SYS ENG [M8 PT1 - PT2] Flashcards
____ determines whether the system/product will operate effectively once developed and implemented. It ensures that th system/product will work in the existing org environment
Operational Feasibility
The probability that a system/product will accomplish its designated mission in a satisfactory manner for a given period when used under speciffied operating conditions
reliability
The 4 elements of (Design for) Reliability are?
– Probability
– Satisfactory Performance
– Time
– Specified Operating Conditions
PSTS
___, a measure of reliability, is determined from the probability that a system or product will be successful for at least some specified time.
it is also known as ___
– The Reliability Function AKA Survival Function
– R (t) = 1-F (t)
___, a measure of Reliability, is the rate at which failures occur in a specified time interval. It is expressed as ____.
The Failure Rate, expressed as Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)
____ the predicted elapsed time between inherent failures of a device or a system, during normal system operation.
MTBF
T or F
Reliability as an inherent characteristics of design, must be addressed in the overall systems engineering process beginning in the preliminary design phase.
FALSE.
beginning in the conceptual design phase.
T or F
Qualitative & quantitative reliability requirements are developed through the accomplishment of feasibility analysis, the development of operational requirements and maintenance concept, and the identification and prioritization of TPMs.
T
What are the 6 Reliability ANALYSIS Methods
— FMECA (Failure mode, Effects, and criticality analysis)
— Ishikawa (Fishbone Diagram)
— FTA (Fault Tree Analysis
— Stress - Strength Analysis
— Reliability Predictions
— Reliability Growth Analysis
FIFS RR
one of the reliability analysis methods
A design technique that can be applied to and investigate potential identify system weaknesses. It includes the necessary steps for examining all ways in which a system failure can effects of failure on performance & occur, the potential systems safety & the seriousness of these effects
FMECA
FAILURE MODE, EFFECTS AND CRITICALITY ANALYSIS
one of the reliability analysis methods
A cause-and-effect discovery tool that helps figure out the reason(s) for defects, variations or failures within a process. In other words, it helps break down, in successive layers, root causes that potentially contribute to an effect. Sometimes called an Ishikawa diagram or cause-and-effect analysis, a fishbone diagram is one of the main tools used in a root cause analysis.
Ishikawa
one of the reliability analysis methods
A deductive approach involving the graphical enumeration and analysis of different ways in which a particular failure can occur and the probability of its occurrence. It maybe applied during the early stages of design, is oriented to specific failure modes and is developed using a top-down structure.
FTA
one of the reliability analysis methods
Often undertaken to evaluate the probability of identifying situations where the value of stress is much larger (or the strength much less than) the nominal value.
Stress - Strength Analysis
Bonus:
– Stress is defined as the strength of a material per unit area or unit strength. It is the force on a member divided by area, which carries the force, Express in psi.
– Strength of a material is its ability to withstand an applied load without failure or plastic deformation.
one of the reliability analysis methods
are accomplished at different times in the system development process & will vary depending on the type of data available. The predicted values of R, MTBF, etc. are compared against the requirements & areas of incompatibility are evaluated for possible design improvements.
Reliability Predictions
one of the reliability analysis methods
It answers the question “What changes can be incorporated in system design in order to realize the necessary “growth” required to meet the specified requirements of the system?”
Reliability growth analysis
It is the ability to retain an item or machine in its original state and good working condition after maintenance is applied by skilled workers
Maintainability
Maintainability as a characteristic of design can be defined on the basis of a combination of the following factors, which are? (Give 3)
— Maintenance Times
— Maintenance Frequency
— Maintenance Cost
What are 5 Maintenance Elapsed Time Factors?
— Maintenance (M) Elapsed Time Factors
— M. Labor Hour Factors
— M. Frequency Factors
— M. Cost Factors
— Related M. Factors
What are Maintenance Elapsed Time Factors (Give 9)
— Mean Corrective M. Time
— Mean Preventive M. Time
— Mean Active M. Time
— Median Active Corrective M. Time
— Median Active Preventive M. Time
— Maximum Active Corrective M. Time
Time
— LDT = Logistics Delay Time
— ADL = Administrative Delay Time
— MDT = Maintenance Downtime
What are M. Labor Hour (MLH) Factors (Give 4)
- MLH/OH [per System Operating Hour]
- MLH/Cycle [per Cycle of System Operation]
- MLH/month [per month]
- MLH/MA [per Maintenance Action]
What are M. Frequency Factors (Give 2)
MTBM = Mean time between Maintenance
MTBR = “” Replacement
What are M. Cost Factors (Give 5)
$ = Maintenance Cost
– $ / MA
– $ / OH
– $ / Month
– $ / Mission [Mission or Mission Segment]
– Ratio of $:Total Life Cycle Cost
Read only: Related Maintenance Factors
- Supply responsiveness or the probability of having a spare part available when needed, spare part demand rates, supply lead times for given items, levels of inventory, etc.
- Test and support equipment effectiveness or the reliability and availability of test equipment, test equipment use, system test thoroughness
- Maintenance facility availability and use
- Transportation modes, times between maintenance facilities and
frequency - Maintenance organizational effectiveness and personnel efficiency
- Data & information processing capacity, time & frequency
True or False
Maintainability must be an inherent consideration within the overall system engineering process beginning during the conceptual design phase.
True
T or F
Qualitative and quantitative maintainability requirements are developed through the accomplishment of feasibility analysis, the development of operational requirements and maintenance concept, and the identification and prioritization of TPMS
t
(Statement)
Through the subsequent process of analysis, synthesis & evaluation, a specific design approach is selected for determining the “________”, which leads to the identification of “human requirements” for the system.
how, or the manner by which the functions will be accomplished
Hierarchy of Human Activity. (Probably arranged in order)
___ - completion of a function that normally includes the COMBINATION of duties and tasks.
___ - SET of related TASKS within a given job operation.
___ - constitutes a composite of related activities performed by an Individual in accomplishing a prescribed amount of WORK in a SPECIFIED ENVIRONMENT
___ - depending on the complexity of a task, it maybe BROKEN DOWN into this
___ - may be categorized as per smallest definable facet of activity that requires individual BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES in completing a task or subtask
– Job Operation
– DUTY
– TASKS
– Sub Tasks
– Task Element
What are the 4 Personal Factors under Design for Usability (Human Factors)?
– Anthropometric Factors
– Human Sensory Factors
– Physiological Factors
– PSychological Factors
Which one of the 4 Personal Factors:
- Physical DIMENSIONS of the human body
- Weight, height, arm reach, hand size, etc.
- When designing systems, the designer must consider the physical dimensions of the human body
– Anthropometric Factors
Which one of the 4 Personal Factors:
Considers Vision, Hearing, Smell, Feeling/Touch, and Balance (Vestibular Senses) in Designing for Usability
Specifically:
Vision = Considering degrees of the eyes and head rotation
Hearing = Focuses on the noise level
HUman Sensory Factors
Which one of the 4 Personal Factors:
Considers the effects of environmental stresses (or strain) on the human body while performing system tasks
– Physiological Factors
___ refers to any aspect of external activity or the enviornment acting on the individual performing a system task, to cause a derading effect
stress
___ is the consequences of stress
strain
The sources of stress include (give 4 specific examples)
– Temperature extremes
– Humidity
– Vibration
– Noise
Which one of the 4 Personal Factors:
___ pertain to the human mind and the aggregate of emotions, traits, and behavioral patterns as they relate to job performance
Psychological Factors
2 measures in Human Factors
Effectiveness
Efficiency
____: Refers to the accomplishement of a system operational and maintenance functions in a specified manner within the desired time frame and without inducing in the process
Effectiveness
____: Means that the functions must be accomplished at a minimum total life cycle cost
Efficiency
4 HUman Factors analysis methods
– OTA = Operator Task Analysis
– OSD = Operational Sequence Diagram
– Error Analysis
– Safety / Hazard Analysis
One of the Human Factors analysis methods that involves a systematic study of the HUMAN BEHAVIOR characteristics associated with the COMPLETION of system tasks.
– OTA = Operator Task Analysis
One of the Human Factors analysis methods used to aid in evaluating the FLOW OF INFORMATION from the point when the operator first becomes involved with the system to the completion of the mission.
– OSD = Operational Sequence Diagram
One of the Human Factors analysis methods is that an error occurs when a human action exceeds some limit of acceptability, where the limits of acceptable performance have been defined.
Error Analysis
Bonus:
Possible causes of Errors
* inadequate work space & work layout
* inadequate design of facilities, equipment & control panels for human factors
* poor environmental condition inadequate lighting, high or low temperature, high noise level
* inadequate training, job aids & procedures
* poor supervision - lack of communications, no feedback, lack of good planning
Under Error Analysis
_____ when a task is performed incorrectly
_____ when a human fails to perform necessary tasks
– Errors of Commission
– Errors of Omission
One of the Human Factors analysis methods where safety pertains to both personnel & other elements of the system and Hazard is classified into different categories.
– Safety / hazard Analysis
What are the 4 Classifications of Hazards in Safety/Hazard Analysis?
– Negligible Hazard
– Marginal Hazard
– Critical hazard
– Catastrophic Hazard
One of the Classifications of Hazards in Safety/Hazard Analysis where this hazard results in personnel injury or eqpt damage
Negligible Hazard
One of the Classifications of Hazards in Safety/Hazard Analysis where this hazard can be controlled without personnel injury or major system damage
Marginal Hazard
One of the Classifications of Hazards in Safety/Hazard Analysis where this hazard causeS personnel injury or major system damage and will require IMMEDIATE corrective action for personnel or system survival.
Critical hazard
One of the Classifications of Hazards in Safety/Hazard Analysis where this hazard causes death or severe injury or complete system loss
Catastrophic hazard
(difference from critical hazard = catastrophic hazards cannot be corrected anymore)
Personnel & Training Requirements. Which Skill level Classifications?
assumed to acquire an individual between 18 and 21 years of age, a high school graduate with a ninth grade general reading and writing level, with no regular work experience.
Basic Skill LEvel
Personnel & Training Requirements. Which Skill level Classifications?
over 21 years old, with 2 years of college or equivalent course work, with 2- 5 years of experience, can perform relatively complex tasks, where the interpretation of data site on-site preventive maintenance tasks.
Intermediate Skill Level
Personnel & Training Requirements. Which Skill level Classifications?
with 2 to 4 years of formal college, or equivalent course work in a technical institute, has taken several specialized trainings in various related fields, with at least 10 years of related on-the- job experience. He can be assigned to train and supervise basic and intermediate skill level personnel and can interpret procedures, accomplish complex tasks and make major decisions affecting system operating policies.
High Skill Level
The human factors (program) tasks can be categorized into three (3) basic areas:
A. Program Planning, Management, and Control (3 Program tasks)
B. Design and Analysis (9 Program tasks)
C. Tests and Evaluation (2 Program tasks)
One of the 3 Program Planning, Management, and Control Program tasks
Task Description and Application:
To develop this program task that identifies, integrates, and assists in the implementation of all management tasks applicable in fulfilling human factors engineering requirements. This plan includes a description of the human factors organization, organizational interfaces, a listing of tasks, task schedules and milestones, applicable policies and procedures, and projected resource requirements. This plan must tie directly into the System Engineering Management Plan (SEMP)
Human Factors Program Plan
One of the 3 Program Planning, Management, and Control Program tasks
Task Description and Application:
To establish initial human-factors requirements and to accomplish the necessary program review, evaluation, feedback, and control component supplier/subcontractor program activities. Supplier program plans are developed in response to requirements of the overall human-factors program plan for the system.
Review and Control of Suppliers or Subcontractors
One of the 3 Program Planning, Management, and Control Program tasks
Task Description and Application:
To conduct periodic program and design reviews at designated milestones: (e.g, conceptual design review, system design reviews, equipment/software design reviews, and critical design review). The objective is ensuring that human factors requirements will be achieved.
Human Factors Program Reviews
One of the 10 Design and Analysis Program tasks
Task Description and Application:
To determine the overall capabilities and the performance requirements for the system, and to develop appropriate mission scenarios identifying basic activity sequences. This should be accomplished as part of the system requirements definition process in conceptual design
System Analysis (Mission Analysis)
One of the 9 Design and Analysis Program tasks
Task Description and Application:
To identify the major functions that the systems is to perform (based on operational requirements) and to develop functional flow block diagrams defining system design requirements in functional terms. This task must track the system-level functional analysis
Functional Analysis
One of the 9 Design and Analysis Program tasks
Task Description and Application:
To conduct trade-off studies, evaluate, and determine the resources required in accomplishing the functions identified through the Functional Analysis activity (ie. determining the “hows” versus the “whats”), particularly in situations where there are human-machine interfaces.
Functional Allocation
One of the 9 Design and Analysis Program tasks
Task Description and Application:
To evaluate functions that are to be accomplished by the human, and to establish a hierarchical breakdown to the lowest level where human activity exists (ie., job operation, duty, task, subtask, and task element). Personnel quantity and skill-level requirements are identified through analysis.
Detailed Operator Task Analysis (OTA)
One of the 10 Design and Analysis Program tasks
Task Description and Application:
To identify the human-machine interfaces, and to develop a sequential flow of information, decisions, and actions through the generation of this
operational sequence diagrams (OSDs).
One of the 10 Design and Analysis Program tasks
Task Description and Application:
To evaluate human-operator activities throughout a given mission scenario (or through a number of designated scenarios) to determine the workload level (eg. the relationship between the maximum time allowed and the actual time for task performancel
Workload Analysis
One of the 10 Design and Analysis Program tasks
Task Description and Application:
To systematically determine the various way in which errors can be made by the human, and to make design recommendations to reduce the likelihood of such errors occurring in the future. This task is comparable to the reliability FMECA, except that the system/equipment failures are the result of human errors.
Error Analysis
One of the 10 Design and Analysis Program tasks
Task Description and Application:
To systematically evaluate through cause-and-effect analysis, the effects of system/equipment failures on safety. Although safety pertains to both personnel and equipment, the aspect of personnel safety is emphasized herein. This task ties in directly with the reliability FMECA and the human factors error analysis
Safety Analysis
One of the 10 Design and Analysis Program tasks
Task Description and Application:
To develop a three-dimensional physical model or a mockup of the system (or a component thereof) to demonstrate human-machine interfaces, spatial relationships, equipment layouts panel displays, accessibility provisions for maintenance, and so on.
Modules and/or Mock-ups
One of the 2 Test and Evaluation Program tasks
Task Description and Application:
To plan and implement a formal training program. This includes the determination of personnel training requirements (quantity of personnel and the skill levels desired as an output), categories of training, training equipment, training data, training facilities, mockups and models. special training aids, and so on. The plan should include a description of the training organization. a listing of tasks, task schedules and milestones policies and procedures, and projected resource requirements.
Training Program Reqs
One of the 2 Test and Evaluation Program tasks
Task Description and Application:
To plan and implement a program to physically demonstrate human-machine, interfaces task sequences, task times, personnel quality and skill-level requirements. the adequacy of operating procedures, the adequacy of personnel training, and so on. This test and evaluation activity is accomplished prior to entering production
Personnel Test and Evaluation
The ______ is defined as:
the logistics & supply chain activities associated with the initial purchasing & acquisition, manufacture/production, transportation/ distribution and installation of the system & its elements at the appropriate customer (user) operational site.
logistics and maintenance support infrastructure
The ______ is defined as:
the subsequent sustaining maintenance and support of the system throughout its entire life cycle.
logistics and maintenance support infrastructure
What are 9 basic elements of Logistics and Maintenance Support
– Logistics, Maintenance & Support Personnel
– Training and Training Support
– Supply Support (Spares, Repair Parts, and Assoc. Inv)
– Computer Resources (Hardware & Software)
– Technical Data, Reports, and Documentation
– Maintenance Support Facilities
– Packaging, Handling, Storage / Warehousing and Transportation
– Test, Measurement, handling & Support Equipment
– Logistics Information
LTS CTM PTL
MC TTT LLPS
One of the 9 basic elements of Logistics and Maintenance Support:
Refers to the resources necessary to ensure that an effective and efficient logistics and maintenance information flow is provided throughout the system life cycle, and to the organizations responsible for all of the functions and activities, including the necessary communication links among the customer, producer, subcontractors, suppliers, and supporting maintenance organizations.
Logistics Information
One of the 9 basic elements of Logistics and Maintenance Support:
All tools, condition monitoring equipment, diagnostic and check-out equipment, special test equipment, metrology, and calibration equipment, maintenance fixtures and stands, and special handling equipment required to support operational and maintenance functions throughout the system life cycle.
Test, Measurement, handling & Support Equipment
One of the 9 basic elements of Logistics and Maintenance Support:
> Includes all materials, equipment, special provisions, containers, and supplies necessary to support the packaging, safety, preservation, security, storage, handling, and/or transportation of the prime missionärelated elements of the system and the various elements of the logistics and maintenance support infrastructure throughout the system life cycle.
PACKAGING, HANDLING, STORAGE/ WAREHOUSING AND TRANSPORTATION
One of the 9 basic elements of Logistics and Maintenance Support:
All special facilities that are unique and are required to support the logistics and maintenance activities at all levels, including the physical plant, portable buildings, and mobile vans, fixed maintenance shops, warehouses and storage buildings, personnel housing structures, calibration laboratories, and special repair shops.
MAINTENANCE SUPPORT FACILITIES & UTILITIES
One of the 9 basic elements of Logistics and Maintenance Support:
> > Includes system installation and checkout procedures, operating and maintenance instructions, inspection and calibration procedures, overhaul procedures, modification instructions, facilities information, drawings and specifications, and associated databases that are necessary for the performance of system operation and maintenance functions.
TECHNICAL DATA, REPORTS & DOCUMENTATION
One of the 9 basic elements of Logistics and Maintenance Support:
All computers, associated software, connecting components, networks, special facilities, and interfaces necessary to support the day-to-day flow of information for all logistics and system maintenance support functions throughout the system life cycle.
– Computer Resources (Hardware & Software)
One of the 9 basic elements of Logistics and Maintenance Support:
> Includes all spares, repair parts, consumables, special supplies, software modules, and supporting inventories necessary to maintain the prime mission-related elements of the system and the various elements of the logistics and maintenance support infrastructure throughout the operational use phase and as required during the retirement and material recycling/disposal phase.
SUPPLY SUPPORT (SPARES, REPAIR PARTS & ASSOCIATED INVENTORIES
One of the 9 basic elements of Logistics and Maintenance Support:
> > > Personnel required to perform unique logistics and system maintenance activities
LOGISTICS, MAINTENANCE & SUPPORT PERSONNEL
One of the 9 basic elements of Logistics and Maintenance Support:
All personnel, materials, equipment, facilities, data, documentation, and associated resources necessary for the training of operators and maintenance personnel to include both initial and replenishment/replacement training.
TRAINING AND TRAINING SUPPORT
an integrated and iterative process for developing material and a support strategy that optimizes functional support, leveraging existing resources, and guides the system engineering process to quantify and lower life cycle cost and decrease the logistics footprint (demand for logistics), making the system easier to support.
Integrated Logistics Support (ILS)
Note:
Objectives:
1.deal with logistics and maintenance support from a total systems perspective
2. view the related requirements within the context of the entire life cycle
3. address the system life-cycle requirements early in the system design & development process
a multi-functional technical management discipline associated with the design, development, test, production, fielding, sustainment, & improvement modifications of cost-effective systems that achieve the user’s peacetime and wartime readiness requirements.
✔ Acquisition Logistics:
Note:
Objectives:
1. that support considerations are an integral part of the system’s design requirements
2. that the system can be cost-effectively supported throughout its life cycle
3. that the infrastructure elements necessary to the initial fielding and operational support of the system are identified, developed, and acquired
Enumerateeeeeeeee
Give 4 specific acquisition Logistics (Activities) ?
– the initial logistics planning
– a variety of design-related tasks throughout the system development process
> > the identification, procurement, processing, distribution, and installation of the required elements of support at the appropriate consumer/user’s operational sites
– the ongoing sustaining customer service and maintenance support of the system throughout its planned life cycle
Enumerate 10 Measures of Logisitcs and Supportability
– Supply Chain Factors
– Transportation And Packaging Factors
– Purchasing and Material Flow Factors
– Warehousing & Distribution Factors
– Undefined kasi typo [Assuming Supply Support factors?????]
– Maintenance Organization Factors
– Test & Support Equipment Factors
– Maintenance Facility Factors
– Undefined kasi typo [Assume Computer Resources Factors]
– Technical data & Information System Factors
Which of the 10 Measures of Logisitcs and Supportability
> Capability
> Availability
> Quality
Response time
> Total processing time
> Total cost of processing an item
Defect rate in terms of product delivery
SUPPLY CHAIN FACTORS
Which of the 10 Measures of Logisitcs and Supportability
> > Availability of transportation
Reliability of transportation
Time it takes to transport a product
Maintainability of a given transportation capability
Cost of transportation
Packaging quality and reliability
TRANSPORTATION AND PACKAGING FACTORS
Which of the 10 Measures of Logisitcs and Supportability
> > Time it takes to initiate and process a purchase order
Quantity of purchase orders processed
Quality of the purchasing process
> Items delivered complete
Items delivered on time
Complete and accurate documentation
> Items delivered in perfect condition and correct configuration
Quantity of materials processed in the factory
Time it takes to process materials
Quality of materials processed
Cost of materials processed
PURCHASING AND MATERIAL FLOW FACTORS
Which of the 10 Measures of Logisitcs and Supportability
> > Time it takes to ship a product
Cost of each shipment
Cost of inventory holding and management
Value of the products ship
Value of the overall inventory
The percentage of space utilization/cost per area of utilization
Volume of products handled or the total number of products processed
WAREHOUSING & DISTRIBUTION FACTORS
Which of the 10 Measures of Logisitcs and Supportability
> Reliability of the item to be spared
Quantity of items to be spared
> The availability of a spare when needed
Criticality of spares with regard to mission success
> Cost of spares
Assuming Supply support Factors
[not sure if ito tawag kasi typo]
Which of the 10 Measures of Logisitcs and Supportability
> Direct maintenance labor time
Indirect maintenance labor time/overhead cost
Personnel attrition rate or turnover rate
Personnel training rate
Number of maintenance work orders processed
Average administrative delay time
MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION FACTOR
Which of the 10 Measures of Logisitcs and Supportability
> > Anticipated operational availability of test equipment
MDT (mean downtime)
MTBM (mean time between maintenance)
TEST & SUPPORT EQUIPMENT FACTORS
Which of the 10 Measures of Logisitcs and Supportability
> Logistics response time
> Data access time
Item location time
Information processing time
Change implementation time
> Cost
TECHNICAL DATA & INFORMATION SYSTEM FACTORS
Which of the 10 Measures of Logisitcs and Supportability
> > Item process time or turnaround time
Facility utilization
Energy utilization
Total facility cost for system operation and support
Maintenance Facility Factors
Which of the 10 Measures of Logisitcs and Supportability
> > Reliability of computers and software
Quality of computers and software
Maintainability of computers and software
Software can be evaluated in terms of levels of complexity, number of programs, program length, cost of maintenance
Not sure ano tawag.
Assuming Computer Resources Factors
___ is a measure of the relative ease and
economy of producing an item and also includes the ability of the manufactured entity to be packaged, transported, and delivered to the point of use in a timely manner.
Producibility
This characteristics of design must be such that the item can be produced easily and economically, using conventional and flexible manufacturing methods and processes without sacrificing function, performance, effectiveness, or quality.
Design for Producibility
Essayy
Objectives of Desiging for Producibility?
— The quantity and variety of COMPONENTS utilized in system design should be held to a MINIMUM. common and standard items should be selected where possible
– The MATERIALS selected for constructing the system should be STANDARD, available in the quantities desired and at the appropriate times, and should possess the characteristics for easy fabrication and processing.
– The DESIGN configuration should be SIMPLE, to the extent that the system (or product) can be produced by more than one supplier.
– The DESIGN configuration should allow for the EASY ASSEMBLY (and disassembly as required) of system elements; assembly methods should be simple, repeatable, and economical and should not require the utilization of special tools and devices or high personnel skill levels.
THE ____ describes that the design, commercialization, and use of processes and products in a way that reduces pollution, promote sustainability and minimizes risk to human health and the environment without sacrificing economic viability and efficiency.
Green Engineering
note:
should be the goal of producers to continuously reduce the environmental impact of their products, production operations, utilization & disposal practices.
_____ a new concept that aims to harmonize design for manufacturability with the global ecology. it is also called _____
– Ecology Based Manufacturing
– Eco Factory
3 basic requirements of Ecology based Manuf
low energy consumption
limited use of scarce natural resources
re-cycling & re-use
What are 5 Manuf Principles when designing for Producibility?
- use gravity
-use fewer parts
-design for ease of fabrication
-reduce non-standard parts
add more functionality per part
____ includes consideration of the planning and processing related to recycling as a whole.
essential processes related to the disposal/ retirement of the system
Demanufacturing
3 Manufacturability principles (Demanufacturing) include?
– Reuse (Highest form of waste reduction)
– Remanufacturing (Refurbishing/Rebuilding product returned from customer)
– Recovery (From products to obtain raw materials of reusable components)
____ is defined as one that, at the ultimate end of its useful life, passes through disassembly and other reclamation processes to enable the reuse of non-hazardous and renewable materials.
Green Product
T or F
disposability is an important design-dependent parameter in product design and development under the ECDM paradigm.
T
______ is
a view of manufacturing that includes the social and technological aspects of the design, synthesis, processing, and use of products in continuous or discrete manufacturing industries.
Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing (ECDM)
t or f
Sustainable production is the creation of manufactured products that use processes that are non-polluting, conserve energy & natural resources, and are economically sound and safe for employees, communities & consumers.
t
A sustainable organization is one that addresses the “3Ps”, that is?
PROFIT, PEOPLE, and PLANET.
7 metrics for Sustainability?
– Resources (includes depletion, degradation, and utilization efficiency)
– Product (design, durability, useful life, quality, packaging)
– Employment (includes health, safety, security & worker satisfaction)
– Economic (value added by investment and production ethics)
– Society (community developmen t & social impacts)
– Environment (waste production, emissions and acoustics)
– Infrastructure (transport ease, and communications)
___ is also known as Economic Feasibility
Affordability
___ refers to all costs associated with the system as applied to the defined life cycle.
LIFE CYCLE COST
___ has the objective to justify the design decisions based on total system life cycle cost, & not just on system acquisition cost.
AFFORDABILITY
____ is the characteristics of the design and installation that impact total system cost and overall budgetary constraints
Affordability
LIFE Cycle Costs include 4 costs, which areeeee?
— RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT COSTS
— PRODUCTION & CONSTRUCTION COSTS
— OPERATION & SUPPORT COSTS
— RETIREMENT & DISPOSAL COSTS
One of the Life Cycle Costs
Includes costs associated with initial planning, market analysis, feasibility studies, product research, engineering design, and design documentation
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT COSTS
One of the Life Cycle Costs
Includes costs associated with manufacturing engineering analysis, facility construction, process production operations, and quality control.
PRODUCTION & CONSTRUCTION COSTS
One of the Life Cycle Costs
Includes costs related to customer or user operations of the system in the field, product distribution, and sustaining logistics support throughout the system or product life cycle.
OPERATION & SUPPORT COSTS
One of the Life Cycle Costs
Includes costs associated with the disposal of non-repairable items throughout the life cycle, system/ product retirement, material re-cycling, and applicable logistics support requirements.
RETIREMENT & DISPOSAL COSTS
_____ constitutes a functional breakdown of costs over the life cycle. it involves all costs related to the customer, contractor, supplier, and user activities over the entire life cycle.
Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS)
