SYS ENG [M8 PT1 - PT2] Flashcards
____ determines whether the system/product will operate effectively once developed and implemented. It ensures that th system/product will work in the existing org environment
Operational Feasibility
The probability that a system/product will accomplish its designated mission in a satisfactory manner for a given period when used under speciffied operating conditions
reliability
The 4 elements of (Design for) Reliability are?
– Probability
– Satisfactory Performance
– Time
– Specified Operating Conditions
PSTS
___, a measure of reliability, is determined from the probability that a system or product will be successful for at least some specified time.
it is also known as ___
– The Reliability Function AKA Survival Function
– R (t) = 1-F (t)
___, a measure of Reliability, is the rate at which failures occur in a specified time interval. It is expressed as ____.
The Failure Rate, expressed as Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)
____ the predicted elapsed time between inherent failures of a device or a system, during normal system operation.
MTBF
T or F
Reliability as an inherent characteristics of design, must be addressed in the overall systems engineering process beginning in the preliminary design phase.
FALSE.
beginning in the conceptual design phase.
T or F
Qualitative & quantitative reliability requirements are developed through the accomplishment of feasibility analysis, the development of operational requirements and maintenance concept, and the identification and prioritization of TPMs.
T
What are the 6 Reliability ANALYSIS Methods
— FMECA (Failure mode, Effects, and criticality analysis)
— Ishikawa (Fishbone Diagram)
— FTA (Fault Tree Analysis
— Stress - Strength Analysis
— Reliability Predictions
— Reliability Growth Analysis
FIFS RR
one of the reliability analysis methods
A design technique that can be applied to and investigate potential identify system weaknesses. It includes the necessary steps for examining all ways in which a system failure can effects of failure on performance & occur, the potential systems safety & the seriousness of these effects
FMECA
FAILURE MODE, EFFECTS AND CRITICALITY ANALYSIS
one of the reliability analysis methods
A cause-and-effect discovery tool that helps figure out the reason(s) for defects, variations or failures within a process. In other words, it helps break down, in successive layers, root causes that potentially contribute to an effect. Sometimes called an Ishikawa diagram or cause-and-effect analysis, a fishbone diagram is one of the main tools used in a root cause analysis.
Ishikawa
one of the reliability analysis methods
A deductive approach involving the graphical enumeration and analysis of different ways in which a particular failure can occur and the probability of its occurrence. It maybe applied during the early stages of design, is oriented to specific failure modes and is developed using a top-down structure.
FTA
one of the reliability analysis methods
Often undertaken to evaluate the probability of identifying situations where the value of stress is much larger (or the strength much less than) the nominal value.
Stress - Strength Analysis
Bonus:
– Stress is defined as the strength of a material per unit area or unit strength. It is the force on a member divided by area, which carries the force, Express in psi.
– Strength of a material is its ability to withstand an applied load without failure or plastic deformation.
one of the reliability analysis methods
are accomplished at different times in the system development process & will vary depending on the type of data available. The predicted values of R, MTBF, etc. are compared against the requirements & areas of incompatibility are evaluated for possible design improvements.
Reliability Predictions
one of the reliability analysis methods
It answers the question “What changes can be incorporated in system design in order to realize the necessary “growth” required to meet the specified requirements of the system?”
Reliability growth analysis
It is the ability to retain an item or machine in its original state and good working condition after maintenance is applied by skilled workers
Maintainability
Maintainability as a characteristic of design can be defined on the basis of a combination of the following factors, which are? (Give 3)
— Maintenance Times
— Maintenance Frequency
— Maintenance Cost
What are 5 Maintenance Elapsed Time Factors?
— Maintenance (M) Elapsed Time Factors
— M. Labor Hour Factors
— M. Frequency Factors
— M. Cost Factors
— Related M. Factors
What are Maintenance Elapsed Time Factors (Give 9)
— Mean Corrective M. Time
— Mean Preventive M. Time
— Mean Active M. Time
— Median Active Corrective M. Time
— Median Active Preventive M. Time
— Maximum Active Corrective M. Time
Time
— LDT = Logistics Delay Time
— ADL = Administrative Delay Time
— MDT = Maintenance Downtime
What are M. Labor Hour (MLH) Factors (Give 4)
- MLH/OH [per System Operating Hour]
- MLH/Cycle [per Cycle of System Operation]
- MLH/month [per month]
- MLH/MA [per Maintenance Action]
What are M. Frequency Factors (Give 2)
MTBM = Mean time between Maintenance
MTBR = “” Replacement
What are M. Cost Factors (Give 5)
$ = Maintenance Cost
– $ / MA
– $ / OH
– $ / Month
– $ / Mission [Mission or Mission Segment]
– Ratio of $:Total Life Cycle Cost
Read only: Related Maintenance Factors
- Supply responsiveness or the probability of having a spare part available when needed, spare part demand rates, supply lead times for given items, levels of inventory, etc.
- Test and support equipment effectiveness or the reliability and availability of test equipment, test equipment use, system test thoroughness
- Maintenance facility availability and use
- Transportation modes, times between maintenance facilities and
frequency - Maintenance organizational effectiveness and personnel efficiency
- Data & information processing capacity, time & frequency
True or False
Maintainability must be an inherent consideration within the overall system engineering process beginning during the conceptual design phase.
True
T or F
Qualitative and quantitative maintainability requirements are developed through the accomplishment of feasibility analysis, the development of operational requirements and maintenance concept, and the identification and prioritization of TPMS
t
(Statement)
Through the subsequent process of analysis, synthesis & evaluation, a specific design approach is selected for determining the “________”, which leads to the identification of “human requirements” for the system.
how, or the manner by which the functions will be accomplished
Hierarchy of Human Activity. (Probably arranged in order)
___ - completion of a function that normally includes the COMBINATION of duties and tasks.
___ - SET of related TASKS within a given job operation.
___ - constitutes a composite of related activities performed by an Individual in accomplishing a prescribed amount of WORK in a SPECIFIED ENVIRONMENT
___ - depending on the complexity of a task, it maybe BROKEN DOWN into this
___ - may be categorized as per smallest definable facet of activity that requires individual BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES in completing a task or subtask
– Job Operation
– DUTY
– TASKS
– Sub Tasks
– Task Element
What are the 4 Personal Factors under Design for Usability (Human Factors)?
– Anthropometric Factors
– Human Sensory Factors
– Physiological Factors
– PSychological Factors
Which one of the 4 Personal Factors:
- Physical DIMENSIONS of the human body
- Weight, height, arm reach, hand size, etc.
- When designing systems, the designer must consider the physical dimensions of the human body
– Anthropometric Factors
Which one of the 4 Personal Factors:
Considers Vision, Hearing, Smell, Feeling/Touch, and Balance (Vestibular Senses) in Designing for Usability
Specifically:
Vision = Considering degrees of the eyes and head rotation
Hearing = Focuses on the noise level
HUman Sensory Factors
Which one of the 4 Personal Factors:
Considers the effects of environmental stresses (or strain) on the human body while performing system tasks
– Physiological Factors
___ refers to any aspect of external activity or the enviornment acting on the individual performing a system task, to cause a derading effect
stress
___ is the consequences of stress
strain
The sources of stress include (give 4 specific examples)
– Temperature extremes
– Humidity
– Vibration
– Noise
Which one of the 4 Personal Factors:
___ pertain to the human mind and the aggregate of emotions, traits, and behavioral patterns as they relate to job performance
Psychological Factors
2 measures in Human Factors
Effectiveness
Efficiency
____: Refers to the accomplishement of a system operational and maintenance functions in a specified manner within the desired time frame and without inducing in the process
Effectiveness
____: Means that the functions must be accomplished at a minimum total life cycle cost
Efficiency
4 HUman Factors analysis methods
– OTA = Operator Task Analysis
– OSD = Operational Sequence Diagram
– Error Analysis
– Safety / Hazard Analysis
One of the Human Factors analysis methods that involves a systematic study of the HUMAN BEHAVIOR characteristics associated with the COMPLETION of system tasks.
– OTA = Operator Task Analysis
One of the Human Factors analysis methods used to aid in evaluating the FLOW OF INFORMATION from the point when the operator first becomes involved with the system to the completion of the mission.
– OSD = Operational Sequence Diagram
One of the Human Factors analysis methods is that an error occurs when a human action exceeds some limit of acceptability, where the limits of acceptable performance have been defined.
Error Analysis
Bonus:
Possible causes of Errors
* inadequate work space & work layout
* inadequate design of facilities, equipment & control panels for human factors
* poor environmental condition inadequate lighting, high or low temperature, high noise level
* inadequate training, job aids & procedures
* poor supervision - lack of communications, no feedback, lack of good planning
Under Error Analysis
_____ when a task is performed incorrectly
_____ when a human fails to perform necessary tasks
– Errors of Commission
– Errors of Omission
One of the Human Factors analysis methods where safety pertains to both personnel & other elements of the system and Hazard is classified into different categories.
– Safety / hazard Analysis
What are the 4 Classifications of Hazards in Safety/Hazard Analysis?
– Negligible Hazard
– Marginal Hazard
– Critical hazard
– Catastrophic Hazard
One of the Classifications of Hazards in Safety/Hazard Analysis where this hazard results in personnel injury or eqpt damage
Negligible Hazard
One of the Classifications of Hazards in Safety/Hazard Analysis where this hazard can be controlled without personnel injury or major system damage
Marginal Hazard