Sympathetics Part 3 Flashcards
From which cord levels do preganglionic axons travel to enter the sympathetic trunk by way of the white rami communicans?
T1-L2
T/F: Preganglionic axons from the cord to the sympathetic trunk may ascend or descend to different levels of the trunk.
True
T/F: Generally, fibers from T1-T5 levels will descend to enter the sympathetic trunk.
False; generally ascend
T/F: Generally, fibers from T5-T12 will ascend to enter the sympathetic trunk.
False; generally these will descend
Axons that will be relayed to the head and neck are carried by which Thoracic nerves?
T1 and T2
Axons that carry info to the head and neck by T1 and T2 nerves ascend and synapse in which cervical ganglion?
superior cervical ganglion
Axons to the sympathetic trunk which influence the heart arise from what cord levels?
T1-T4
T/F: most axons that influence the heart (from T1-T4) will ascend to one of the 3 cervical ganglia, but some will pass directly to the heart.
True
Which thoracic cord levels do axons which influence the lungs arise from?
T2-T4
T/F: preganglionic fibers which influence the lungs synapse in the second, third, and fourth thoracic ganglia.
True
Preganglionic fibers carrying info which influences the upper extremities are carried in which thoracic nerves? Which ganglia will these fibers ascend to and synapse in?
T3-T7;
middle cervical and inferior cervical/stellate ganglia
Fibers that influence the abdominal viscera arise from which thoracic cord levels? If these fibers synapse in the sympathetic trunk, where will that be?
T5-T12;
may synpase in lower thoracic ganglia
If the sympathetic fibers which influence the abdominal viscera do not synapse in the trunk, what happens to them?
they will be carried through the trunk primarily by the greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves
Fibers that influence the pelvic viscera arise from which cord levels? What else do these cord levels influence?
T10-L2;
lower extremities
T/F: fibers that influence the pelvic viscera descend to the ganglia in the lower thoracic, lumbar, and pelvic areas.
True
Preganglionic fibers carrying info for the lower extremities are carried in what nerves? Which ganglia do these synapse in?
T10-L2;
synapse in second lumbar through fourth sacral ganglia
What are the 3 ways fibers get carried from the sympathetic trunk?
nerves, blood vessels, and direct branches
Virtually all nerves carry postganglionic sympathetic fibers. What are the 3 types of “motor” function is provided by these fibers?
vasomotor (vasoconstriction), sudomotor (sweat), and pilomotor (motor to the arrector pili)
T/F: It is unlikely that fibers from the sympathetic trunk will have direct branches to the viscera without synapsing.
False; direct branches to the viscera are likely
A gray ramus communicans from the cervical sympathetic trunk is associated with which cervical spinal nerves?
All of them
What cranial nerves receive branches from the superior cervical ganglion?
Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X), and Hypoglossal (XII)
The internal carotid nerve is a branch from which ganglion?
superior cervical ganglion
What vessel does the internal carotid nerve enter the cranial cavity with?
internal carotid artery
The internal carotid nerve divides into lateral and medial branches. What plexus is formed from the lateral internal carotid nerve? What plexus from the medial internal carotid nerve?
internal carotid plexus;
cavernous plexus
Many of the branches from the internal carotid plexus will terminate where?
on vessels inside the skull
Communications with the abducens nerve from the internal carotid plexus supply the blood vessels in what muscle?
lateral rectus (same muscle supplied by the abducens nerve)
Postganglionic fibers from the deep petrosal nerve, which combines with the greater petrosal nerve to form what nerve? What glands are supplied by this nerve?
nerve of the pterygoid canal;
lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and some pharyngeal glands
What nerves combine with the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve to form the tympanic plexus and supply the glands/blood vessels of the middle ear?
caroticotympanic nerves
Where is the cavernous plexus located?
within the cavernous sinus alongside the sella turcica
T/F: fibers from the lateral internal carotid nerve travel through the ciliary ganglion to reach the eyeball and supply the ciliaris and dilator pupillae.
False; this is true of the medial internal carotid nerve. Also supplies some tarsus muscles of the upper eyelid
The medial internal carotid nerve forms a plexus which supplies blood vessels which supply muscles and glands. What muscles contain blood vessels supplied by the medial internal carotid nerve?
ciliaris, dilator pupillae, some tarsus muscles of the upper eyelid, muscles supplied by the oculomotor nerve, superior oblique, pituitary gland and arrector pili, sweat glands, and blood vessels in the field of distribution of the ophthalmic division
Branches accompanying the inferior thyroid artery supply the thyroid gland. What ganglion do these branches come from?
middle cervical ganglion
Branches reach the subclavian artery to reach the upper extremity via the axillary and brachial arteries. What ganglion do these branches come from?
inferior cervical/stellate ganglion
