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Year 13 Chemistry > Acyl Chlorides & Acid Anhydrides > Flashcards

Acyl Chlorides & Acid Anhydrides Flashcards

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1
Q

What are acyl chlorides?

A

Acyl chlorides are carboxylic acid derivatives where the OH group is replaced by a Cl

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2
Q

How are acyl chlorides made?

A

Acyl chlorides are made by reacting carboxylic acids with thionyl chloride, SOCl2.

Carboxylic acid + thionyl chloride -> Acyl chloride + SO2 + HCl

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3
Q

What is the equation for the reaction of propanoic acid into an acyl chloride?

A

CH3CH2COOH + SOCl2 -> CH3CH2COCl + SO2 + HCl

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4
Q

Why must water not be present when forming an acyl chloride?

A

Water must not be present or the newly formed acyl chloride will react with it to form a carboxylic acid.

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5
Q

What is the equation for propanoyl chloride into a carboxylic acid?

A

CH3CH2COCl + H2O -> CH3CH2COOH + HCl

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6
Q

What can acyl chlorides be used to make?

A

Esters (including phenyl esters)
Carboxylic acids
Primary and secondary amides

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7
Q

In general, what happens when an acyl chloride reacts?

A

The Cl is substituted, and the Cl joins with a H to form HCl

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8
Q

How do you make an ester from an acyl chloride?

A

Acyl chloride + alcohol -> ester + HCl

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9
Q

How do you make a phenyl ester?

A

Acyl chloride + phenol -> phenyl ester + HCl

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10
Q

How can you make a primary amide from an acyl chloride?

A

Acyl chloride + ammonia -> Primary amide + HCl

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11
Q

How do you make a secondary amide from an acyl chloride?

A

Acyl chloride + amine -> secondary amide + HCl

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12
Q

How is an acid anhydride formed?

A

Acid anhydrides are formed from the dehydration reaction of two carboxylic acid groups.

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13
Q

General formula of acid anhydrides

A

RCOOCOR

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14
Q

Give the name for the molecule with the formula (HCO)2O

A

methanoic anhydride

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15
Q

acid anhydride + alcohol ->

A

ester + carboxylic acid

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16
Q

acid anhydride + water ->

A

2 carboxylic acids

17
Q

acid anhydride + ammonia (not in excess) ->

A

primary amide + carboxylic acid

18
Q

acid anhydride + excess ammonia ->

A

primary amide + ammonium salt

19
Q

acid anhydride + primary amide ->

A

secondary amide + salt

Year 13 Chemistry (59 decks)

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