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Year 13 Chemistry > Atoms & Isotopes > Flashcards

Atoms & Isotopes Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is an atom electronically neutral?

A

An atom contains the same number of protons as electrons.

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2
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different masses (due to different numbers of neutrons).

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3
Q

What do neutrons do?

A

Without neutrons, the nucleus would contain positively-charged protons, and since like-charges repel, a nucleus containing protons would fly apart.

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4
Q

Which shell has the highest energy level?

A

The shell furthest from the nucleus.

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5
Q

How many electrons can occupy the first shell?

A

2

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6
Q

How many electrons can occupy the second shell?

A

8

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7
Q

How many electrons can occupy the third shell?

A

18

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8
Q

How many electrons can occupy the fourth shell?

A

32

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9
Q

What are the 4 types of sub-shell?

A

s, p, d, f

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10
Q

How many electrons can occupy each orbital?

A

2

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11
Q

How many orbitals in s subshell?

A

1

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12
Q

How many orbitals in p subshell?

A

3

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13
Q

How many orbitals in d orbital?

A

5

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14
Q

How many orbitals in f orbital?

A

7

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15
Q

What is an orbital?

A

A negative charge cloud that can hold 2 orbitals. They make up sub-shells.

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16
Q

What shape is an s orbital?

A

A spherical shape

17
Q

What shape is a p orbital?

A

Dumb-bell shape.
There are 3 p orbitals and they are at right angles to one another.

18
Q

How many d orbitals are there?

A

5

19
Q

How many f orbitals are there?

A

7

20
Q

How do two electrons fit into an orbital?

A

An electron has a property called spin. The two electrons in an orbital have opposite spins, helping to counteract the natural repulsion between their negative charges.

21
Q

Why do electrons occupy orbitals singly before pairing begins?

A

Prevents any repulsion caused by pairing.

Year 13 Chemistry (59 decks)

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