Speech and Language Flashcards
What does speech result from?
Specific motor behaviors and it requires precise neuromuscular coordination of respiration, phonation, resonance and articulation systems
What are the 4 processes of speech?
Respiration, phonationm articulation, resonation
What is respiration
Breathing that provides power
What is phonation?
production of sound by muscle contraction
What is articulation?
Formation of recognizable speech by the mouth
What is resonation?
sound quality shaped by the throat
What are phenomes?
The sounds of language
How are phenomes generated?
alteration of the flow of air from the lungs across the articulatory elements of the nose and mouth.
What is language?
Rule based system for communication
What are the rules of language?
related to grammar (syntax), meaning (semantics) and usage (pragmatics and vocabulary
What are the 5 dimensions of language??
Phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics
What is phonology?
Rules determining how sounds can be sequenced
What is morphology?
Rules for the meaning of sounds
What is syntax?
Rules for grammar
What is semantics?
rules for the meaning of words
What is pragmatics?
rules for communication and classifying words
What is communication?
The process used to exchange info with others
What percentage of communication is nonlinguistic?
90%
What is prosody?
the melody of language
Why is prosody important?
Pitch changes to convey emotion and linguistic information
Where are semantics processed?
Angular gyrus
What areas assist with vocalization?
limbic system and periaqueductal gray
What are the three general categories of language disorders?
articulation disorders, fluency disorders, voice disorders
what are the types of speech sound errors?
Distortion, substitutions, omissions, additions
What are two examples of fluency disorders?
stuttering and cluttered speach
If there is a voice disorder, how does the patient present?
Voice sounds breathy, hoarse, husky or strained
What is conducting aphasia?
repeating is a problem
What is anomic aphasia?
Difficulty finding words (parietal lobe damage)
What is anarthria?
Issues with the the motor aspect of speech
What is alexia?
Inability to read (but can write)
What are some major causes of communication disorders?
Trauma, vascular disturbance, tumor, infection, environment, neurodegeneratoin, genetic, idiopathic
What is a direct contact disorder characterized by?
Afect communication and cognition directly
What is an indirect contact disorder characterized by?
Difficulty interacting with your environment
What is an example of indirect context disorders?
Hemineglect
When you drink alcohol, what happens to the size of Broca’s area over the years?
It decreases
What does velocardiofacial syndrome cause?
Facial abnormalites, hearning problems, hypothyroidism, speech problems (because incomplete development of articulatory structures) and immune system problems
What characterizes autism?
social impairments, communicating difficulties, restrictive, repetitive and stereotypes behaviors
