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module 102: T1 Human Body > principles of muscular system > Flashcards

principles of muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of muscles?

A
  • smooth muscle
  • cardiac muscle
  • skeletal muscle
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2
Q

What are some of the roles of skeletal muscles?

A
  • moving organs/structures
  • posture
  • voluntary movement
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3
Q

What is the structure of skeletal muscles ?

A

contractile filaments called myofilaments are arranged as myofibrils

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4
Q

Describe the crosstructure of skeletal muscle

A
  • elongated, multinucleated cells (form fibres)
  • peripheral nuclei
  • grouped into bundles called fascicles
  • surrounded by connective tissue
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5
Q

What are the 3 types of connective tissue and what do they surround?

A
  • ENDOMYSIUM: surrounds each fibre
  • PERIMYSIUM: surrounds each fascicle
  • EPIMYSIUM: surrounds each muscle
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6
Q

What are the two types of myofilaments found within a sarcomere?

A
  • actin (thin)
  • myosin (thick)
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7
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

smallest functional unit of a skeletal muscle fibre

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8
Q

What is the end result of a muscle contraction?

A
  • shortening of sarcomere
  • shortening occurs between origin and insertion
  • causes the movement of a bone or joint
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9
Q

What are the 4 parameters used to describe skeletal muscle?

A
  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
  • innervation/nerve supply
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10
Q

What are the 6 ways muscle fibres can be arranged?

A
  • flat
  • pennate
  • fusiform
  • quadrate
  • circular
  • multi-headed/bellied
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11
Q

What are satellite cells?

A
  • myogenic cells located between the sarcolemma and basement membrane of muscle fibres
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12
Q

What do satellite cells do?

A
  • usually dormant in adult muscle
  • but act as a reserve population of cells which can proliferate in response to injury and give rise to regenerated muscle and to more satellite cells
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13
Q

Which are some of the main skeletal muscles in the body?

A
  • pectoralis major
  • pectoralis minor
  • biceps brachii
  • deltoid
  • serratus anterior
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14
Q

Where are the origins of the pectoralis major?

A
  • clavicle
  • sternum
  • costal cartilages
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15
Q

Where is the insertion of the pectoralis major?

A

humerus

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16
Q

What actions can the pectoralis major perform?

A
  • flexion
  • adduction
  • internal rotation of the shoulder joint
17
Q

What nerves generate the nerve supply for the pectoralis major?

A
  • lateral pectoral nerve
  • medial pectoral nerve
18
Q

Where are the origins of the pectoralis minor?

A

ribs 3, 4 and 5

19
Q

Where is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?

A

coracoid process of the scapula

20
Q

Which actions can the pectoralis minor perform?

A
  • protraction of the scapula
  • elevation of ribs
21
Q

Which nerve supplies the pectoralis minor?

A

medial pectoral nerve

22
Q

Where are the origins of the biceps brachii for the long head and short head?

A
  • LONG HEAD: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
  • SHORT HEAD: coracoid process of the scapula
23
Q

Where is the insertion of the biceps brachii?

A

radius

24
Q

Which actions can the biceps brachii perform?

A
  • flexion of the shoulder joint
  • flexion of the elbow joint
  • supination of the radio-ulnar joints
25
Q

Which nerves supply the biceps brachii?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

26
Q

Where are the origins of the deltoid?

A
  • clavicle
  • acromion
  • spine of scapula
27
Q

Where is the insertion of the deltoid?

A

deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

28
Q

Which nerve supplies the deltoid?

A

axillary nerve

29
Q

Where are the origins of the serratus anterior?

A

the upper 8/9 ribs

30
Q

Where is the insertion of the serratus anterior ?

A

the scapula

31
Q

Which actions can the serratus anterior perform?

A
  • protraction for the scapula
  • holds the scapula flat against the thoracic cage
32
Q

Which nerve supplies the serratus anterior

A

long thoracic nerve

33
Q

Which action can the deltoid perform?

A

abduction of shoulder joint

module 102: T1 Human Body (21 decks)

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