association cortex (28)

Question 1

what are the main functions of the association cortices?

Answer 1

advanced perception & attention to detailed PLANNING

Question 2

what cortice is this describing:

“ visual forms, objects, textures, auditory prosody, syntax”

Answer 2

temporal association cortices

Question 3

what cortices is this describing:

“attention & intention”

Answer 3

parietal association cortices

Question 4

which cortex is involved in sensing somesthesis?

Answer 4

parietal association cortex

Question 5

what cortex is this describing:

“ spatial, object working memory, planning, withholding responses”

Answer 5

frontal association cortices

Question 6

how many layers do association cortices usually have?

Answer 6

all have 5 and most have 6

Question 7

what cells are found in layers 2 &3 of the association cortices?

Answer 7

pyramidal cells

Question 8

what cells are found in layer 4 of the association cortices?

Answer 8

stellate cells

Question 9

where do the cells in layer 2 project to?

Answer 9

other cortical areas

Question 10

where do the cells in layer 3 project to ?

Answer 10

cortical areas of the opposite hemisphere

Question 11

where do the cells in layer 5 project to?

Answer 11

to subcortical structures (striatum, superior colliculus)

Question 12

where do the cells of layer 6 project to?

Answer 12

the thalamus

Question 13

what layer does the thalmus input information into the association cortices?

Answer 13

layer 4

Question 14

true or false:

the thalamus projections info into layer 4 of the motor cortices

Answer 14

false

because the primary motor cortices do not have a layer 4, information is projected to 3&5

Question 15

what stream is considered the who/what pathway?

Answer 15

the ventral stream

Question 16

where does the who/what pathway project to? (in terms of cortex)

Answer 16

the ventral premotor area

Question 17

what musculature is controlled by the ventral stream?

Answer 17

the distal musculature

Question 18

what stream is the where/when pathway?

Answer 18

the dorsal stream

Question 19

what type of musculature does the dorsal stream control?

Answer 19

proximal muscles

Question 20

what does agnosia mean?

Answer 20

impairment of object recognition

Question 21

what does achromatopsia mean?

Answer 21

achromatopsia

Question 22

what does prosopagnosia mean?

Answer 22

impairment of facial recognition

Question 23

what does aleia mean?

Answer 23

impairment of word recognition

Question 24

what does apraxia mean?

Answer 24

object utilization/tool use deficits

Question 25

what does it mean if a person is “blind-sighted”? when can this occur?

Answer 25

the person doesn’t know that they can see

can occur if the primary visual areas have been damaged but the temporal association areas are still intact

Question 26

what can breakdown of teh dorsal stream cause?

Answer 26

hemineglect, inattention & impaired spatial accuracy

Question 27

what can a right hemisphere parietal lobe lesion cause?

Answer 27

severe left neglect

Question 28

what can a left hemisphere parietal lesion cause?

Answer 28

minimal right neglect

Question 29

what can partial bilateral parietal lesion cause?

Answer 29

severe right neglect

Question 30

what is metacognition?

Answer 30

integration of sensory info & pausing the motor responses and monitoring of outcomes

how the association cortices have the ability to support “the most meaningful selections of behavior to achieve desirable outcomes”

Question 31

what changes can you see in people with schizophrenia & ADHD?

Answer 31

they don’t activate the prefrontal cortices areas as much as “normal” people