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Year 13 Chemistry > Carboxylic Acids & Esters > Flashcards

Carboxylic Acids & Esters Flashcards

1
Q

Why are some carboxylic acids soluble in water?

A

They can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

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2
Q

What type of bonds can two carboxylic acid molecules form?

A

Hydrogen bonds - forms a dimer

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3
Q

Why do carboxylic acids have relatively high melting and boiling points?

A

They can form dimers with each other.

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4
Q

Carboxylic acid + metal oxide/metal hydroxide

A

Salt + water

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5
Q

Carboxylic acid + metal

A

Salt + hydrogen

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6
Q

Carboxylic acid + metal carbonate

A

Salt + water + CO2
(test for carbonates as CO2 produced, which bubbles)

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7
Q

How do you produce a carboxylic acid from a nitrile?

A

Add H2O + H+
Converts nitrile group to carbonyl group.
Produces carboxylic acid + ammonium ion (NH4+)

CH3CH2CN + 2H2O + H+ -> CH3CH2COOH + NH4+

Acid hydrolysis reaction (requires water and an acid)

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8
Q

How is an ethanoate ion formed?

A

When ethanoic acid loses a hydrogen atom when acting as a salt.

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9
Q

Propanoic acid and sodium hydroxide react to form…

A

sodium propanoate and water

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10
Q

Carboxylic acids ionise to form…

A

carboxylate ions

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11
Q

What is an ester?

A

Molecule that contains an ester functional group.

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12
Q

What is the general formula of esters?

A

R1COOR2

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13
Q

carboxylic acid + alcohol ->

A

ester + water

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14
Q

How do you form an ester from a carboxylic acid?

A
  • Add alcohol
  • Add strong acid catalyst e.g. H2SO4
  • Heat
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15
Q

Which is the higher priority carbon chain in an ester?

A

Carbon chain attached to =O

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16
Q

The name of an ester reflects…

A

alcohol first e.g. butyl, acid second e.g. propanoate

17
Q

What are the products of the acid hydrolysis of propyl butanoate?

A

propanol and butanoic acid

18
Q

What are the products when propyl methanoate is hydrolysed by sodium hydroxide?

A

propanol and sodium methanoate

19
Q

acid hydrolysis of esters

A

ester + water ⇌ carboxylic acid + alcohol

20
Q

alkaline hydrolysis of esters

A

ester + alkali -> salt + alcohol

21
Q

Is hydrolysis of esters under alkaline conditions reversible?

A

No - hydrolysis of esters only reversible under acidic conditions

Year 13 Chemistry (59 decks)

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