SYSTEM ENG M1-2 Flashcards
What type of System?
– Solar System
– Satellite System
– Nervous System
Physical System
(Kasi nakikita)
Type of System:
– Religious System
– Gov System
– Social System
Philosophical System
Type of System:
– Thermal System
– Mechanical System
– Electrical System
– Biological System
– Dynamic System
(Moving)
A set of things interacting in a way that produces something greater than the sum of its parts
System
____ is:
– The whole (or set) that results
– Number of things are grouped
- Specific manner
– For particular reason (function)
System
In systems engineering, a _____ can be simply defined as A set of elements that interact to achieve a stated purpose
system
What are 3 Composition of a System? enumerate
– Components (Parts)
– Attributes (Properties)
– Relationships (Interactions)
In the composition of a system:
A ____ is the parts of a system
Components
In the composition of a system:
A _____ is the properties of the components and as a whole.
Attributes
(AKA characteristics, configurations, qualities, state)
In the composition of a system:
_____ is the interactions of the components
Relationships
A ______ is implied to the system of interest (SOI)
System Boundary
?
Read only:
Characteristics of a system:
– all systems have a PURPOSE
– all parts of a system have a FUNCTION
– the performance of a system is affected by how the parts are arranged
– systems attempt to maintain STABILITY
The purpose of the system is called ____
Mission
_____ Must:
– clearly staed by the business management and the stakeholders;
– represent the start point of the design process
– Provides the basis for the ultimate test (Validate, verify, and testing) of a system’s fitness for purpose
Mission
Complete the statement:
The mission of the system is to provide a ________ (1 word) to a ___________ (2 words)
- Solution
- Business Problem
True or False
The system’s Components, interactions, and boundaries are a result of a deliberate (intentional) design
Fill in the blanks:
… Thus, we call it ___________
True
Systems Engineering
True or False
A system must be managerially and operationally dependent
FALSE
(should be INDEPENDENT so as to procure and maintain independently)
Enumerate 4 Main classifications of systems:
– Closed / Open Systems
– Natural / Human-made / Human modified Systems
– Physical / Conceptual Systems
– Static / Dynamic Systems (Precedented / Unprecented Systems)
CNPS
Under “Types of Systems”
_____ INTERACTS with its operating ENVIRONMENT through inputs and output across the boundary
OPEN SYSTEM
Under “Types of Systems”
______ is ISOLATED (or has a very limited interaction) in its EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
closed system
Under “Types of Systems”
_____ contain natural elements and are result of a natural processes
Natural Systems
Under “Types of Systems”
_____ come into existence through the efforts of humans and may contain human made elements adapted to human designated purposes
Human-made systems
(sa ppt, Human modified systems pero baka typo)
Under “Types of Systems”
_____ are natural systems that have been modified
HUman - Modified Systems
Complete the statement:
We engineers must be interested in useful systems, which are _____
Open
True or False
We engineers must be interested interested in Human-made and Natural systems
false:
Human-made and modified systems.
Under “Types of Systems”
______ exist in physical form. They are composed of real components and consumes physical space
Physical Systems
Under “Types of Systems”
_____ do not have a physical form. symbols represent the attributes of components.
Conceptual Systems
True or False:
We engineers must be interested on both physical and conceptual systems
true
Conceptual systems only have ______ to represent the attribute of components
Symbols
Under “Types of Systems”
______ do not move, do not change states (quickly)
Static Systems
Under “Types of Systems”
_____ exhibit behaviors (motion of systems under some influence of force)
Dynamic Systems
Under “Types of Systems”
_________ is a system produced before
Precedented System
Under “Types of Systems”
_______ has not been preeviously produced and requires substantial research and development
Unprecedented System
True or False:
Systems Engineering is interested predominantly in unprecedented system
FALSE:
should be precedented systems (those which we know how to engineer)
True or false
A wide variety of combinations of the characteristics can lead to a small number of types of systems, each of which has different properties
FALSE:
must be LARGE number of types of systems
Multiple multiple choice
Systems engineering is applied to an:
______ (close or open?), _____ (physical or conceptual?) system that are _____ (natural or human made/modified?) from largely _______ (precedented or unprecedented?) elements
– open
– physical (also pwede rin daw conceptual)
– human-made/modified
– precedented
A system can be described as ______ describing:
what the system will do
how well it will do it
how it will be tested
under what conditions it will perform
what other systems will be involved in its operation
Logical (or functional) descriptions
A system can be described as ______ describing:
– what the systems are
– how they look, they manufactured, they are tested, they are integrated
Physical descriptions
Both the physical and logical descriptions of a system comprise a series of statements which are called _____
Requirements
True or false
Physical and logical descriptions work together, but one should come before the other
true
True or false
Upper-level trade-offs and feasibility analyses must be conducted at the “physical” level before deciding on the “logical” implementations
false.
logical level first before the physical implementations
True or false:
How we implement current “physical” system should not affect unnecessarily the way we might describe future systems
true
True or false
When establishing a system, we develop the “physical” descriptions first
false. must be logical desc first
true or false
A “physical” description is usually suited to the interface between systems engineering and the business case
false. must be logical
true or false
a “physical” desc changes faster. a “logical” description changes slowly
true
______ is an interdisciplinary approach encompassing the entire technical effort to evolve into a verify an integrated and lyfe-cycle balanced set of system peopl, product, and process solutions that satisfy customer needs.
Systems engineering
Read only:
Systems Eng encompasses:
a.) technical efforts related to the development, manufacturing, verification, deployment, operations, support, disposal of, and user training for system product and processes.
b.) definition and management of the system configuration
c.) translation of the system definition into work breakdown structure
d.) development of information for management decision making
noted
____ is an interdisciplinary collaborative approach to derive, evolve, and verify a life-cycle balanced system solution which satisfies customer expectations and meets public acceptability
Systems eng
Fill in the blanks
Systems Eng is an approach to translate operational needs and requirements into operationally sutiable blocks of systems. the approach shall cosist of a ________ iterative process of requirements analysis, fucntional analysis, and allocation.
Top-down
______ is a modern approach to systems engineering that uses models as the primary means of capturing, analysing, designing, and communicating the information and decisions associated with the development of complex systems
MBSE
model based systems engineering
True or false
System is sometimes synonymous to be a product in a physical sense
true
True or false
– System delivers an operational capability not just products
true
A ______ (in SE) is created through the proper and effective interaction of people, process, and technology. it realizes an ability that enables an organization to achieve their objectives.
Capability
True or False:
We can consider a system to be hierarchical composition of its elements (either logical or physical)
true
true or false:
in logical description. the system’s mission is broken down into a hierarchical structure of its major functions - to form a functional hierarchy or a functional architecture
true
t or f
The physical hierarchy has simple 4-layer. arranged in this order
first layer: System
Second layer: Assemblies
Third layer: Components
4th layer: subsystem
False.
must be:
1 - system
2 - subsystem
3 - assemblies
4 - components
Under “Generic System Life Cycle
______ is The phase where the idea for a system is generated as a result of business planning.
Business needs are confirmed and supported by a ________
– Pre-acquisition Phase [Example: Grab App Idea]
– Business Case
4 Generic life cycle of SE
– Pre Acquisition Phase
– Acquisition Phase
– Utilization Phase
– Retirement Phase
Under “Generic System Life Cycle”
_____ is a phase focused on bringing the system into being and into service of the organization
Acquisition Phase
3 Requirements of the Acquisition Phase
Case: Grab App (To confirm)
– Business Requirements (Investments, who to employ, etc.)
– Stakeholder Requirements (Motor ng Driver, Wifi ng customer, etc.)
– System Requirements (Yung hinihingi talaga ng app before using the sysem: Valid ID, Plate number, driver’s license)
Case: Premiere Pro (or any heavy apps)
– Business Reqs (Investments, who to employ, etc.)
– Stakeholder Reqs (Working device)
– System Reqs (Minimum 50 GB computer, Updated Windows, Minimum Pixels.)
Under “Generic System Life Cycle”
The system is operated and supported during the _____ phase. They also undergo number of modifications and upgrades
Utilization phase
Under “Generic System Life Cycle”
______ phase could also be mark of another life cycle for the replacement system
Retirement Phase
When will Utilization Phase move to Retirement phase?
– If business no longer need the system
– if the system can no longer meet the functions required of it by the org
– no longer cost-effective to keep it in service.
True or False
The system life cycle engineering is applied predominantly on the activities of the pre-acquisition and utilization phases
False.
should be ACQUISITION and UTILIZATION phases
Under “Generic System Life Cycle
The Operational Use and System Support take place in WHAT PHASE?
Utilization Phase
Under “Generic System Life Cycle”
The conceptual design, preliminary design, detailed design & development, and construction/production take place in WHAT PHASE?
Acquisition Phase
Under Acquisition Phase:
_______ is the formal transition from the business world to the project world; From the mission statement to complete logical description of the SOI.
It also establish proper definition of the business reqs
Conceptual Design
Under Acquisition Phase; Conceptual Design:
______ is articulated and confirmed by the business management
BNR - Business needs and Requirements
Under Acquisition Phase; Conceptual Design:
BMR Are elaborated by the stake holder at the business operations level into a set of ________
Stakeholder needs and Requirements
Under Acquisition Phase; Conceptual Design:
SNR are elaborated by requirements engineers into system requirements in the ______
System Requirements Specifications
SyRS
Under Acquisition Phase; Conceptual Design:
The BNR, SNR, and the SyRS are the key elements to establishing the _____
Fucntional Baseline (FBL)
True or False
Functional Baseline (FBL) confirms the BNR, SNR, and SyRS, and provides a formal record of a design decisions and design acceptance (before moving to the next activity)
False ; SDR (Systems Design Review) instead of FBL
Under Acquisition Phase; Conceptual Design:
SNR are elaborated by requirements engineers into system reuiqrements in the _____
SyRS - System Requirements Specifications (SyRS)
Under Acquisition Phase; Conceptual Design:
The Conceptual Design ends with the ______
System Design and Review (SDR)
Under Acquisition Phase; Preliminary Design:
In the ABL, we group logically the functions in the FBL into sublevel physical groupings which we call _____
Configuration Items (CI)
Under Acquisition Phase
It converts the logical architecture of the initial FBL into descriptions of the physical subsystems that will meet system requirements
Preliminary Design
The Preliminary Design is a subsystem design known as ___
Allocated Baseline (ABL)
The Preliminary design phase completes with the _____
Preliminary Design Review (PDR)
Under Acquisition Phase
_____ Uses Engineering disciplines to develop the individual subsystems, assemblies, and components in the system
Detailed Design & Development
Under Acquisition Phase: Detailed Design & Development:
The Detailed Design & Development results in ____, as the system is now defined by numerous products (subsystem, assemblies, and components) as well as the materials and processes for manufacturing and construction.
Product Baseline (PBL)
Under Acquisition Phase: Detailed Design & Development:
The review at the end of Detailed Design & Development is called ____.
It is also the final design review which results in the official acceptance of the design and the subsequent commencement of the construction/production
Critical Design Review (CDR)
Under Acquisition Phase
It is the activitity where components are produced in accordance with the PBL specifications, and the system is ultimately constructed
Construction and/or Production
Under Acquisition Phase; Construction and/or Production
This activity ends with _____
Formal Qualification Review (FQR)
True or False
During the Utilization and Retirement Phase, Modifications may be necessary to rectify performance shortlfalls.
True
Enumerate 11 Parties Involved in developing a system
– CustomersCustomer or End-User
– Project Manager
– Systems Engineers
– Design and Development Team
– Integration Team
– Operations and Maintenance Team
– Suppliers and Vendors
– Regulatory Bodies
– Stakeholder
– End-of-Life Team
Under Parties Involved in developing a system:
Role:
– defines the systems requirements, expectations, and constraints based on their needs
Involvement:
– Provides input during the requirement gathering phase, participates in reviews, and gives feedback during testing and validation phases
– CustomersCustomer or End-User
Under Parties Involved in developing a system:
Roles:
Oversees the entire project, ensuring that timelines, budgets, and resources are managed effectively
Involvement:
Coordinates between all parties manages risks, and ensures the project meets its objectives
Project Manager
Under Parties Involved in developing a system:
Roles:
Lead the design, integration, and management of complex systems throughout their life cycle
Involvement:
Engage in requirements analysis, system design, integration, verification, validation, and deployment
Systems Engineers
Under Parties Involved in developing a system:
Roles:
Engineers, Architects, and developers who design and build the system components
Involvement:
Work on detailed design, coding, prototyping, and creating technical documentation
Design and Development Team
Under Parties Involved in developing a system:
Roles:
– Ensure the system meets the defined requirements and is free of defects
Involvement:
– Conducts testing at various stages including unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing.
Test and Quality Assurance Team
Under Parties Involved in developing a system:
Roles:
– Integrates various subsystems and components into the final system
Involvement:
– Ensures compatibility between subsystems and performs integration testing
Integration Team
Under Parties Involved in developing a system:
Roles:
– Manages the system once it is deployed including monitoring, maintenance, and updates
Involvement:
– Engages in deployment, provides support, and ensures system availability and performance.
Operations and Maintenance Team
Under Parties Involved in developing a system:
Roles:
Provides hardware, software, or other system components
Involvement:
– Supply necessary materials or tools and may also provide technical support and warranties
Suppliers and Vendors
Under Parties Involved in developing a system:
Roles:
Ensure that the system complies with relevant laws, regulations, and standards
INvolvement:
Review and approve system designs, and conduct audits or inspections
Regulatory Bodies
Under Parties Involved in developing a system:
Roles:
Include individuals or organizations affected by the system but not directly involved in its development
Involvement:
may provide input during requirements gathering and feedback during testing and validation
Stakeholders
Which Party is the MOST RESPONSIBLE during the Pre Acquisition Phase?
– Enterprise / Business Management
Under Parties Involved in developing a system:
Roles:
manages the decommisioning of the system
Involvement:
Responsible for data migration, archiving, and disposal of system components in compliance with regulation
End-of-life Team
The 2 Parties most responsible during the Acquisition Phase
– Project Management
– Systems Engineering
(take note of order)
The Party MOST RESPONSIBLE during the Utilization Phase:
Operations
True or False:
Each party is responsible for only one phase in the lifecycle of developing a system.
False.
All parties are involved in ALL stages in the lifecylce, with roles and responsibilities of each part shifting in emphasis between stages
Type of Systems Engineering Process Models:
It is a linear and sequential approach where each phase (e.g. requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment) is completed before the NEXT ONE begins.
– The Waterfall Model
Read only:
Best suited for projects that:
– Fixed Requirements / Little output variablity
– Specific Docs
– Well Understood technology
Type of Systems Engineering Process Models:
– Where development stages are paired with corresponding testing stages.
– Its left side represents the DECOMPOSITION of requirements
– Its Right side represents the Integration and Validation
“V” Model
Sample Projects:
– Medical Devices (MRI)
– Automative (Autonomous) Systems
– Railway Signaling Systems
– Defense Systems
– Spacecraft Systems
True or false:
In a V model:
– Its Left side represents the Integration and Validation
– Its Right side represents the DECOMPOSITION of requirements
False.
Right for first statment. Left for Second Statement
Type of Systems Engineering Process Models:
– The model is well suited for projects where requirements are expected to evolve overtime, and where feedback and refinement are critical to achieving the desired outcomes.
– It emphasizes developing the system in small, manageable portions (iterations), allowing for continous improvement and adaptation based on stakeholder feedback.
Iterative Model
– Web apps
– E-Commerce
– Educ Tech systems
– Game Development
Advantage: Flexible, Continous Feedback
Disadvantage: Expensive due to repeated Iterations
Type of Systems Engineering Process Models:
– Emphasizes iterative development
– Strong focus on risk management
– suited for complex, high risk, and where requirements are expected to evolve or be refined overtime
– 4 phases include Planning, Risk Analysis, Engineering, and Evaluation
The Spiral Model
Preferred Projects:
– Large scale software development (ERP)
– Advanced Defense Systems
– Machine learning Systems
Advantage: Strong focus on Risk management
Disadvantage: constly and Time consuming
Type of Requirement Traceability:
_____ is required so that design decision can be traced from any given system - level requirement down to a detailed design decision
Forward Traceability
Type of Requirement Traceability:
_____ describes any lower level requirement is associated with at least one higher level requirement
Backward traceability
________ is described as the following:
– Assures the customer that all reqs can be accounted for in the design at any stage and that no unnecessary requiremnts are included.
– supports configuration management process
traceability
______ is a feature of a top-down design, which guarantees that requiremnts can be satisfied at any stage.
Requirements traceability
True or False:
Systems Engineering maintains a life-cycle focus as decisions are made
True
True or false:
Requirements traceability is a feature of a bottom-up design, which guarantees that requirements can be satisfied at any stage.
False: it is a top-down design.
True or False
Given that a system spends a majority of its life in the utilization, the life cycle cost (LCC) must be considered.
True
True/Flase
ystems Engineering recognizes that the system must be designed with balance in mind
True.
Example:
Balance system performance w/ other factors such as social, cultural, and psychological effects, etc.
True
Systems Engineering involve solely the engineering discipline
False.
– Can involve other disciplines as well such as finance; legal; etc.
– it is multidisciplinary & interdisciplinary
What are the 3 factors inside the Related disciplines of the systems engineering framework
– Systems Engineering Processes
– Systems Engineering Management
– Systems Engineering Tools
Under “SE Framework”
____ concentrates on the intent and main aim of each application of this foundation process.
it also emphasize the early acquisition phase activities
SE Processes
Which phase in the life cycle is where systems engineering has the most impact?
Early Acquisition Phase Activities
Under “SE Framework”
It oversees the systems engineering processes and plays a role in monitoring, directing, controlling, and reporting.
SE Management
Under “SE Framework”
what is the most critical part of the SE Framework?
SE Management
— That is why it is centrally placed in the framework
Under “SE Framework”
— they are the tools available to help managers and process people.
— Tools range from techniques and processes through information system to standards
SE Tools
It is a type of SE Tool that include popular engineering standards and capability maturity models
Management tools
It is a type of SE Tool that include requirement management systems, and assorted analysis, synthesis, and evaluation tools
Process tools
Systems Engineering relies on the continual application of the simple problem-solving process of _____, ______, and _____.
— analysis
— synthesis
— evaluation
Which among the 3 (Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation?)
— It commences with perceived need for the system.
— It continues throughout the acquisition phase
— Where development of formal requirements takes place.
— describes what the system will do and how well it will do
Analysis
Which among the 3 (Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation?)
— It is the DESIGN and CREATION function
— describes how we can achieve the purpose and performance of a system
Synthesis
Which among the 3 (Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation?)
– performed to investigate tradeoffs between requirements and design, consider alternatives, and make decisions.
– Its ouput is the selection or confirmation of design
— may result in a set of discrepancies
Evaluation
