SYS ENG [M5-M7] Essay Style Flashcards
The EARLY PHASE in the development Process where the foundational structure of the system is created
Preliminary System Design
Involve OUTLINING the overall architecture, components, and functionality of the system based on user requirements and objectives
Preliminary System Design
The Goal of Preliminary System Design?
— Develop clear outline w/o going into too much detail
– Make sure the design meets overall goal before moving to more detailed planning
What are the 5 Key Activities during Preliminary System Design
– Defining system architecture
– Interface Design
– Trade off analysis (1)
– Trade off analysis (2)
– Requirement Refinement
Define the 5 Key Activities during Preliminary System Design
– Defining system architecture
– Interface Design
– Trade off analysis (1)
– Trade off analysis (2)
– Requirement Refinement
– Defining system architecture
—— Establish major subsystems & components
– Interface Design
—— Determining HOW the components will INTERACT
– Trade off analysis (1)
—— Evaluating different design OPTIONS & CHOOSING the best one
– Trade off analysis (2)
—— Identifying potential technical & operational RISKS
– Requirement Refinement
—— Translating high-level REQUIREMENTS INTO more detailed system SPECIFICATIONS
Preliminary Design Requirements
— The “WHATS” Initiating Conceptual Design produce __________________ (Phrase).
— The Hows are taken into preliminary design through ___________________ (Phrase)
— Hows from the conceptual design evaluation effort
— The means of allocated Requirements
What is the Purpose of Preliminary Design Requirements
—- To ensure that all system components align with the user needs and operational goals
—- We can confirm that all system requirements are properly DEFINED, REFINED, & TRACEABLE
What are the 5 Technical Specifications
— System Specifications
— Development Specifications
— Product Specifications
— Process Specifications
— Material Specifications
SDPPM
One of the 5 Technical Specifications
Include the technical PERFORMANCE, operational and support characteristics, for the system as an ENTITY
System Specifications
One of the 5 Technical Specifications
Include the TR for any new item below the system level where research, design, and development are needed
Development Specifications
One of the 5 Technical Specifications
Include the TR for any item below the system level that is currently in inventory and can be procured “off-the-shelf”
Product Specifications
One of the 5 Technical Specifications
Include the TR associated w/ a process and/or service PERFORMED ON any element (machining, welding, mat’l handling, transpo)
Process Specifications
One of the 5 Technical Specifications
Include the TR which are the raw materials, liquids, semi-fabricated materials, and so on
Material Specifications
From the initial Functional analysis at the conceptual design stage, the established _____ are extended from the system level to the sub levels with the aim to translate these into physical allocations
Functional Flow Block Diagrams (FFBD)
During Functional Analysis and Allocation, How will each function be accomplished?
— By Evaluating each individual block of the FFBD
— Defining the necessary inputs and expected outputs
— Describing the external control and contraints
— Determining the mechanisms or Physical Resources required for accomplishing the function
True or False
During Requirements allocation, the higher level elements of the system are defined through the functional analysis and subsequently by partitioning (or grouping) similar functions into logical subdivisions, identifying major subsystems, configuration items, units, assemblies, modules, and so forth.
False. should be lower-level elements
What are 6 subsequent analytical tasks and associated documentation needed during functional analysis
– Reliability Analysis
– Maintainability Analysis
– Human Factors Analysis
– Maintenance and Logistics Support
– Producibility, Disposability, & Sustainability Analysis
– Affordability Analysis
One of the 6 subsequent analytical tasks and associated documentation needed during functional analysis is ______ that does:
Reliability models and block diagrams, FMEA, FTA, Reliability Prediction
– Reliability Analysis
One of the 6 subsequent analytical tasks and associated documentation needed during functional analysis is ______ that does:
Reliability centered maintenance (RCM), Level-of-repair Analysis (LORA), Total Productive maintenance (TPM)
– Maintainability Analysis
One of the 6 subsequent analytical tasks and associated documentation needed during functional analysis is ______ that does:
Operator task analysis (OTA), Safety Hazard analysis, Operational sequence diagrams
– Human Factors Analysis
One of the 6 subsequent analytical tasks and associated documentation needed during functional analysis is ______ that does:
Supply chain and supportability analysis
– Maintenance and Logistics Support
One of the 6 subsequent analytical tasks and associated documentation needed during functional analysis is ______ that does:
Analyze lifecycle and total ownership costs
– Affordability Analysis
Interfaces between different subsystems and components, including ____, _____, and ____, are identified and defined to ensure seamless communication and integration between different parts of the system
hardware, software, and human interactions,
What are the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria
— Design for functional Capability
— Design for Interoperability
— Design for Sustainability
— Design for Reliability
— Design for Maintainability
— Design for Usability & Safety
— Design for Security
— Design for Supportability and Serviceability
— Design for Producibility and Disposability
— Design for Affordability
One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:
Derived from the characteristics of the design that relate to the technical PERFORMANCE of the system
Design for Functional Capability
One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:
The ability of the system to operate SUCCESSFULLY in an environment where there are MANY other operating systems already in EXISTENCE
Design for interoperability
One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:
Applies to the sustaining operation and support of systems throughout their respective life cycles without causing any degradation to the ENVIRONMENT
Design for Sustainability
One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:
that character of design and installation concerned with the SUCCESSFUL OPERATION of the system throughout its planned mission and for the duration of its life cycle
Design for Reliability
One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:
That characteristics of designing installation that reflects the ease, accuracy, safety, and economy of performing MAINTENANCE actions.
Design for Maintainability
One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:
That characteristic of design concerned with the interfaces BETWEEN HUMAN and hardware, the human in software, the human and facilities, the human and information slash data, and so on.
Design for usability and safety
One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:
Pertains to those characteristics of design that will PREVENT one or more individuals from intentionally including faults that will destroy the system. cause harm to personnel, and or have an impact that will endanger society and the associated environment
Design for Security
One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:
Refers to the characteristics of design that ensure system can ultimately be serviced and supported effectively and efficiently throughout its planned life cycle
Design for supportability and serviceability
One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:
that characteristic of design that pertains to the east and economy with which a system or product can be produced
Design for producibility and disposability
One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:
refers to the characteristics of design and installation that impact total system costs and overall budgetary constraint
Design for affordability
What are 4 Engineering design tools and technologies?
— Computer Aided Design (CAD)
— Simulation Tools (MATLAB)
— Computer aided manufacturing (CAM)
— Computer Numerically controlled (CNC)
True or false
Risk Identification activities are conducted to prevent major design flaws and minimize potential risks before moving into detailed designed of the system development
tru
(hint: risk mangement tools)
Tools like ___ and ____ help identify, categorize, and analyze risks, while ___ examines the potential system failures
— Risk matrix
— Failure modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
While…
— Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
The 4 proposed configurations for subsystems and major elements of the system are:
– Synthesized
– Trade-off studies are conducted
– Alternatives are evaluated
– preferred design approach is selected
True or false
Tradeoff studies are conducted to evaluate different design options based on cost, performance, and risk. the purpose is to select the most balanced, and feasible design approach
true
____ is scheduled when
– functional reqs and allocations are defined
– Preliminary design layouts and detailed specifications are prepared
– system level tradeoff studies are conducted
Preliminary Design review (PDR)
Read only:
System review may cover a variety of topics including
– FUnctional analysis and allocation of requirement
– development, product, process, and material specifications
– Applicable Technical performance measures (TPMs)
– Significant design criteria for major elements
– trade-off study and analyses reports
– risk predictions
– applicable design data
ok
This phase of the system life cycle is a continuation of the iterative development process
Detailed design and development
With the ____ developed as an output of the conceptual system design phase and with the ___ derived during the preliminary design phase, the design team may now proceed with a reasonable confidence in the realization of specific components as well as the make up of the system configuration at the lowest level in the hierarchy
functional baseline
allocated baseline
During detail design requirements, specific requirements at this stage in the system design process are derived from the ______ and evolve through applicable ______.
– system specification (Type A)
– lower-level specifications (Type B-E)
Another answer:
Derived from system requirements analysis and allocation in conceptual and preliminary design.
The design review is continous and includes both
(1) ________________
(2) ________________
(1) Informal, on-going, iterative day-to-day review & evaluation
(2) scheduling of formal reviews at discrete points in the design and throughout system acquisition
IN selecting resources during Detailed Design and Development, what are 3 considerations.
– Select STANDARD COMPONENT that is commercially available
– MODIFY an EXISTING commercially off-the-shelf item
– Design and develop a NEW and UNIQUE COMPONENT to meet a specific functional req.
During Detailed design and development, the most cost-effective solution seems to favor the utilization of ____ components, as the acquisition cost, item availability time, and risk associated with meeting a give system technical requirement are likely to be less
Commercial of the shelf (COTS)
From the resulting decisions, the requirement for componen acquisition (procurement) will be covered through the preparation of:
– either a _____ or ____ for COTS components
– or a _______ for newly designed or modified components
– Product Specification Type C / Process Specification Type D
– Development Specification (type B)
Some uses and values of a mockup are that they:
(give 8)
For Design Engineers
— to EXPERIMENT w/ different facility layout, packaging scheme, panel displays BEFORE preparation of final design
– Provide a TOOL FOR conveying FINAL DESIGN approach during
for Reliability-Maintainability-human factors engineers
– to ACCOMPLISH a more effective review of the proposed design config.
– Provide a TOOL FOR THE ACCOMPLISHMENT of predictions and detailed task analyses
Misc:
– as excellent marketing tool
– To facilitate the training of the system operator of maintenance personnel
– used by Prod and IE personnel in developing fabrication and assembly processed and procedures in the design of factory tooling and associated test fixtures
– Tool at later stage in system life cycle for verification of a modification kit design prior to preparation of formal data and development of kit hardware, software, and supporting materials
Conventional methods of design documentation are :
– Design Drawings
– Material and Parts List
– Analyses and Reports (tradeoff study reports and supporting design decisions)
Tasks of System Engineers
Major Task: Conduct a system level verification; through Inspection > Analyses > Test > Demonstration
– Planning/Management to influence the direction that production will take
– Identify long lead time items to order beforehand
– Identify the need for specialized skill reqs. during production
– Check that the system is being built as designed
Read only
➢ Inspection
– verify a given layout and conduct checks in several production points.
➢ Analysis
- verify correctness of interface connections (e.g. analyze documentation
and certificates of COTS/MOTS sub-systems)
➢ Tests
- confirm that the correct target is met when tested for use
- involves approved test procedures, test instruments and data collection
➢ Demonstration
- test for functionality and intended use
ok
A formal evaluation process that ensures the system’s design and
implementation are consistent with established requirements, documentation, and baselines.
Configuration Audits
One of the Configuration Audits
Verifies that the system or component performs all required functions as specified in the functional and performance requirements.
Activities:
* Review test results from verification and validation activities.
* Ensure that all functional requirements in the specification are met.
* Confirm that the system complies with contractual obligations and operational needs.
Outputs:
o Evidence that the system performs as intended.
o A documented record of successful completion of functional requirements
Functional Configuration
One of the Configuration Audits
Confirms that the system’s “as-built” physical configuration matches the “as-designed”
configuration and that all design documentation is complete, accurate, and current.
Activities:
* Inspect the physical system to ensure it aligns with the documented design
specifications (e.g., drawings, material lists, and manufacturing instructions).
* Verify that all change requests have been properly implemented and documented.
* Ensure production processes and tools comply with requirements.
Outputs:
o Verification that the physical system matches the approved configuration.
o Confirmation that the design and production baselines are consistent.
Physical Configuration
Importance of Configuration Audits
1. _____. it ensures the system is produced to meet its intended
specifications and quality standards.
2. _____. it establishes confidence that the baseline configurations
are consistent and controlled during production.
3. _____. it provides traceability from requirements to the final product.
4. _____. It identifies and address discrepancies or non-conformities early
in production, reducing the likelihood of defects in the field.
Quality Assurance
Baseline Control
Traceability
Risk Mitigation
