Immune Response Flashcards
the immune system is responsible for what?
fighting disease
what foreign substances does the immune system identify
bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
what is the prime purpose of the immune system
defend the life of the host
in perio disease, the immune system defends the body against _____
periodontal pathogens
T/F: the immune system can become so intense in its response that it begins to harm the body that is it trying to protect
True
what are 3 components of the immune system and what makes up each component
- Phagocytes: leukocytes & monocytes/macrophages
- Lymphocytes: B & T antibodies
- Compliment system
define phagotycosis
the process by which leukocytes engulf and digest microorganisms
what are the two types of leukocytes that are important to periodontal disease
- PMNS-first to respond
2. Monocytes/Macrophages
what are PMN’s and what do they do in the immune system?
polymorphonuclear leukocytes
rapid responders, provide the 1st line of defense
capture and destroy bacterial invaders
are PMN’s short or long lived?
short lived cells
PMN’s are attracted to bacteria by what process?
chemotaxis
PMNs contain digestive enzymes called ______
lysosomes
what is pus due to?
due to dead/dying PMN cells
which cells most effectively destroy periodontal pathogens?
PMNs
where are monocytes and marcophages found?
monocytes when in the blood stream and macrophages when in the tissue
function of monocytes/macrophages? Short or long lived cells?
surround and destroy bacteria
long-lived cells seen in chronic inflammation
what are the two main types of lymphocytes
B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes
function of B cells once activated
makes millions of antibodies and pours them into the bloodstream
2 types of B cells
- plasma B cells: neutralize microorganisms
2. Memory B cells
what are some functions of antibodies
- prevent bacteria from destroying host cells
- coat bacteria making them more susceptible to phagocytosis
- activate compliment system
how many classes of immunoglobins are there?
5
function of T cells
to intensify the response of other immune cells to the bacterial invasion
T cells produce substance called _____ that further stimulate the immune response
cytokines
where are cytokines made?
in the thymus gland
what are the anti-inflammatory mediator cytokines that help the body fight bacteria
IL-4, IL-10, IL-Ira, TIMPS
what are the pro-inflammatory mediator cytokines that destroy tissue
IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha
what is the complement system?
a complex series of proteins circulating in the blood that works to:
- facilitate phagocytosis of bacteria
- kill bacteria directly by forming pores in bacterial cell membranes
4 functions of complement system, which is most important
- destruction of pathogens
- opsonization of pathogens ** most impt.
- recruitment of phagocytes
- immune clearance
what does the complement system create to form pores in the microorganisms cell membrane?
proteins called membrane attack complex
what is the most important action of the complement system?
osponization
what is osponization?
the complement system facilitates the capture and destruction of bacteria by phagocytes
T/F: the complement system cannot recruit additional phagocytic cells to the site of an infection
false; it can
to fight an infection, leukocytes travel through what?
the bloodstream
what is the endothelium?
thin layer of epithelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels
