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EXCI 254 final > Systemic circulation > Flashcards

Systemic circulation Flashcards

1
Q

what do the arteries do

A

carries blood from the heart to other organs

divide into medium-sized arteries

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2
Q

what are the medium-sized arteries

A

distributing arteries

they have high elastin components and dampen the BP from the heart contractions

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3
Q

what are arterioles

A

smaller arteries
division of medium-sized arteries
divide into capillaries

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4
Q

what are capillaries

A

where substances are exchanged between blood and body tissues
groups unite to form small veins called venules

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5
Q

what are capillaries large enough for 1 at a time

A

1 erythrocyte

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6
Q

describe veins

A

merging of venules forming larger blood vessels

carry blood from tissues back to the heart

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7
Q

what is vasa vasorum

A

vasculature of vessels
located in the walls of larger blood vessels
supply oxygen and nutrients to those larger vessels

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8
Q

what are the 3 layers of the arterial walls

A

tunica interna
tunica media
tunica externa

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9
Q

tunica interna

A

closer to lumen
smooth surface
prevents friction

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10
Q

tunica media

A

thickest, highly elastic
smooth muscle
vasoconstriction/dilation

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11
Q

tunica externa

A

elastic and collagen fibers
protects vessel
anchors it to surrounding structures

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12
Q

what is the role of arterioles

A

resistance vessels
plays a key role in regulation blood flow into capillaries
change in diameter also affects blood pressure

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13
Q

what is the role of capillaries

A

exchanging vessels
connect arterioles and venules extensive network in muscle, liver, kidneys and nervous system
none are found in the lining epithelia, cornea, lens and cartilage

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14
Q

why are the capillaries more focused in some areas

A

some use more O2 and nutrients and some are avascular

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15
Q

what do the capillaries allow

A

exchange of nutrients ans waste between the blood and tissue cells

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16
Q

is there a tunica externa or media in the capillaries

A

no

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17
Q

do the capillaries have a low metabolic need

A

yea, blood flows through a small portion of the capillary network
increase in metabolic activity- entire network fills with blood

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18
Q

how many capillaries can 1 metarteriole supply

A

10-100

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19
Q

what are venules

A

union of several capillaries
collect blood from several capillaries and drain into veins
no tunica externa

20
Q

what are the 3 layers of the veins

A

tunica interna, media, externa

21
Q

can veins withstand high pressures

A

no

22
Q

how is the pumping of venous blood back to the heart done

A

pumping of the heart
contraction of skeletal m. in lower limbs
valves found in veins

23
Q

venous valves

A

2 or more folds of tunica interna forming cusps projecting towards the heart

24
Q

what do leaky venous valves result in

A

varicose veins

swollen veins

25
Q

at rest what are the proportions of blood

A

veins 60%
capillaries 5%
arteries/arterioles 15%
remaining 20%?? dont know

26
Q

what does the systemic circulation include

A

cerebral circulation
portal system
all arteries branching from the aorta
all veins draining into the IVC, SVC ans coronary sinus

27
Q

what are the arteries of the head and neck

A

brachiocephalic (R)
subclavian (R/L) -> vertebral a., internal mammary, ant. intercostals (9)
common carotid -> internal carotid, external carotid

28
Q

what are the 5 branches coming out of the external carotid

A

sup thyroid
lingual
facial
occipital
post. auricular
maxillary -> infraorbital, middle meningeal
superficial temporal -> frontal, parietal, transverse facial, zigomaticoorbital

29
Q

what does the maxillary a. supply

A

deep skull, orbit, teeth, m. of mastication, dura mater

30
Q

what branches out the thoracic aorta

A 
posterior intercostals (9)
continues until passes hiatus through diaphragm and becomes abdominal aorta
31
Q

what branches out the abdominal aorta

A

celiac trunk-> left gastric, splenic a., common hepatic a.

superior mesenteric

32
Q

what does the superior mesenteric a. supply

A

most of the intestine, head of pancreas

33
Q

what are the abdominal arteries and what do they supply

A 
celiac trunk: GI tract, spleen
inferior phrenic: diaphragm
suprarenal: adrenal glands
renal: kidneys
superior mesenteric: GI tract
testicular/ovarian: gonads
inferior mesenteric: GI tract
Common iliac: external (lower extremities), internal (pelvis/perineum)
gastroduodenal: stomach, duodenum, pancreas, greater omentum (epiploic)
grastric: stomac and esophagus
common hepatic: liver, gall bladder, stomach
gastroepiploic: stomach, greater omentum
34
Q

what is the role of the IVC

A

do not drain the GI tract, gall bladder and pancreas, its the portal system
liver is drained by the hepatic veins
testicular/ovarian veins on the right side only

35
Q

what drains the L testicular/ovarian veins

A

renal vein

36
Q

what is the role of the SVC

A

drains head and upper limbs

drains intercostal and lumbar regions by a collection of veins called azygos system

37
Q

what is the portal system

A

detours blood from the GI organs and spleen through the liver before going into the IVC
carries blood from one capillary network to another without going through the heart
rich in substance after a meal

38
Q

what does the pulmonary circulation carry

A

deoxygenated blood form the R ventricle to air sacs within the lungs

39
Q

what does the pulmonary trunk split into

A

R & L pulmonary arteries and then form capillaries around the alveoli

40
Q

describe the pulmonary circulation

A

CO2 passes into the alveoli
inhaled O2 form air goes into the blood
pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood to the L atrium
blood is ejected into the systemic circulation

41
Q

arteries are less ___, have ___ walls and are ___ in diameter

A

elastic
thinner
larger

42
Q

what is the difference between peak systolic pressure in the R ventricle and the L ventricle

A

R is 20% of L

43
Q

what is a pulmonary edema

A

reduces rate of diffusion of O2/CO2 thus slows down the exchange of respiratory gases in the lungs

44
Q

what happens to the lungs, kidneys and GI tract before birth

A

they do not function

45
Q

how does the fetus obtain its nutrients, O2 and eliminates CO2 and waste

A

by diffusion from the maternal blood through the placenta

46
Q

what happens after birth

A

the umbilical cord becomes a fibrous cord called the media umbilical ligament
the umbilical vein becomes the round ligament
the ductus venosum becomes the ligamentum venosum
fossa ovalis forms
lig arteriosum forms

EXCI 254 final (10 decks)

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