Parasympathetics Part 1

Question 1

T/F: Parasympathetics oppose sympathetics.

Answer 1

False; work in concert together to maintain homeostasis

Question 2

T/F: parasympathetics are typically cholinergic (Acetylcholine), and sympathetics are typically adrenergic (norepinephrine).

Answer 2

TRue

Question 3

Where are cell bodies of visceral afferent fibers located?

Answer 3

posterior root ganglion or relevant cranial nerve ganglion

Question 4

How do the central processes of visceral afferents enter the cord?

Answer 4

through posterior root or specific cranial nerve

Question 5

T/F: Peripheral processes (dendrites) carry impulses from the viscera to cell bodies via autonomic ganglia, plexus or even somatic nerves while only synapsing twice.

Answer 5

False; do not synapse in PNS (obviously it does in the CNS though)

Question 6

How do sympathetic afferents travel through the sympathetic trunk to the spinal ganglia?

Answer 6

by passing through the white ramus communicans

Question 7

Which afferents travel in sacral spinal nerves and cranial nerves?

Answer 7

Parasympathetic afferents

Question 8

What kind of receptors are associated with visceral afferents?

Answer 8

receptors that are sensitive to pressure, chemical concentrations, and muscle stretching (both smooth and cardiac muscle)

Question 9

Which cranial and sacral nerves carry parasympathetic pre-ganglionic fibers?

Answer 9

CN III, VII, IX, X

S2, 3, and 4

Question 10

Where do preganglionic parasympathetics generally synapse?

Answer 10

on postganglionic neurons in peripheral ganglia

Question 11

T/F: postganglionic parasympathetic fibers are responsible for constricting the bronchial tree and the pupils.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Which parasympathetic nerves (generally) supply the distal parts of the digestive system and urogenital systems?

Answer 12

S2, 3, and 4

Question 13

Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies associated with CN III located?

Answer 13

accessory oculomotor nucleus in the periaqueductal grey

Question 14

What is the other name for the accessory oculomotor nucleus?

Answer 14

Edinger-Westphal

Question 15

What ganglion do parasympathetic fibers from the accessory oculomotor nucleus synapse on?

Answer 15

ciliary ganglion

Question 16

Postganglionic parasympathetic axons carried by the short ciliary nerves enter the eyeball and supply which two muscles?

Answer 16

ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae

Question 17

Which muscle supplied by the short ciliary nerves contracts to make the lens more convex? which decreases the size of the pupil?

Answer 17

ciliary muscle;

sphincter pupillae

Question 18

Where are the preganglionic parasym cell bodies associated with CN VII located?

Answer 18

salivary nucleus (superior part)

Question 19

What two branches carry preganglionic parasym fibers from CN VII?

Answer 19

Greater petrosal nerve and Chorda tympani

Question 20

What ganglia are associated with the course of the Greater Petrosal nerve?

Answer 20

leaves facial nerve at geniculate ganglion, ultimately joins the pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 21

Where does the Greater Petrosal nerve re-enter the skull?

Answer 21

petrous part of the temporal bone through foramen lacerum

Question 22

Postganglionic fibers from the Greater Petrosal nerve reach the lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and pharyngeal glands after being distributed in which nerves?

Answer 22

lacrimal and pterygopalatine nerves

Question 23

Which branch of the facial nerve carries preganglionic parasym fibers through the tympanic cavity?

Answer 23

Chorda tympani

Question 24

Where does the chorda tympani leave the temporal bone?

Answer 24

pterygopalatine fissure

Question 25

After leaving the temporal bone, what nerve does the chorda tympani combine with?

Answer 25

lingual nerve, branch of the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

Question 26

Which ganglion is associated with the chorda tympani?

Answer 26

submandibular ganglion (fibers reach it after leaving the lingual nerve)

Question 27

What glands are supplied by postganglionic fibers from the chorda tympani?

Answer 27

submandibular, sublingual, and lingual glands (via submandibular gland; also other glands found in the mucous membranes of the oral cavity)

Question 28

Where are preganglionic parasym cell bodies associated with CN IX located?

Answer 28

salivary nucleus (inferior part)

Question 29

T/F: Both the greater and the lesser petrosal nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

What branch off of the glossopharyngeal nerve comes off at the inferior ganglion and carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?

Answer 30

tympanic nerve

Question 31

The tympanic nerve travels through the tympanic canaliculus into the tympanic cavity the receives postganglionic sympathetic fibers from which ganglion to form the tympanic plexus?

Answer 31

superior cervical ganglion

Question 32

Which cranial nerve carrying parasympathetic fibers is associated with the otic ganglion?

Answer 32

CN IX

Question 33

After preganglionic parasympathetic fibers pass through the tympanic plexus, they reform as what nerve?

Answer 33

lesser petrosal nerve

Question 34

The lesser petrosal nerve travels through the lesser petrosal canal to which ganglion?

Answer 34

otic ganglion

Question 35

What glands are postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion carried to?

Answer 35

parotid and posterior lingual glands

Question 36

What nerve do postganglionic parsympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion join up with to reach the parotid gland?

Answer 36

auriculotemporal nerve of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 37

The posterior lingual glands receive postganglionic parsympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion via what branch?

Answer 37

lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 38

T/F: CN IX contains special sensory fibers.

Answer 38

True (taste)

Question 39

CN IX carries visceral afferents in the branch of the carotid sinus from baroreceptors and chemoreceptors located where?

Answer 39

baroreceptors - carotid sinus

chemoreceptors - carotid body

Question 40

Which CN is associated with the accessory occulomotor nucleus? superior salivatory nucleus? inferior salivatory nucleus?

Answer 40

3; 7; 9