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module 102: T1 Human Body > neuromuscular junction to myocytes > Flashcards

neuromuscular junction to myocytes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 classes of second messengers?

A
  • ions
  • G proteins
  • phosphorylation
  • intracellular receptors
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2
Q

What is the second messenger used in muscles?

A

free calcium

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3
Q

Where does most of the calcium come from in muscle cells?

A

the sarcoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER in muscle cell)

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4
Q

What is twitching?

A

when series of AP stimulate contraction but interval between them is long enough for muscle to relax

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5
Q

What is tetany?

A

continuous maximal contractile force and shortening

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6
Q

What happens to calcium during twitching?

A

it is pumped back into the SR during relaxation

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7
Q

What happens to the calcium in tetany?

A

accumulation of free calcium in cytosol

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8
Q

What are the 3 subunits of troponin?

A
  • troponin T
  • troponin C
  • troponin I
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9
Q

What are the 4 steps of the powerstroke?

A
  1. myosin releases actin
  2. myosin head cleaves ATP
  3. myosin binds actin
  4. power stroke
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10
Q

What is an agonist?

A

drug that can combine with receptor on a cell to produce a physiological reaction

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11
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

drug that blocks the activity of the agonist or neurotransmitter

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of ACh receptors?

A
  • nicotinic
  • muscarinic
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13
Q

What is the second messenger in nicotinic receptors?

A

ions flowing through an ion channel

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14
Q

What is the second messenger in muscarinic receptors?

A

G protein

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15
Q

How do nicotinic receptors work?

A
  • allows both Na+ and K+ to flow
  • net effect is inward current cuz more Na+ comes in
  • makes AP firing more likely
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16
Q

What is the monomeric form of actin?

A

G-actin

17
Q

What is the helical form of actin?

A

F-actin

18
Q

Give an example of an ACh receptor (nicotinic) agonist and what it is used for

A
  • carbachol
  • miosis, treating glaucoma
19
Q

What do ACh receptor antagonist drugs often do?

A

muscle paralysis (muscle relaxation)

20
Q

Give an example of an ACh receptor antagonist and what it is used for

A
  • Rocuronium (tracheal intubation)
  • Curare (paralysis of diaphragm and death)
21
Q

Give an example of a AChE inhibitor drug and what its for

A

Donepezil (Aricept) for Alzheimer’s

module 102: T1 Human Body (21 decks)

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