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neuroscience > Synaptic Transmission (6) > Flashcards

Synaptic Transmission (6) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the criteria for a neurotransmitter?

A

1- Present in the presynaptic terminal

2- Preseased in response to stimulation in a Calcium dependent manner

3- Specific receptors for the neurotransmitter must be present on the postsynaptic cell

4- Mechanisms to inactivate neurotransmitter must be presnt

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2
Q

Which is faster: electrical synapse or chemical synapse?

A

Electrical synapse

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3
Q

Which type of synapse is bidirectional?

A

Electrical Synapse

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4
Q

Through what mechanism are electrical synapses transmitted?

A

Through gap junctions

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5
Q

In what type of cells are electrical synapses important for?

A

They are important for glial cells

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6
Q

What type of synapses are more common in the CNS?

A

Chemical synapses

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7
Q

What is the function of post synaptic terminals?

A

Convert electrical signals into chemical signals (in the form of neurotrasnmitters released from synaptic vesicles across the synapse)

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8
Q

Which type of synapse provides amplification?

A

Chemical synapses

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9
Q

Which type of synapses provide the potential for excitation and inhibition and integration?

A

Chemical synapses

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10
Q

Describe the Calcium gradient?

A

There is a steep calcium concentration gradient.

Ca in ««<Ca out

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11
Q

How does calcium enter the nerve terminal?

A

Through volt-gated calcium channels

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12
Q

What is facilitation?

A

Short term synaptic plasticity that results from prolonged elevation of presynatic calcium levels

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13
Q

When can facilitation occur?

A

When 2 or more Action Potentials invade the presynaptic terminal within a few milliseconds of each other

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14
Q

In facilitation, why is the second EPSP larger?

A

Because prolonged elevation of Calcium following synaptic activity. Therefore, more neurotransmitter is released in response to the subsequent action potential.

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15
Q

Can a single neuron release multiple neurotransmitters?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What are the different categories of neurotransmitters?

A

Small molecules and Neuropeptides

17
Q

Where are small peptide (amino acid) neurotransmitters synthesized?

A

in the presynaptic terminals

18
Q

Where are neuropeptide neurotransmitters synthesized?

A

synthesized in cell body and are transported to the terminal via fast axonal transport

19
Q

How does stimulation frequency influence neurotransmitter release?

A

Stimulation frequency influences transmitter release from different populations of synaptic vesicles

20
Q

What type of NTs does low frequency stimulation release?

A

It releases small molecule neurotransmitters

21
Q

What type of NTs does high frequency stimulation release?

A

It releases both classes of neurotransmitter

22
Q

What region of the postsynaptic cell does the NT bind to?

A

It binds to the post synaptic density

23
Q

EPP is a sum of what?

A

EPP is a sum of MEP

24
Q

True or False:

Neurotransmitter release is quantal

A

True

25
Q

True or False:

Most dendrites transmit Action Potentials

A

False.

Most dendrites do not transmit APs because they do not contain many Na channels and the thresholds are too high

26
Q

What does the term “leaky” describe?

A

Dendrites

27
Q

How are action potentials produced?

A

Local passive events that sum to either depolarize (EPSP) or hyperpolarize (IPSP) the cell

28
Q

How type of receptrs does glutamate bind to?

A

Both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors

29
Q

What is the major exitatory transmitter in the brain?

A

Glutamate

30
Q

What is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

A

GABA

31
Q

What is the “fast” glutamate channel?

A

AMPA

32
Q

What is the “slow” glutamate channel?

A

NMDA

neuroscience (33 decks)

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