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module 102: T1 Human Body > symposium 2: imaging > Flashcards

symposium 2: imaging Flashcards

1
Q

In which imaging techniques is ionising radiation used?

A
  • radiography
  • CT
  • interventional radiology (fluoroscopy)
  • nuclear medicine
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2
Q

What can happen to an X-ray beam when passed through matter?

A
  • transmitted
  • absorbed
  • scattered
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3
Q

Describe what it means when X-rays are transmitted?

A

pass through unaffected or with lower energy

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4
Q

Describe what it means when X-rays are absorbed?

A

transfer all energy to matter and not pass through the patient to the film

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5
Q

Describe what it means when X-rays are scattered

A

diverted with or without energy loss

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6
Q

In the absorption of X-rays, what is the colour from least dense to most dense?

A

black to bright white

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7
Q

What are the advantages of radiography?

A
  • great spatial resolution
  • cheap and available
  • easy interpretation
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8
Q

What are the disadvantages of radiography?

A
  • projectional
  • ionising radiation
  • very limited soft tissue visualisation
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9
Q

What does CT scan stand for?

A

computed tomography

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10
Q

What are the strengths of computed tomography?

A
  • cross-sectional
  • spatial resolution
  • widely available
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11
Q

What are the weaknesses of CT scans?

A
  • ionising radiaion
  • limited soft tissue contrast
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12
Q

What are the non-ionising imaging methods?

A
  • ultrasound
  • MRI
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13
Q

How does ultrasound imaging work?

A

based on the production and detection of echoes

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14
Q

What is an echo and when does it occur?

A
  • it is a reflection of a beam
  • occurs at the interface between two materials
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15
Q

What are the strengths of ultrasound imaging?

A
  • non-ionising
  • mutliplanar
  • dynamic
  • doppler
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16
Q

What weaknesses does ultrasound imaging have?

A
  • operator-dependent
  • can’t see through bone or gas
17
Q

What does MRI stand for?

A

magnetic resonance imaging

18
Q

What are the strengths of MRI scans?

A
  • non-ionising
  • multiplanar
  • exquisite soft tissue contrast
  • reproducible
  • non-operator dependent
19
Q

What are the weaknesses of MRI scans?

A
  • limited availability
  • magnetic field
  • some patients/equipment not suitable
  • expensive shielding
  • can be difficult to appreciate calcification or gas
20
Q

What are the 3 conventional planes for imaging?

A
  • axial (transverse)
  • coronal (frontal)
  • sagittal (lateral)
21
Q

What is interventional radiology?

A

image guided diagnostic/therapeutic procedure achieved through percutaneous puncture/body opening

22
Q

What are the two types of metallic stents?

A
  • balloon expandable
  • self-expanding

module 102: T1 Human Body (21 decks)

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