cerebellum (23)

Question 1

what is the putative motor function of the vermis of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 1

balance, eye movement, reflexes

Question 2

what is the putative motor function of the paravermal hemisphere of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 2

sensorimotor integration, movement execution

Question 3

what is the putative motor function of the lateral hemisphere of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 3

preparation & planning of movements, fine motor dexterity, eye movements, imagined movements

Question 4

what is the putative cognitive function of the vermis of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 4

autonomic arousal, limbic regulation

Question 5

what is the putative cognitive function of the paravermal hemisphere of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 5

simple verbal responses to commands

Question 6

what is the putative cognitive function of the lateral hemisphere of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 6

verbal association, rule based learning, working memory, problem-solving, monitoring performance, temporal perception

Question 7

what is the deep nuclei (output nuclei) for the vermis of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 7

fastigial

vestibular

Question 8

what is the deep nuclei (output nuclei) for the paravermal hemisphere of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 8

globose

emboliform

Question 9

what is the deep nuclei (output nuclei) for the lateral hemisphere of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 9

dentate

Question 10

vermis, paravermal hemisphere, lateral hemisphere? which cortex is associated with the middle cerebellar zone?

Answer 10

vermis

Question 11

vermis, paravermal hemisphere, lateral hemisphere? which cortex is associated with the intermediate cerebellar zone?

Answer 11

paravermal hemisphere

Question 12

what 3 basic elements is the cerebellum often depicted as consisting of?

Answer 12

• cerebellar cortex
• deep cerebellar nuclei
• long white matter tracts

Question 13

what are the 6 main types of neurons identified in the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 13

Granule
Golgi
Purkinje
Stellate
Basket
Lugaro

Question 14

what two types of neurons are found in the deep cerebellar nuclei?

Answer 14

projection neurons

local interneurons

Question 15

what are the 3 diff types of NON neuronal cells in the cerebellum?

Answer 15

• radial or “Bergmann” glial cells in the purkinje and molecule layers of cerebellar cortex
• bushy astroglia in the granule layer
• oligodendrocytes in the white matter

Question 16

what two types of neurons are found in the molecular layer of the cerebellum?

Answer 16

stellate & basket cells

Question 17

what is the main output cell of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 17

purkinje cell

Question 18

are purkinje cells excitatory or inhibitory?

Answer 18

inhibitory

Question 19

are granule cells excitatory or inhibitory?

Answer 19

excitatory

Question 20

what are the 2 different ways to get cerebral cortex info to the cerebellum?

Answer 20

through the pontocerebellar pathway and through the rubro-olivary-cerebellar

Question 21

what/where is the predominant output of the cerebellum

Answer 21

predominantly excitatory (glutamate) tot eh thalamus which then is excitatory to the cerebral cortex

Question 22

what are the 3 categories of evidence that are used to determine the types of functions of the cerebellum?

Answer 22

• anatomical data
• physiological data
• clinical data

Question 23

based upon the cerebellum’s connections, the cerebellum’s functions can be divided into what 3 groups

Answer 23

1. Vestibulocerebellum (archicerebellum)
2. Spinocerebellum (paleocerebellum)
3. Cerebrocerebellum (neocerebellum)

Question 24

what does this sentence describe?
typical neuronal action potentials produced by mossy fiber activation of granule cells-which then leads to parallel fiber activation of purkinje cells

Answer 24

simple spikes

Question 25

does this sentence describe simple or complex spikes?

“MOMEMNT TO MOMENT CHANGES IN BEHAIVOR”

Answer 25

simple spikes

Question 26

what does this sentence describe?
“the neuron’s membrane voltage increases rapidly but then stays elevated for an extended period of time. When membrane potential is elevated, the neuron typically fires many APs”

Answer 26

complex spikes

Question 27

what does asthenia mean?

Answer 27

loss of muscle strength

Question 28

what is “luciana’s triad”?

Answer 28

1. asthenia (loss of muscle strength)
2. atonia (loss of muscle tone)
3. ataxia (difficulty coordinating & executing voluntary movements)

Question 29

what does asynergia mean?

Answer 29

difficulty coordinating muscle actions

Question 30

what does dysmetria mean?

Answer 30

poorly directed movements that often miss targets & deviate from the “quickest” path

Question 31

what does a decomposition of movement mean?

Answer 31

normal complex movements become broken down into a single movement involving single joins

Question 32

what does Dysdiadochokinsea mean?

Answer 32

inability to make rapidly alternating movements

Question 33

what part of the cerebellar pathway does the essential tremor arise from?

Answer 33

from the pathway between the inferior olive and the deep nuclei