Cardiovascular System Disorders and Treatments - Hyperlipidemia Flashcards
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperlipidemia (or high cholesterol) is the increase in circulating concentration of cholesterol, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, or phospholipids
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is classified as steroid-based and is a primary component of the cell membrane
What are the two main types of cholesterol in the blood?
LDL and HDL
LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein)
Also known as “bad cholesterol”. High LDL is associated with as increased risk of heart disease and stroke
HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)
Also known as “good cholesterol”. High HDL is associated with a decreased risk of heart disease
Triglycerides are provided by ____ and ____
Dietary fats and hepatic conversion of carbohydrates
Carbohydrate
A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 and thus with the empirical formula Cₘₙ
Triglycerides are also considered “bad” because ____
Too many also increase the risk of heart disease
The primary cause of hyperlipidemia is ____
A genetic defect in the receptor and/or enzyme abnormality or deficiency
Enzyme
Protein in the body
Inhibitor
Something that stops something
Statins
Medication that inhibits the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, decreasing cholesterol production and reduction of LDL levels
Most cholesterol-lowering medications end with the suffix -____
-statin
Rhabdomyolysis
Breakdown of skeletal muscle
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Statin medication
