SYS ENG [M5-M7] Essay Style

Question 1

The EARLY PHASE in the development Process where the foundational structure of the system is created

Answer 1

Preliminary System Design

Question 2

Involve OUTLINING the overall architecture, components, and functionality of the system based on user requirements and objectives

Answer 2

Preliminary System Design

Question 3

The Goal of Preliminary System Design?

Answer 3

— Develop clear outline w/o going into too much detail
– Make sure the design meets overall goal before moving to more detailed planning

Question 4

What are the 5 Key Activities during Preliminary System Design

Answer 4

– Defining system architecture
– Interface Design
– Trade off analysis (1)
– Trade off analysis (2)
– Requirement Refinement

Question 5

Define the 5 Key Activities during Preliminary System Design
– Defining system architecture
– Interface Design
– Trade off analysis (1)
– Trade off analysis (2)
– Requirement Refinement

Answer 5

– Defining system architecture
—— Establish major subsystems & components

– Interface Design
—— Determining HOW the components will INTERACT

– Trade off analysis (1)
—— Evaluating different design OPTIONS & CHOOSING the best one

– Trade off analysis (2)
—— Identifying potential technical & operational RISKS

– Requirement Refinement
—— Translating high-level REQUIREMENTS INTO more detailed system SPECIFICATIONS

Question 6

Preliminary Design Requirements
— The “WHATS” Initiating Conceptual Design produce __________________ (Phrase).

— The Hows are taken into preliminary design through ___________________ (Phrase)

Answer 6

— Hows from the conceptual design evaluation effort
— The means of allocated Requirements

Question 7

What is the Purpose of Preliminary Design Requirements

Answer 7

—- To ensure that all system components align with the user needs and operational goals
—- We can confirm that all system requirements are properly DEFINED, REFINED, & TRACEABLE

Question 8

What are the 5 Technical Specifications

Answer 8

— System Specifications
— Development Specifications
— Product Specifications
— Process Specifications
— Material Specifications

SDPPM

Question 9

One of the 5 Technical Specifications

Include the technical PERFORMANCE, operational and support characteristics, for the system as an ENTITY

Answer 9

System Specifications

Question 10

One of the 5 Technical Specifications

Include the TR for any new item below the system level where research, design, and development are needed

Answer 10

Development Specifications

Question 11

One of the 5 Technical Specifications

Include the TR for any item below the system level that is currently in inventory and can be procured “off-the-shelf”

Answer 11

Product Specifications

Question 12

One of the 5 Technical Specifications

Include the TR associated w/ a process and/or service PERFORMED ON any element (machining, welding, mat’l handling, transpo)

Answer 12

Process Specifications

Question 13

One of the 5 Technical Specifications

Include the TR which are the raw materials, liquids, semi-fabricated materials, and so on

Answer 13

Material Specifications

Question 14

From the initial Functional analysis at the conceptual design stage, the established _____ are extended from the system level to the sub levels with the aim to translate these into physical allocations

Answer 14

Functional Flow Block Diagrams (FFBD)

Question 15

During Functional Analysis and Allocation, How will each function be accomplished?

Answer 15

— By Evaluating each individual block of the FFBD
— Defining the necessary inputs and expected outputs
— Describing the external control and contraints
— Determining the mechanisms or Physical Resources required for accomplishing the function

Question 16

True or False

During Requirements allocation, the higher level elements of the system are defined through the functional analysis and subsequently by partitioning (or grouping) similar functions into logical subdivisions, identifying major subsystems, configuration items, units, assemblies, modules, and so forth.

Answer 16

False. should be lower-level elements

Question 17

What are 6 subsequent analytical tasks and associated documentation needed during functional analysis

Answer 17

– Reliability Analysis
– Maintainability Analysis
– Human Factors Analysis
– Maintenance and Logistics Support
– Producibility, Disposability, & Sustainability Analysis
– Affordability Analysis

Question 18

One of the 6 subsequent analytical tasks and associated documentation needed during functional analysis is ______ that does:

Reliability models and block diagrams, FMEA, FTA, Reliability Prediction

Answer 18

– Reliability Analysis

Question 19

One of the 6 subsequent analytical tasks and associated documentation needed during functional analysis is ______ that does:

Reliability centered maintenance (RCM), Level-of-repair Analysis (LORA), Total Productive maintenance (TPM)

Answer 19

– Maintainability Analysis

Question 20

One of the 6 subsequent analytical tasks and associated documentation needed during functional analysis is ______ that does:

Operator task analysis (OTA), Safety Hazard analysis, Operational sequence diagrams

Answer 20

– Human Factors Analysis

Question 21

One of the 6 subsequent analytical tasks and associated documentation needed during functional analysis is ______ that does:

Supply chain and supportability analysis

Answer 21

– Maintenance and Logistics Support

Question 22

One of the 6 subsequent analytical tasks and associated documentation needed during functional analysis is ______ that does:

Analyze lifecycle and total ownership costs

Answer 22

– Affordability Analysis

Question 23

Interfaces between different subsystems and components, including ____, _____, and ____, are identified and defined to ensure seamless communication and integration between different parts of the system

Answer 23

hardware, software, and human interactions,

Question 24

What are the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria

Answer 24

— Design for functional Capability
— Design for Interoperability
— Design for Sustainability
— Design for Reliability
— Design for Maintainability
— Design for Usability & Safety
— Design for Security
— Design for Supportability and Serviceability
— Design for Producibility and Disposability
— Design for Affordability

Question 25

One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:

Derived from the characteristics of the design that relate to the technical PERFORMANCE of the system

Answer 25

Design for Functional Capability

Question 26

One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:

The ability of the system to operate SUCCESSFULLY in an environment where there are MANY other operating systems already in EXISTENCE

Answer 26

Design for interoperability

Question 27

One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:

Applies to the sustaining operation and support of systems throughout their respective life cycles without causing any degradation to the ENVIRONMENT

Answer 27

Design for Sustainability

Question 28

One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:

that character of design and installation concerned with the SUCCESSFUL OPERATION of the system throughout its planned mission and for the duration of its life cycle

Answer 28

Design for Reliability

Question 29

One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:

That characteristics of designing installation that reflects the ease, accuracy, safety, and economy of performing MAINTENANCE actions.

Answer 29

Design for Maintainability

Question 30

One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:

That characteristic of design concerned with the interfaces BETWEEN HUMAN and hardware, the human in software, the human and facilities, the human and information slash data, and so on.

Answer 30

Design for usability and safety

Question 31

One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:

Pertains to those characteristics of design that will PREVENT one or more individuals from intentionally including faults that will destroy the system. cause harm to personnel, and or have an impact that will endanger society and the associated environment

Answer 31

Design for Security

Question 32

One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:

Refers to the characteristics of design that ensure system can ultimately be serviced and supported effectively and efficiently throughout its planned life cycle

Answer 32

Design for supportability and serviceability

Question 33

One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:

that characteristic of design that pertains to the east and economy with which a system or product can be produced

Answer 33

Design for producibility and disposability

Question 34

One of the 10 Preliminary Design Criteria:

refers to the characteristics of design and installation that impact total system costs and overall budgetary constraint

Answer 34

Design for affordability

Question 35

What are 4 Engineering design tools and technologies?

Answer 35

— Computer Aided Design (CAD)
— Simulation Tools (MATLAB)
— Computer aided manufacturing (CAM)
— Computer Numerically controlled (CNC)

Question 36

True or false

Risk Identification activities are conducted to prevent major design flaws and minimize potential risks before moving into detailed designed of the system development

Answer 36

tru

Question 37

(hint: risk mangement tools)

Tools like ___ and ____ help identify, categorize, and analyze risks, while ___ examines the potential system failures

Answer 37

— Risk matrix
— Failure modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

While…
— Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)

Question 38

The 4 proposed configurations for subsystems and major elements of the system are:

Answer 38

– Synthesized
– Trade-off studies are conducted
– Alternatives are evaluated
– preferred design approach is selected

Question 39

True or false

Tradeoff studies are conducted to evaluate different design options based on cost, performance, and risk. the purpose is to select the most balanced, and feasible design approach

Answer 39

true

Question 40

____ is scheduled when
– functional reqs and allocations are defined
– Preliminary design layouts and detailed specifications are prepared
– system level tradeoff studies are conducted

Answer 40

Preliminary Design review (PDR)

Question 41

Read only:

System review may cover a variety of topics including
– FUnctional analysis and allocation of requirement
– development, product, process, and material specifications
– Applicable Technical performance measures (TPMs)
– Significant design criteria for major elements
– trade-off study and analyses reports
– risk predictions
– applicable design data

Answer 41

ok

Question 42

This phase of the system life cycle is a continuation of the iterative development process

Answer 42

Detailed design and development

Question 43

With the ____ developed as an output of the conceptual system design phase and with the ___ derived during the preliminary design phase, the design team may now proceed with a reasonable confidence in the realization of specific components as well as the make up of the system configuration at the lowest level in the hierarchy

Answer 43

functional baseline
allocated baseline

Question 44

During detail design requirements, specific requirements at this stage in the system design process are derived from the ______ and evolve through applicable ______.

Answer 44

– system specification (Type A)
– lower-level specifications (Type B-E)

Another answer:
Derived from system requirements analysis and allocation in conceptual and preliminary design.

Question 45

The design review is continous and includes both
(1) ________________
(2) ________________

Answer 45

(1) Informal, on-going, iterative day-to-day review & evaluation
(2) scheduling of formal reviews at discrete points in the design and throughout system acquisition

Question 46

IN selecting resources during Detailed Design and Development, what are 3 considerations.

Answer 46

– Select STANDARD COMPONENT that is commercially available
– MODIFY an EXISTING commercially off-the-shelf item
– Design and develop a NEW and UNIQUE COMPONENT to meet a specific functional req.

Question 47

During Detailed design and development, the most cost-effective solution seems to favor the utilization of ____ components, as the acquisition cost, item availability time, and risk associated with meeting a give system technical requirement are likely to be less

Answer 47

Commercial of the shelf (COTS)

Question 48

From the resulting decisions, the requirement for componen acquisition (procurement) will be covered through the preparation of:

– either a _____ or ____ for COTS components

– or a _______ for newly designed or modified components

Answer 48

– Product Specification Type C / Process Specification Type D
– Development Specification (type B)

Question 49

Some uses and values of a mockup are that they:

(give 8)

Answer 49

For Design Engineers
— to EXPERIMENT w/ different facility layout, packaging scheme, panel displays BEFORE preparation of final design
– Provide a TOOL FOR conveying FINAL DESIGN approach during

for Reliability-Maintainability-human factors engineers
– to ACCOMPLISH a more effective review of the proposed design config.
– Provide a TOOL FOR THE ACCOMPLISHMENT of predictions and detailed task analyses

Misc:
– as excellent marketing tool
– To facilitate the training of the system operator of maintenance personnel
– used by Prod and IE personnel in developing fabrication and assembly processed and procedures in the design of factory tooling and associated test fixtures
– Tool at later stage in system life cycle for verification of a modification kit design prior to preparation of formal data and development of kit hardware, software, and supporting materials

Question 50

Conventional methods of design documentation are :

Answer 50

– Design Drawings
– Material and Parts List
– Analyses and Reports (tradeoff study reports and supporting design decisions)

Question 53

Tasks of System Engineers

Answer 53

Major Task: Conduct a system level verification; through Inspection > Analyses > Test > Demonstration

– Planning/Management to influence the direction that production will take
– Identify long lead time items to order beforehand
– Identify the need for specialized skill reqs. during production
– Check that the system is being built as designed

Question 54

Read only
➢ Inspection
– verify a given layout and conduct checks in several production points.
➢ Analysis
- verify correctness of interface connections (e.g. analyze documentation
and certificates of COTS/MOTS sub-systems)
➢ Tests
- confirm that the correct target is met when tested for use
- involves approved test procedures, test instruments and data collection
➢ Demonstration
- test for functionality and intended use

Answer 54

ok

Question 55

A formal evaluation process that ensures the system’s design and
implementation are consistent with established requirements, documentation, and baselines.

Answer 55

Configuration Audits

Question 56

One of the Configuration Audits

Verifies that the system or component performs all required functions as specified in the functional and performance requirements.
Activities:
* Review test results from verification and validation activities.
* Ensure that all functional requirements in the specification are met.
* Confirm that the system complies with contractual obligations and operational needs.
Outputs:
o Evidence that the system performs as intended.
o A documented record of successful completion of functional requirements

Answer 56

Functional Configuration

Question 57

One of the Configuration Audits

Confirms that the system’s “as-built” physical configuration matches the “as-designed”
configuration and that all design documentation is complete, accurate, and current.
Activities:
* Inspect the physical system to ensure it aligns with the documented design
specifications (e.g., drawings, material lists, and manufacturing instructions).
* Verify that all change requests have been properly implemented and documented.
* Ensure production processes and tools comply with requirements.
Outputs:
o Verification that the physical system matches the approved configuration.
o Confirmation that the design and production baselines are consistent.

Answer 57

Physical Configuration

Question 58

Importance of Configuration Audits
1. _____. it ensures the system is produced to meet its intended
specifications and quality standards.
2. _____. it establishes confidence that the baseline configurations
are consistent and controlled during production.
3. _____. it provides traceability from requirements to the final product.
4. _____. It identifies and address discrepancies or non-conformities early
in production, reducing the likelihood of defects in the field.

Answer 58

Quality Assurance
Baseline Control
Traceability
Risk Mitigation