System Disorders and Treatments - Platelet Disorders and Treatment (Arterial Clots, Venous Clots & Treatment)

Question 1

Arterial clots

Answer 1

Blood clots that occur inside the arteries

Question 2

Atherosclerosis

Answer 2

The adherence of cholesterol, RBCs, platelets, fibrin, and other substances to an injured arterial wall that can result in a heart attack or stroke

Question 3

Venous Clots

Answer 3

Clots that occur in veins, usually in deep veins within the legs

Question 4

Venous clots are generally characterized as ____

Answer 4

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Question 5

If a venous clot breaks off and travels through the bloodstream, it’s called ____

Answer 5

Embolus

Question 6

Leg DVTs often travel to the lungs, causing ____. It is usually painful and fatal

Answer 6

Pulmonary embolism (PE)

Question 7

A clot that develops in the heart can travel to the brain, causing a ____

Answer 7

Stroke

Question 8

Common causes of developing DVT are:

9 answers

Answer 8

• Trauma to blood vessels
• Clotting factor deficiencies
• Atrial fibrillation (A-fib), which means irregular heart rhythm
• Prosthetic heart valves
• Pregnancy
• Prolonged immobility
• Orthopedic surgery
• Certain cancers
• Estrogen use

Question 9

____ disrupt platelet aggregation to help prevent a clot from forming

Answer 9

Antiplatelet medications

Question 10

What are the common Oral Antiplatelet Medications?

5 answers

Answer 10

• Aspirin (Ecotrin)
• Persantine
• Clopidogrel (Plavix)
• Ticlopidine (Ticlid)
• Prasugrel (Effient)

Question 11

What are the common Intravenous Antiplatelet Medications?

2 answers

Answer 11

• Abciximab (Reopro)

* Eptifibatide (Integrilin)

Question 12

One of the major side effects of antiplatelet medications is ____

Answer 12

An increased risk of bleeding

Question 13

Anticoagulant medications disrupt the clotting pathway to ____

Answer 13

Slow or stop the clotting process

Question 14

Heparin

Answer 14

Medication used subcutaneously to prevent DVT in high-risk patients and intravenously to treat DVT and PE

Question 15

How does Heparin work?

Answer 15

Heparin works by inactivating factor Xa and preventing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

Question 16

Heparin doesn’t dissolve clots. It does what?

Answer 16

It prevents the clot from becoming bigger, and it also stops more clots from forming

Question 17

Prothrombin time (PT)

Answer 17

A lab test used to measure the outcome of heparin and adjust the heparin dose

Question 18

The main side effect of heparin is ____ and ____

Answer 18

• Bleeding

* Thrombocytopenia

Question 19

What do you call bleeding from Heparin?

Answer 19

Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia (HAT)

Question 20

What do you call thrombocytopenia from Heparin?

Answer 20

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)

Question 21

Warfarin

Answer 21

An oral anticoagulant that interrupts the coagulation pathway by preventing the activation of the vitamin K–dependent clotting factors

Question 22

Clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X activation depends on ____

Answer 22

Vitamin K

Question 23

It takes approximately ____ for warfarin to be fully effective due to the long half-lives of the factors

Answer 23

5 to 7 days

Question 24

Half-Life

Answer 24

The amount of time it takes for a concentration of a drug in the body to be reduced by one-half

Question 25

Warfarin effectiveness as an anticoagulant is monitored by a lab test called ____

Answer 25

international normalized ratio (INR)

Question 26

Warfarin is used as maintenance therapy to prevent ____, ____, and ____

Answer 26

• DVT
• PE
• Stroke

Question 27

One of the disadvantages of warfarin is that it interacts with many ____ and ____ and ____

Answer 27

• OTC
• Prescription medications
• Herbal supplements

Question 28

Some examples of newer oral anticoagulants are ____, ____, and ____

Answer 28

• Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
• Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
• Apixaban (Eliquis)

Question 29

Here are some of the advantages of new oral anticoagulants. These medications don’t:

(3 answers)

Answer 29

• Require routine lab tests to adjust dosage and measure effectiveness
• Have many drug-drug interactions
• Have many drug-herbal interactions

Question 30

One disadvantage is that a _____

Answer 30

Reversal agent to control bleeding may not be easily accessible

Question 31

All anticoagulants increase the risk of ____ and patients are instructed to take these medications exactly as prescribed

Answer 31

Bleeding

Question 32

Patients are also instructed to watch for any signs and symptoms of ____

Answer 32

Bleeding