Immune Response

Question 1

the immune system is responsible for what?

Answer 1

fighting disease

Question 2

what foreign substances does the immune system identify

Answer 2

bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites

Question 3

what is the prime purpose of the immune system

Answer 3

defend the life of the host

Question 4

in perio disease, the immune system defends the body against _____

Answer 4

periodontal pathogens

Question 5

T/F: the immune system can become so intense in its response that it begins to harm the body that is it trying to protect

Answer 5

True

Question 6

what are 3 components of the immune system and what makes up each component

Answer 6

1. Phagocytes: leukocytes & monocytes/macrophages
2. Lymphocytes: B & T antibodies
3. Compliment system

Question 7

define phagotycosis

Answer 7

the process by which leukocytes engulf and digest microorganisms

Question 8

what are the two types of leukocytes that are important to periodontal disease

Answer 8

1. PMNS-first to respond

2. Monocytes/Macrophages

Question 9

what are PMN’s and what do they do in the immune system?

Answer 9

polymorphonuclear leukocytes
rapid responders, provide the 1st line of defense
capture and destroy bacterial invaders

Question 10

are PMN’s short or long lived?

Answer 10

short lived cells

Question 11

PMN’s are attracted to bacteria by what process?

Answer 11

chemotaxis

Question 12

PMNs contain digestive enzymes called ______

Answer 12

lysosomes

Question 13

what is pus due to?

Answer 13

due to dead/dying PMN cells

Question 14

which cells most effectively destroy periodontal pathogens?

Answer 14

PMNs

Question 15

where are monocytes and marcophages found?

Answer 15

monocytes when in the blood stream and macrophages when in the tissue

Question 16

function of monocytes/macrophages? Short or long lived cells?

Answer 16

surround and destroy bacteria

long-lived cells seen in chronic inflammation

Question 17

what are the two main types of lymphocytes

Answer 17

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

Question 18

function of B cells once activated

Answer 18

makes millions of antibodies and pours them into the bloodstream

Question 19

2 types of B cells

Answer 19

1. plasma B cells: neutralize microorganisms

2. Memory B cells

Question 20

what are some functions of antibodies

Answer 20

1. prevent bacteria from destroying host cells
2. coat bacteria making them more susceptible to phagocytosis
3. activate compliment system

Question 21

how many classes of immunoglobins are there?

Answer 21

5

Question 22

function of T cells

Answer 22

to intensify the response of other immune cells to the bacterial invasion

Question 23

T cells produce substance called _____ that further stimulate the immune response

Answer 23

cytokines

Question 24

where are cytokines made?

Answer 24

in the thymus gland

Question 25

what are the anti-inflammatory mediator cytokines that help the body fight bacteria

Answer 25

IL-4, IL-10, IL-Ira, TIMPS

Question 26

what are the pro-inflammatory mediator cytokines that destroy tissue

Answer 26

IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha

Question 27

what is the complement system?

Answer 27

a complex series of proteins circulating in the blood that works to:

• facilitate phagocytosis of bacteria
• kill bacteria directly by forming pores in bacterial cell membranes

Question 28

4 functions of complement system, which is most important

Answer 28

1. destruction of pathogens
2. opsonization of pathogens ** most impt.
3. recruitment of phagocytes
4. immune clearance

Question 29

what does the complement system create to form pores in the microorganisms cell membrane?

Answer 29

proteins called membrane attack complex

Question 30

what is the most important action of the complement system?

Answer 30

osponization

Question 31

what is osponization?

Answer 31

the complement system facilitates the capture and destruction of bacteria by phagocytes

Question 32

T/F: the complement system cannot recruit additional phagocytic cells to the site of an infection

Answer 32

false; it can

Question 33

to fight an infection, leukocytes travel through what?

Answer 33

the bloodstream

Question 34

what is the endothelium?

Answer 34

thin layer of epithelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels