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EXCI 254 final > Male reproductive system > Flashcards

Male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

organs of the male reproductive system (1, 3 ducts, 3 accessory sex glands, 2 supporting structures)

A

testes, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethraseminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, scrotum and penis

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2
Q

supporting sac for the testes hangs from the root of the penis

A

scrotum

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3
Q

the scrotum is externally divided medially by a ridge called ___

A

raphe

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4
Q

the scrotum is internally divided by two sacs, each contain ___

A

one testis

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5
Q

what is the dartos muscle (action + role)

A

contraction causes wrinkling of the skin of the scrotum
helps regulate the temperature of the testes
- required for sperm production

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6
Q

what muscles contracts when testes are exposed to cold to keep them closer to the body for heat

A

cremaster m. and dartos m.

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7
Q

small band of skeletal muscle in the spermatic cord

continuous with the internal oblique m. of abs

A

cremaster muscle

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8
Q

blood supply from the scrotum is from the ___ ___ a.

A

internal pudendal

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9
Q

paired oval glands

develop near the kidneys in the posterior portion of the abdomen

A

testes

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10
Q

the testes descend in the scrotum during the __ month of fetal development

A

7th

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11
Q

3 parts of the testes

A

tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginea
lobules

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12
Q

testes - serous membrane developed from the peritoneum

forms during the descent of the testes and partially covers them

A

tunica vaginalis

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13
Q

testes - forms a septum deep to tunica vaginalis which divides each testis into several internal compartment

A

tunica albuginea

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14
Q

testes - contain 1-3 coiled tubules called seminiferous tubules

A

lobules

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15
Q

structure where sperm is produced

A

seminiferous tubules

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16
Q

cells located within the seminiferous tubules

A

spermatogenic cells

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17
Q

sperm production begins in stem cells called ____

A

spermatogonia

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18
Q

where are spermatogonia located

A

line the periphery of the tubules

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19
Q

at puberty, the spermatogonia begin to undergo ___

A

mitosis

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20
Q

what is mitosis

A

division of the nucleus of the cell that ensures each new nucleus has the same number and kind of chromosome as the original nucleus = DIPLOID

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21
Q

the spermatogonia also undergoes _____

A

meiosis

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22
Q

what is meiosis

A

type of cell division restricted to sex-cell production involving two successive nuclear divisions that result in new cells with the haploid (n) number of chromosomes

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23
Q

Primary spermatocytes become ___ spermatocytes, then become ____ which finally mature into sperm cells

A

secondary, spermatids

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24
Q

main role of the blood-testis barrier

A

isolate spermatogenic cells from the blood

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25
why is the blood-testis barrier essential?
because our immune system sees the spermatogenic cells as foreign substances and will want to destroy them
26
what is the blood-testis barrier formed by?
joined SERTOLI cells
27
role of sertoli cells (4)
- support and protect spermatogenic cells - nourish spermatocytes, spermatids and sperm cells - remove excess spermatid cytoplasm as development proceeds - control the release of sperm into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules
28
"interstitial endocrinocytes"
Leydig cells
29
where are the leydig cells located + role
in the spaces between adjacent seminiferous tubules- secrete testosterone
30
most important androgen (male sex hormone)
testosterone
31
how long is the process of spermatogenesis
65-75 days
32
spermatogenesis - process begins in the ___ (contain the diploid 2n chromosome number)will undergo ___some will develop into ___ ___ (2n), some will stay near the basement membrane for later sperm productioneach primary spermatocyte will enlarge before undergoing ___ forming ____ ____
``` spermatogonia mitosis primary spermatocytes meiosis, secondary spermatocytes ```
33
2 types of meiosis + infos
meiosis 1 = replication of DNA | meiosis 2 = no replication of DNA, formation of spermatids (haploid n)
34
a primary spermatocyte produces __ spermatids through 2 rounds of cell division (meiosis 1 and meiosis 2)
4
35
what is spermiogenesis
maturation of spermatids into sperm
36
t/f during spermiogenesis, no cell division occurs
true
37
what is spermiation
release of a sperm cell from its connection to a Sertoli cell
38
once ejaculated, sperm survives no more than __ __ in the female reproductive tratc
48 hours
39
matures at a rate of 300 million/dayhighly adapted cell for reaching and penetrating a secondary oocyte
sperm
40
sperm cell - head content
contains the DNA and an acrosome
41
vesicle that contains enzymes which aid penetration of the sperm cell into the secondary oocyte
acrosome
42
sperm cell - midpiece content
contains mitochondria which provide ATP for locomotion
43
sperm cell - tails role
propel the sperm along its way
44
Once sperm is released in the lumen, it is propelled towards ___ ____ by the pressure generated by the continuous release of sperm and fluid (from the Sertoli cells)
straight tubules
45
ducts of the testes - straight tubules lead to ___ ___(ducts) which lead into a series of coiled ducts called ___ ___all empty into a single ___ ___
Rete testis efferent ducts ductus epididymis
46
what structure lies on the posterior border of the testis
epididymis
47
head of epididymis
where the efferent ducts join the ductus epididymis
48
tail of epididymis
smaller, inferior portion which continues as the vas deferens
49
role of ductus epididymis (2)
stores sperm | helps propel sperm into the vas deferens by peristaltic contraction
50
what is the lining of the ductus epididymis made of?
lined with stereocilia that increase the surface area for absorption of degenerated sperm
51
Ascends along the posterior border of the epididymis, passes through the inguinal canal and enters the pelvic cavity. Loops over the ureter and passes down behind the bladder
Vas (ductus) deferens
52
what is the ampulla of vas deferens
dilated terminal portion
53
joining of the seminal duct and the ampulla of the vas deferens form just above the prostate gland and pass inferiorly and anteriorly through it
ejaculatory duct
54
where do the ejaculatory duct terminate?
in the prostatic urethra
55
what is being ejected by the ejaculatory duct in the urethra (2)
sperm and seminal vesicle secretion
56
t/f urethra serves as a passageway for urine only
false, sperm also
57
the spermatic cord passes through which canal
inguinal canal
58
content of the spermatic cord (6)
- vas deferens- autonomic nerves- testicular artery- testicular veins- lymphatic vessels- cremaster muscle
59
main role of the seminal vesicles
secrete an alkaline viscous fluid that helps neutralize acid in the female reproductive tract
60
structure that lies posterior to and at the base of the urinary bladder
seminal vesicles
61
structure that lies inferior to the urinary bladder
prostate gland
62
main role of prostate gland
secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid that helps semen coagulate after ejaculation and subsequently breaks down the clot
63
t/f the size of the prostate gland slowly increases until puberty, then a rapid growth occurs until 50 yo
false, until 30 yo
64
other name for bulbourethral glands
cowper's glands
65
structure that lies inferior to the prostate gland on either side of the membranous urethra (within the urogenital diaphragm)
bulbourethral gland
66
main role of cowper's glands
secrete an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidic environment of the urethra and mucous that lubricates the linin of the urethra and penis during sexual intercourse
67
content of semen
mix of sperm and seminal fluid
68
what is seminalplasmin
antibiotic found in semen which can destroy certain bacteria in the semen and female reproductive tract
69
after __ to __, semen re-liquifies
10-20 minutes
70
structure that is the passageway for ejaculation of sperm and the excretion of urine
penis
71
main regions of the penis (3)
body, root and glans penis
72
t/f there is a pair of corpus spongiosum
false, only one
73
t/f there is a pair of corpus cavernosum
true
74
function of corpus spongiosum
keeping the spongy urethra open during ejaculation
75
penis - expanded portion of the base of the corpus spongiosumattached to inf. surface of urogenital diaphragm
bulb of penis
76
penis - tapered portion at the proximal end (base) of the corpus cavernosumattached to the ischial and inf.pubic ramus
crus of penis
77
bulb of the penis is enclosed by the ____ muscle
bulbospongiosus
78
crus of the penis is surrounded by the ____ muscle
ischiocavernosus
79
ejaculation is a parasympathetic or sympathetic reflex
sympathetic
80
peristaltic contractions in which 4 structures propel semen into the spongy urethra
ampulla of vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, prostate gland
81
erection is a parasympathetic or sympathetic reflex
parasympathetic
82
upon sexual stimulation, the arteries supplying the penis ___ (constrict or dilate)
dilate = more blood

EXCI 254 final (10 decks)

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