GEP M1-4 PRELIMS Flashcards
Refers to concern for the environment, specifically
actions or advocacies to limit the negative impacts of man to the environment
Environmentalism
Keyword: LIMIT… MAN
[Environmentalism or Ecologism?]
Born out of ecological thought but stunted on its rootedness
Environmentalism
[Environmentalism or Ecologism?]
Focuses on shallow advocacies
Environmentalism
A new political ideology based on the position that the non-human world is worthy of moral consideration
Ecologism
Key-word: NON-HUMAN
[Environmentalism or Ecologism?]
Defends radical reform of society, zero economic growth and a reduction of population, and the protection of nature against every
form of irreversible destruction
Ecologism
keyword RADICAL
[Environmentalism or Ecologism?]
Focuses on the partnership between human and nature
Ecologism
[Environmentalism or Ecologism?]
It takes to account that man is only “part” of the ecology of life
Ecologism
True or False
One of the criticism of Ecologism is it is too ideal, majority of the people cannot build a utopic society
True
True or False
We cannot deny the industrial man
True
True or False
People can adopt to deep rooted ecologism
False. Because we cannot deny the industrial man
_____% of the population is still relying in industrialization
50%
True or False
One of the possible solutions to help the environment is to promote a balance and meaningful ecologism
False.
promote a balance and meaningful “environmentalism”
Definition of _____:
- Has a wide range of definitions, meanings and interpretations.
- Nature
- Related to notion of wilderness and of pristine landscapes that have not yet influenced by human activities
Environment
It is the process which all people and communities come to experience an increasingly common economic, social and cultural environment. A process that affects everybody throughout the world.
Globalization
True or False
Some recognizes ecologism as a continuing process which advance global technological development and communications has also negative impacts on the balance
False.
Globalization instead of Ecologism
True or False
Globalization has improved the quality of life in several developing nations
True
such as Transportation system, and
accessibility to services like education and healthcare.
True or False
Globalization has a short-lived impact on the environment.
False.
Lasting Impact
ENUMERATE:
4 lasting impact of Globalization on the environment:
– Increased transport of goods
– Economic Specialization
– Decreased Biodiversity
– Increased Awareness
It deals specifically about environmental problems in a global context.
Global Environmental Politics
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS deals specifically about environmental problems in a global context, such as (Give 4)
- International treaties
- Climate change
- The ozone layer
- International environmental NGOs
The increased transport of goods can impact the environment in 3 different ways, such as:
– Increased Emissions
– Habitat Destruction
– Invasive Species
________ Open businesses which they can sell goods and source labor, raw materials and components. Finished products travel farther now, halfway around the world.
Increased Transport of Goods
True or False
The more fuel is consumed, the lesser greenhouse gas emissions
False. Greater GHG
Defition of _____:
One over-looked side effect of globalization is that it allows nations and geographical regions to focus on economic strength – often boost productivity and efficiency
Economic Specialization
3 Impacts of Economic Specialization [Over specialization] that affects the environment
– Illegal Deforestation
– Overfishing in coastal areas
– Overdependence on cash crops
Increased greenhouse gas emissions, ocean acidification, deforestation, climate change and the
introduction of invasive species all contributed to the reduction of _____ around the globe
biodiversity
On _______ – UN General Assembly adopted the UN
Millenium Declaration – called for a global partnership
to reduce extreme poverty
September 2000
______ is the First ever quantifiable targets to be agreed upon by all UN
member states
Millenium Development Goals
Former UN SecGen ______ established the eight (8) objectives – deadline set in _____.
– Kofi Annan
– 2015
Former UN SecGen Kofi Annan established the eight (8) objectives – deadline set in 2015, which are:
*Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
* Achieve universal primary education
* Promote gender equality and empower women
* Reduce child mortality
* Improve maternal health
* Combat HIV-AIDS, malaria and other diseases
* Ensure environmental sustainability
* Develop a global partnership for development
True or False
One of the specific targets set out by the SDGs has been both regionally and thematically
unbalanced
False.
MDG instead of SDG
MDG follows a ______ approach. choosing some but not all. Attributed that the MDGs only applied to countries of the Global South
Piecemeal
_____ Definition:
Uniformly applicable to all countries – removing developing vs developed dichotomy
Sustainable Development Goals
______ is focused on a global development with and for sustainability – demonstrate an understanding that ______ is not an add-on or opposition to
sustainable development but rather the base that
underpins all other goals
– SDG
– Environment
True or False
SDG Empowers non-state actors to act
True
True or False
The monitoring kf SDG will be focused at the remote provinces where great amount of implementation and monitoring
will occur
False. Should monitor national level, cities and
urban areas
3 Challenges of SDG
- Missing out on integration potential
- Data and monitoring challenges
- Financing and North-South divide
What should we aim to be (Para ma-achieve ang meaningful environmentalism)
Ecological Man
The opposite of ecological Man
INdustrial Man
It is a sub-field of Political Science which deals with the
convergence of international political and economic forces
International political economy (IPE)
is also responsible for giving the most mainstream
discussion on Globalization
International political economy (IPE)
____ became the major basis of
defining Globalization
Economic globalization
___ is often associated with Western liberalism
Globalization
Powerful nations having dominant ______. These control global markets and they are representatives of the interests of their home nations
multi-national
corporations (MNCs)
In the era of ______, there is no denying
about the value of global trade, investment and finance
economic globalization
True or False
International economic relationships have important
implications for natural environment. These can contribute to environmental problems or
solutions
true
Positive benefit of International economic relationships?
Environmental benefits being attached to the economic growth that global economic transactions seek to facilitate
Negatives of International economic relationships?
It is important that environmental policies do
“restrict” global economic transactions
Around_____ (what year?), debates between global
political economy and the environment erupted
in full force
1990s
There has been a long standing and heated debate over the impact of trade to the environment.
What are the 2 different perspectives?
– NEOCLASSICAL (focuses on supply and demand
as the driving forces of production)
– ECOLOGICAL ECONOMISTS (Social metabolism has damaging impact)
Whose perspective?
- Social metabolism has damaging impact
* Ex. Shifting of industrial countries from
biomass energy to fossil fuels (India, China
and Brazil)
Ecological Economists
Mechanisms of global governance that deal
with trade and environmental issues include
__________ as well as _________
– international agreements on trade
– international environmental agreements
Whose perspective?
trade has positive environmental implications related to efficiency BUT trade restrictions can lead to the domestic UNDERPRICING of resources which encourages their OVERUSE
NEOCLASSICAL
HOW MANY countries took global action plan to tackle climate change
195 countries
It Gives the world a framework for avoiding
dangerous impacts of climate change
Paris agreement (2015)
REASONS why Paris Agreement is good for
economies:
* Climate action could produce $_____
globally in economic benefits thru low
* Climate related disasters cost nearly $___ trillion
over the past 2 decades
– $26 trillion
– $2.3 trillion
REASONS why Paris Agreement is good for
economies:
Can create how many million new jobs?
24 M
REASONS why Paris Agreement is good for
economies:
Subsidizing the fossil fuel industry up to $____trillion
5 trillion
true or false
Climate action under the Paris Agreement can drive sustainable economic growth
true
Enumerate 7 REASONS why Paris Agreement is good for economies:
– Climate action could produce $26 trillion
globally in economic benefits thru low carbon economy
– Can create 24 million new jobs
* Climate related disasters cost nearly $2.3 trillion
over the past 2 decades
* Air pollution poses a huge financial burden
* Subsidizing the fossil fuel industry up to $5 trillion
* Investors wanted the governments to act now
* Climate action under the Paris Agreement can drive sustainable economic growth
what policy?
to facilitate the attainment and maintenance of rational and orderly balance between socio-economic development and environmental protection
PD no. 1586 or Environment Impact Assessment System
Considered as expansion of the real freedoms and capabilities
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Allow liberties to expand such as economic growth, increased personal income, technological progress/modernization
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Attention has been also given to the role of natural resources and the environment – pointed out that “environment as a limit to
____”
economic growth
The effects of economic growth and development on the environmental quality has ____ relation
opposite causal
Too much carbon in the atmosphere and to the ocean waters – it increases the ____, that cause the planet to become
warmer than normal.
greenhouse effect
Causes: burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial activities which results to climate disruption
AIR POLLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE
4 solutions to air pollution and climate change?
– Replacing FF with RE, reforestation,
– reducing emissions from agriculture,
– change in industrial processes
Occurs when forests are being converted to non-forest uses – road construction and agriculture.
Deforestation
According to FAO, forests cover ___% of the world area (2020) – about half before agriculture started around ____ years ago
– 31%
– 11,000
What can be the solution to deforestation?
Conservation that needs to have strong governance
According to UN, it estimates that about ____ hectares of land are degraded
12 million
Solution to Soil Degradation?
Conservation and restoration,
– from no-till agriculture (valuable in drought-
prone areas)
– to crop rotation
– to water-retention through terrace-building
_______ called for a global partnership to reduce extreme poverty
UN Millenium Declaration
_____ adopted the UN Millenium Declaration called for a global partnership to reduce extreme poverty
UN General Assembly
First ever quantifiable targets to be agreed upon by all UN member states
Millenium Development Goals (2000-2015)
Piecemeal Approach. Attributed that the MDGs only applied to countries of the ___
Global South
SDG Focused on a global development with and for sustainability – demonstrate an understanding that ____ is not an add-on or opposition to sustainable development but rather the base that
underpins all other goals
environment
what year is the paris agreement?
2015
It is a process that affects everybody throughout the world
Globalization
Some recognizes this as a continuing process which advance global
technological development and communications has also negative impacts on
the balance
Globalization
the process which all people and communities come to experience an increasingly common economic, social and cultural environment
Globalization
