Chronobiology 2 and Sleep Disorders Flashcards
In the hypothalamus, what structures are the “off switch” and the NREM promoting center?
VLPO and MNPO
If GABA/ galanin increases…what is the result on sleep?
sleep is favored
Are VLPO and MNPO active all the time?
No…they are silent during wakefulness
When do the VLPA and MNPO fire the most?
During NREM
When does MNPO firing more prevalent?
When drifting to sleep
When does VLPO firing more prevalent?
when asleep
What neurotransmitter do the VLPO and MNPO contain?
GABA and Galanin
What controls REM sleep?
Laterodorsal and Pedunculopontine tegmental (LDT/ PPT) Ach firing
How is atonia during REM developed?
Ach stimulates neurons in the medulla that release GALA and glycine
True or False:
Levels of 5HT, NE, and DA do not fluctuate during NREM
False…they all fluctuate. This allows for the different stages of NREM
During sleep, when does Ach release peak?
During REM
How are 5HT, NE and DA inhibited during REM?
They are inhibited by feedback inhibition
What happens to the level of adenosine throughout the day?
It increases via metablism (breakdown of ATP)
Is a high level of adenosine associated with sleepiness or wakefulness?
Sleepiness
What controls the Circadian clock?
Genes and proteins
What are the genes/ proteins involved in the circadian clock?
CRY, CLK, BMAL-1, PER 1(-3)
Explain the expression of the circadian clock genes/ proteins…
Some fluctuate on a 24 hour basis
Explain the relationship between BMAL-1 and PER 1,2,3…
They are in counter phase