System Disorders and Treatments - Platelet Disorders and Treatment (Arterial Clots, Venous Clots & Treatment) Flashcards
Arterial clots
Blood clots that occur inside the arteries
Atherosclerosis
The adherence of cholesterol, RBCs, platelets, fibrin, and other substances to an injured arterial wall that can result in a heart attack or stroke
Venous Clots
Clots that occur in veins, usually in deep veins within the legs
Venous clots are generally characterized as ____
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
If a venous clot breaks off and travels through the bloodstream, it’s called ____
Embolus
Leg DVTs often travel to the lungs, causing ____. It is usually painful and fatal
Pulmonary embolism (PE)
A clot that develops in the heart can travel to the brain, causing a ____
Stroke
Common causes of developing DVT are:
9 answers
- Trauma to blood vessels
- Clotting factor deficiencies
- Atrial fibrillation (A-fib), which means irregular heart rhythm
- Prosthetic heart valves
- Pregnancy
- Prolonged immobility
- Orthopedic surgery
- Certain cancers
- Estrogen use
____ disrupt platelet aggregation to help prevent a clot from forming
Antiplatelet medications
What are the common Oral Antiplatelet Medications?
5 answers
- Aspirin (Ecotrin)
- Persantine
- Clopidogrel (Plavix)
- Ticlopidine (Ticlid)
- Prasugrel (Effient)
What are the common Intravenous Antiplatelet Medications?
2 answers
- Abciximab (Reopro)
* Eptifibatide (Integrilin)
One of the major side effects of antiplatelet medications is ____
An increased risk of bleeding
Anticoagulant medications disrupt the clotting pathway to ____
Slow or stop the clotting process
Heparin
Medication used subcutaneously to prevent DVT in high-risk patients and intravenously to treat DVT and PE
How does Heparin work?
Heparin works by inactivating factor Xa and preventing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
Heparin doesn’t dissolve clots. It does what?
It prevents the clot from becoming bigger, and it also stops more clots from forming
Prothrombin time (PT)
A lab test used to measure the outcome of heparin and adjust the heparin dose
The main side effect of heparin is ____ and ____
- Bleeding
* Thrombocytopenia
What do you call bleeding from Heparin?
Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia (HAT)
What do you call thrombocytopenia from Heparin?
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Warfarin
An oral anticoagulant that interrupts the coagulation pathway by preventing the activation of the vitamin K–dependent clotting factors
Clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X activation depends on ____
Vitamin K
It takes approximately ____ for warfarin to be fully effective due to the long half-lives of the factors
5 to 7 days
Half-Life
The amount of time it takes for a concentration of a drug in the body to be reduced by one-half
Warfarin effectiveness as an anticoagulant is monitored by a lab test called ____
international normalized ratio (INR)
Warfarin is used as maintenance therapy to prevent ____, ____, and ____
- DVT
- PE
- Stroke
One of the disadvantages of warfarin is that it interacts with many ____ and ____ and ____
- OTC
- Prescription medications
- Herbal supplements
Some examples of newer oral anticoagulants are ____, ____, and ____
- Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
- Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
- Apixaban (Eliquis)
Here are some of the advantages of new oral anticoagulants. These medications don’t:
(3 answers)
- Require routine lab tests to adjust dosage and measure effectiveness
- Have many drug-drug interactions
- Have many drug-herbal interactions
One disadvantage is that a _____
Reversal agent to control bleeding may not be easily accessible
All anticoagulants increase the risk of ____ and patients are instructed to take these medications exactly as prescribed
Bleeding
Patients are also instructed to watch for any signs and symptoms of ____
Bleeding
