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Pharmacology > Sympathomimetics > Flashcards

Sympathomimetics Flashcards

1
Q

mechanism of action

A

DIRECT: direct activation of adrenoreceptors
INDIRECT: indirect activation via increasing catecholamines

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2
Q

non-selective, direct-acting
activates alpha and beta adrenergic recptors
a1: vasoconstriction, increases BP
b1: increase HR, conduction, contractility
b2: bronchodilation
drug of choice for anaphylaxis
used for cardiac arrest, asthma, COPD, hemostasis

A

Epinephrine

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3
Q

side effects of epinephrine

A

hypertension
tachycardia
ischemia
hyperglycemia

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4
Q

epinphrine is added to this to decrease systemic absorption by vasoconstriction

A

lidocaine

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5
Q

term for agent that increases heart rate

A

chronotropic

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6
Q

term for agent that increases conduction

A

dromotropic

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7
Q

term for agent that increases contractility

A

inotropic

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8
Q

non-selective, direct-acting
activates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
a1: vasoconstriction, increases BP
b1: increases HR, conduction, and contractility
b2: bronchodilation
used for neurogenic shock, cardiogenic shock (last resort)

A

Norepinephrine

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9
Q

side effects of norepinephrine

A 
extreme vasospasm
tissue necrosis
excessive BP increase
arrhythmias
infarction
REFLEX BRADYCARDIA: compensatory decrease in HR in response to increase in BP
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10
Q

has high alpha than beta activity

A

norepinephrine

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11
Q

non-selective, direct acting
activates alpha, beta, and D1 adrenergic receptors
a1: vasoconstriction, increases BP
b1: increased HR, conduction, and contractility
d1: vasodilation in splanchnic and renal vessels
used for cardiogenic shock, heart failure
SE: CV disturbance, arrhythmias

A

dopamine

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12
Q

dose-dependent actions of dopamine

A

LOW dose = 1-5 mcg/kg/min; D1 receptors
MEDIUM dose = 5-15 mcg/kg/min; B1 receptors
HIGH dose = > 15mcg/kg/min; Alpha receptors

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13
Q

dopamine dose for cardiogenic shock

A

MEDIUM DOSE

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14
Q

beta-non-selective
non-selectively activates beta adrenergic receptors
b1: increases HR, conduction, and contractility
b2: bronchodilation
used previously for asthma
side effects: CV disturbance, arrhythmias

A

Isoproterenol

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15
Q

selective alpha 1 agonist
a1: vasoconstriction, increases BP
used as nasal decongestant, mydriatic, drug-induced hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, spinal shock
side effects: REBOUND NASAL CONGESTION (rhinitis medicamentosa), supine hypertension, stroke, MI, piloerection, urinary retention

A

Phenylephrine

pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, tetrahydrozoline, midodrine, naphazoline, xylometazoline

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16
Q

ocular administration causes mydriasis WITHOUT cycloplegia (vs. atropine, phentolamine)

A

Phenylephrine

pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, tetrahydrozoline, midodrine, naphazoline, xylometazoline

17
Q

4 medications that can be used for pregnant hypertensive patients

A
  1. hydralazine (for urgency)
  2. methyldopa (for maintenance)
  3. nifedipine
  4. labetalol
18
Q

selective alpha 2 agonist
a2: decreases central sympathetic outflow (centrally acting vasodilator)
for hypertension, cancer pain, opioid withdrawal
side effect: SEDATION, REBOUND HYPERTENSION (taper use to avoid), dry mouth

A

Clonidine

19
Q

used to treat rebound hypertension secondary to clonidine

A

Phentolamine

20
Q

selective alpha 2 agonist
a2: decreases central sympathetic outflow
used for pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension
side effects: sedation, HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA (POSITIVE COOMB’S TEST)

A

Methyldopa

Guanfacine, Guanabenz, Dexmedetomidine, Tizanadine

21
Q

also a muscle relaxant

A

Tizanadine

22
Q

has more sedating effects

A

Dexmedetomidine

23
Q

selective alpha 2 agonist
a2: decreases aqueous humour secretion
used for glaucoma
side effects: blurring of vision, dry mouth, hyperemia and pruritus, eye discomfort

A

Apraclonidine

Brimonidine

24
Q

selective B1 agonist
b1: increases HR and contractility
used for acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock
side effects: tachycardia, arrhythmias, tachyphylaxis

A

Dobutamine

25
Q

selective B2 agonist
activates b2 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle
causes bronchodilation
drug of choice for ACUTE ASTHMA ATTACKS

A

Albuterol/Salbutamol

Terbutaline, Ritodrine

26
Q

selective B2 agonist used for TOCOLYSIS for preterm labor

A

Terbutaline and Ritodrine

27
Q

used in cardiac stress testing

A

dobutamine

28
Q

may precipitate arrhythmias in patients with concurrent COPD and heart disease

A

Albuterol/Salbutamol

Terbutaline, Ritodrine

Pharmacology (31 decks)

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