Immune Response Flashcards

(34 cards)

1
Q

the immune system is responsible for what?

A

fighting disease

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2
Q

what foreign substances does the immune system identify

A

bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites

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3
Q

what is the prime purpose of the immune system

A

defend the life of the host

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4
Q

in perio disease, the immune system defends the body against _____

A

periodontal pathogens

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5
Q

T/F: the immune system can become so intense in its response that it begins to harm the body that is it trying to protect

A

True

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6
Q

what are 3 components of the immune system and what makes up each component

A
  1. Phagocytes: leukocytes & monocytes/macrophages
  2. Lymphocytes: B & T antibodies
  3. Compliment system
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7
Q

define phagotycosis

A

the process by which leukocytes engulf and digest microorganisms

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8
Q

what are the two types of leukocytes that are important to periodontal disease

A
  1. PMNS-first to respond

2. Monocytes/Macrophages

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9
Q

what are PMN’s and what do they do in the immune system?

A

polymorphonuclear leukocytes
rapid responders, provide the 1st line of defense
capture and destroy bacterial invaders

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10
Q

are PMN’s short or long lived?

A

short lived cells

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11
Q

PMN’s are attracted to bacteria by what process?

A

chemotaxis

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12
Q

PMNs contain digestive enzymes called ______

A

lysosomes

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13
Q

what is pus due to?

A

due to dead/dying PMN cells

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14
Q

which cells most effectively destroy periodontal pathogens?

A

PMNs

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15
Q

where are monocytes and marcophages found?

A

monocytes when in the blood stream and macrophages when in the tissue

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16
Q

function of monocytes/macrophages? Short or long lived cells?

A

surround and destroy bacteria

long-lived cells seen in chronic inflammation

17
Q

what are the two main types of lymphocytes

A

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

18
Q

function of B cells once activated

A

makes millions of antibodies and pours them into the bloodstream

19
Q

2 types of B cells

A
  1. plasma B cells: neutralize microorganisms

2. Memory B cells

20
Q

what are some functions of antibodies

A
  1. prevent bacteria from destroying host cells
  2. coat bacteria making them more susceptible to phagocytosis
  3. activate compliment system
21
Q

how many classes of immunoglobins are there?

22
Q

function of T cells

A

to intensify the response of other immune cells to the bacterial invasion

23
Q

T cells produce substance called _____ that further stimulate the immune response

24
Q

where are cytokines made?

A

in the thymus gland

25
what are the anti-inflammatory mediator cytokines that help the body fight bacteria
IL-4, IL-10, IL-Ira, TIMPS
26
what are the pro-inflammatory mediator cytokines that destroy tissue
IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha
27
what is the complement system?
a complex series of proteins circulating in the blood that works to: - facilitate phagocytosis of bacteria - kill bacteria directly by forming pores in bacterial cell membranes
28
4 functions of complement system, which is most important
1. destruction of pathogens 2. opsonization of pathogens ********** most impt. 3. recruitment of phagocytes 4. immune clearance
29
what does the complement system create to form pores in the microorganisms cell membrane?
proteins called membrane attack complex
30
what is the most important action of the complement system?
osponization
31
what is osponization?
the complement system facilitates the capture and destruction of bacteria by phagocytes
32
T/F: the complement system cannot recruit additional phagocytic cells to the site of an infection
false; it can
33
to fight an infection, leukocytes travel through what?
the bloodstream
34
what is the endothelium?
thin layer of epithelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels