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Year 13 Chemistry > Synthetic Routes - Aliphatic Compounds > Flashcards

Synthetic Routes - Aliphatic Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

Alkanes to haloalkanes

A

Reagent - halogen
Condition - UV light
Mechanism - Free radical substitution

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2
Q

Alkenes to alkanes

A

Reagent - H2 + Ni catalyst
Condition - 150°C
Mechanism - Electrophilic addition

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3
Q

Alkenes to haloalkanes

A

Reagent - hydrogen halide
Condition - room temperature
Mechanism - Electrophilic addition

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4
Q

Haloalkanes to alcohol

A

Reagent - NaOH (aq)
Condition - heat under reflux
Mechanism - Nucleophilic substitution

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5
Q

Alcohol to haloalkane

A

Reagent - NaX + H2SO4
Condition - heat under reflux
Mechanism - Nucleophilic substitution

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6
Q

Alkenes to alcohols

A

Reagent - Steam + H2SO4
Condition - Heat
Mechanism - Hydration

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7
Q

Alcohols to alkenes

A

Reagent - H3PO4 or H2SO4
Condition - Heat
Mechanism - Elimination/dehydration

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8
Q

Alcohols to ketones

A

Reagent - K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
Condition - Heat under reflux
Mechanism - Oxidation

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9
Q

Alcohols to aldehydes

A

Reagent - K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
Condition - Distillation
Mechanism - Oxidation

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10
Q

Alcohols to carboxylic acids

A

Reagent - K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
Condition - Heat under reflux
Mechanism - Oxidation

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11
Q

Haloalkane to nitrile

A

Reagent - NaCN, ethanol
Condition - Heat under reflux
Mechanism - Nucleophilic substitution

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12
Q

Nitrile to amine

A

Reagent - H2, Ni catalyst (or LiAlH4)
Condition - High temperature & pressure
Mechanism - reduction

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13
Q

Haloalkane to amine

A

Reagent - NH3, ethanol
Mechanism - Nucleophilic substitution

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14
Q

Aldehyde/ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

Reagent - NaCN (aq)/H+ (aq)
Mechanism - Addition reaction

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15
Q

Aldehyde to alcohol

A

Reagent - NaBH4
Mechanism - Reduction

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16
Q

Alcohol to ester

A

Reagent - Carboxylic acid/conc. H2SO4 OR acid anhydride

17
Q

Ester to carboxylate

A

Reagent - OH-
Conditions - Heat
Mechanism - Hydrolysis

18
Q

Acyl chloride to ester

A

Reagent - Alcohol

19
Q

Ketone to alcohol

A

Reagent - NaBH4
Mechanism - Reduction

20
Q

Hydroxynitrile to amine

A

Reagent - H2/Ni

21
Q

Nitrile/hydroxynitrile to carboxylic acid

A

Reagent - H2O/HCl
Conditions - Heat

22
Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

Reagent - Alcohol, conc. H2SO4

23
Q

Ester to carboxylic acid

A

Reagent - Dilute acid
Conditions - Heat

24
Q

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

Reagent - H2O

25
Q

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

Reagent - SOCl2

26
Q

Acyl chloride to primary amide

A

Reagent - NH3

27
Q

Acyl chloride to secondary amide

A

Reagent - Primary amide

28
Q

Acyl chloride to secondary amide

A

Reagent - Primary amide

Year 13 Chemistry (59 decks)

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