Systemic circulation

Question 1

what do the arteries do

Answer 1

carries blood from the heart to other organs

divide into medium-sized arteries

Question 2

what are the medium-sized arteries

Answer 2

distributing arteries

they have high elastin components and dampen the BP from the heart contractions

Question 3

what are arterioles

Answer 3

smaller arteries
division of medium-sized arteries
divide into capillaries

Question 4

what are capillaries

Answer 4

where substances are exchanged between blood and body tissues
groups unite to form small veins called venules

Question 5

what are capillaries large enough for 1 at a time

Answer 5

1 erythrocyte

Question 6

describe veins

Answer 6

merging of venules forming larger blood vessels

carry blood from tissues back to the heart

Question 7

what is vasa vasorum

Answer 7

vasculature of vessels
located in the walls of larger blood vessels
supply oxygen and nutrients to those larger vessels

Question 8

what are the 3 layers of the arterial walls

Answer 8

tunica interna
tunica media
tunica externa

Question 9

tunica interna

Answer 9

closer to lumen
smooth surface
prevents friction

Question 10

tunica media

Answer 10

thickest, highly elastic
smooth muscle
vasoconstriction/dilation

Question 11

tunica externa

Answer 11

elastic and collagen fibers
protects vessel
anchors it to surrounding structures

Question 12

what is the role of arterioles

Answer 12

resistance vessels
plays a key role in regulation blood flow into capillaries
change in diameter also affects blood pressure

Question 13

what is the role of capillaries

Answer 13

exchanging vessels
connect arterioles and venules extensive network in muscle, liver, kidneys and nervous system
none are found in the lining epithelia, cornea, lens and cartilage

Question 14

why are the capillaries more focused in some areas

Answer 14

some use more O2 and nutrients and some are avascular

Question 15

what do the capillaries allow

Answer 15

exchange of nutrients ans waste between the blood and tissue cells

Question 16

is there a tunica externa or media in the capillaries

Answer 16

no

Question 17

do the capillaries have a low metabolic need

Answer 17

yea, blood flows through a small portion of the capillary network
increase in metabolic activity- entire network fills with blood

Question 18

how many capillaries can 1 metarteriole supply

Answer 18

10-100

Question 19

what are venules

Answer 19

union of several capillaries
collect blood from several capillaries and drain into veins
no tunica externa

Question 20

what are the 3 layers of the veins

Answer 20

tunica interna, media, externa

Question 21

can veins withstand high pressures

Answer 21

no

Question 22

how is the pumping of venous blood back to the heart done

Answer 22

pumping of the heart
contraction of skeletal m. in lower limbs
valves found in veins

Question 23

venous valves

Answer 23

2 or more folds of tunica interna forming cusps projecting towards the heart

Question 24

what do leaky venous valves result in

Answer 24

varicose veins

swollen veins

Question 25

at rest what are the proportions of blood

Answer 25

veins 60% capillaries 5% arteries/arterioles 15% remaining 20%?? dont know

Question 26

what does the systemic circulation include

Answer 26

cerebral circulation portal system all arteries branching from the aorta all veins draining into the IVC, SVC ans coronary sinus

Question 27

what are the arteries of the head and neck

Answer 27

brachiocephalic (R) subclavian (R/L) -> vertebral a., internal mammary, ant. intercostals (9) common carotid -> internal carotid, external carotid

Question 28

what are the 5 branches coming out of the external carotid

Answer 28

sup thyroid lingual facial occipital post. auricular maxillary -> infraorbital, middle meningeal superficial temporal -> frontal, parietal, transverse facial, zigomaticoorbital

Question 29

what does the maxillary a. supply

Answer 29

deep skull, orbit, teeth, m. of mastication, dura mater

Question 30

what branches out the thoracic aorta

Answer 30

``` posterior intercostals (9) continues until passes hiatus through diaphragm and becomes abdominal aorta ```

Question 31

what branches out the abdominal aorta

Answer 31

celiac trunk-> left gastric, splenic a., common hepatic a. | superior mesenteric

Question 32

what does the superior mesenteric a. supply

Answer 32

most of the intestine, head of pancreas

Question 33

what are the abdominal arteries and what do they supply

Answer 33

``` celiac trunk: GI tract, spleen inferior phrenic: diaphragm suprarenal: adrenal glands renal: kidneys superior mesenteric: GI tract testicular/ovarian: gonads inferior mesenteric: GI tract Common iliac: external (lower extremities), internal (pelvis/perineum) gastroduodenal: stomach, duodenum, pancreas, greater omentum (epiploic) grastric: stomac and esophagus common hepatic: liver, gall bladder, stomach gastroepiploic: stomach, greater omentum ```

Question 34

what is the role of the IVC

Answer 34

do not drain the GI tract, gall bladder and pancreas, its the portal system liver is drained by the hepatic veins testicular/ovarian veins on the right side only

Question 35

what drains the L testicular/ovarian veins

Answer 35

renal vein

Question 36

what is the role of the SVC

Answer 36

drains head and upper limbs | drains intercostal and lumbar regions by a collection of veins called azygos system

Question 37

what is the portal system

Answer 37

detours blood from the GI organs and spleen through the liver before going into the IVC carries blood from one capillary network to another without going through the heart rich in substance after a meal

Question 38

what does the pulmonary circulation carry

Answer 38

deoxygenated blood form the R ventricle to air sacs within the lungs

Question 39

what does the pulmonary trunk split into

Answer 39

R & L pulmonary arteries and then form capillaries around the alveoli

Question 40

describe the pulmonary circulation

Answer 40

CO2 passes into the alveoli inhaled O2 form air goes into the blood pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood to the L atrium blood is ejected into the systemic circulation

Question 41

arteries are less ___, have ___ walls and are ___ in diameter

Answer 41

elastic thinner larger

Question 42

what is the difference between peak systolic pressure in the R ventricle and the L ventricle

Answer 42

R is 20% of L

Question 43

what is a pulmonary edema

Answer 43

reduces rate of diffusion of O2/CO2 thus slows down the exchange of respiratory gases in the lungs

Question 44

what happens to the lungs, kidneys and GI tract before birth

Answer 44

they do not function

Question 45

how does the fetus obtain its nutrients, O2 and eliminates CO2 and waste

Answer 45

by diffusion from the maternal blood through the placenta

Question 46

what happens after birth

Answer 46

the umbilical cord becomes a fibrous cord called the media umbilical ligament the umbilical vein becomes the round ligament the ductus venosum becomes the ligamentum venosum fossa ovalis forms lig arteriosum forms