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module 102: T1 Human Body > neoplasia > Flashcards

neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

What is neoplasia?

A

abnormal cellular proliferation which is non-responsive to normal growth controls due to genetic abnormality

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2
Q

What does the suffix ‘-oma’ represent?

A

neoplasm (benign or malignant)

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3
Q

What is carcinoma?

A

malignant neoplasm of epithelial tissue

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4
Q

What is sarcoma?

A

malignant neoplasm of connective tissue or muscle

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5
Q

What is lymphoma?

A

malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes

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6
Q

What is melanoma?

A

malignant neoplasm of melanocytes

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7
Q

What is papilloma?

A

benign neoplasm of epithelial tissue

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8
Q

What is an oncogene?

A

a gene that has the potential to cause cancer when mutated or abnormally expressed

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9
Q

Give examples of oncogenes

A
  • KRAS
  • Her-2
  • NRAS
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10
Q

Give examples of tumour suppressor genes

A
  • p53
  • APC
  • BRCA1/2
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11
Q

How can tumours be classified by behaviour?

A
  • benign
  • borderline
  • malignant
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12
Q

How can tumours be classified?

A
  • behaviour
  • histogenesis
  • grade/differentiation
  • molecular classification
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13
Q

What is the histogenesis of a tumour?

A

the cell of origin

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14
Q

What is a benign tumour?

A
  • no metastasis
  • no invasion
  • no destruction
  • can cause pressure
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15
Q

What is a borderline tumour?

A
  • local invasion and destruction
  • no metasasis
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16
Q

What is a malignant tumour?

A
  • invasion
  • risk of metastasis
17
Q

What do benign tumours often look like?

A
  • localised
  • well circumscribed borders
  • no invasion
  • look similar to parent tissue they came from
18
Q

What do malignant tumours look like?

A
  • poorly defined borders
  • invasion of surrounding tissues
19
Q

What are the 3 types of mestastasis?

A
  • lymphatic metastasis
  • haematogenous metastasis
  • direct spread
20
Q

What is haematogenous metastasis?

A

spread by way of veins or rarely arteries

21
Q

What is lymphatic metastasis

A

spread by way of lymphatic channels

22
Q

What do the stages of cancer describe?

A

the anatomical extent of a neoplasm

23
Q

What do the cancer grades describe?

A

how well a neoplasm resembles normal counterpart tissue

24
Q

How many cases of cancer were there a day from 2015-2017? What type of cancers were they?

A
  • 1000 a day
  • 50% of these are breast, prostate, lung or colon
25
Q

What is naevus?

A

benign neoplasm of melanocytes

26
Q

What is a carcinoma?

A

malignant neoplasm with both epithelial and connective tissue components

27
Q

What is teratoma?

A

neoplasm compromising many different tissues

module 102: T1 Human Body (21 decks)

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