Parasympathetics Part 1 Flashcards
T/F: Parasympathetics oppose sympathetics.
False; work in concert together to maintain homeostasis
T/F: parasympathetics are typically cholinergic (Acetylcholine), and sympathetics are typically adrenergic (norepinephrine).
TRue
Where are cell bodies of visceral afferent fibers located?
posterior root ganglion or relevant cranial nerve ganglion
How do the central processes of visceral afferents enter the cord?
through posterior root or specific cranial nerve
T/F: Peripheral processes (dendrites) carry impulses from the viscera to cell bodies via autonomic ganglia, plexus or even somatic nerves while only synapsing twice.
False; do not synapse in PNS (obviously it does in the CNS though)
How do sympathetic afferents travel through the sympathetic trunk to the spinal ganglia?
by passing through the white ramus communicans
Which afferents travel in sacral spinal nerves and cranial nerves?
Parasympathetic afferents
What kind of receptors are associated with visceral afferents?
receptors that are sensitive to pressure, chemical concentrations, and muscle stretching (both smooth and cardiac muscle)
Which cranial and sacral nerves carry parasympathetic pre-ganglionic fibers?
CN III, VII, IX, X
S2, 3, and 4
Where do preganglionic parasympathetics generally synapse?
on postganglionic neurons in peripheral ganglia
T/F: postganglionic parasympathetic fibers are responsible for constricting the bronchial tree and the pupils.
True
Which parasympathetic nerves (generally) supply the distal parts of the digestive system and urogenital systems?
S2, 3, and 4
Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies associated with CN III located?
accessory oculomotor nucleus in the periaqueductal grey
What is the other name for the accessory oculomotor nucleus?
Edinger-Westphal
What ganglion do parasympathetic fibers from the accessory oculomotor nucleus synapse on?
ciliary ganglion
Postganglionic parasympathetic axons carried by the short ciliary nerves enter the eyeball and supply which two muscles?
ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae
Which muscle supplied by the short ciliary nerves contracts to make the lens more convex? which decreases the size of the pupil?
ciliary muscle;
sphincter pupillae
Where are the preganglionic parasym cell bodies associated with CN VII located?
salivary nucleus (superior part)
What two branches carry preganglionic parasym fibers from CN VII?
Greater petrosal nerve and Chorda tympani
What ganglia are associated with the course of the Greater Petrosal nerve?
leaves facial nerve at geniculate ganglion, ultimately joins the pterygopalatine ganglion
Where does the Greater Petrosal nerve re-enter the skull?
petrous part of the temporal bone through foramen lacerum
Postganglionic fibers from the Greater Petrosal nerve reach the lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and pharyngeal glands after being distributed in which nerves?
lacrimal and pterygopalatine nerves
Which branch of the facial nerve carries preganglionic parasym fibers through the tympanic cavity?
Chorda tympani
Where does the chorda tympani leave the temporal bone?
pterygopalatine fissure
After leaving the temporal bone, what nerve does the chorda tympani combine with?
lingual nerve, branch of the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
Which ganglion is associated with the chorda tympani?
submandibular ganglion (fibers reach it after leaving the lingual nerve)
What glands are supplied by postganglionic fibers from the chorda tympani?
submandibular, sublingual, and lingual glands (via submandibular gland; also other glands found in the mucous membranes of the oral cavity)
Where are preganglionic parasym cell bodies associated with CN IX located?
salivary nucleus (inferior part)
T/F: Both the greater and the lesser petrosal nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.
True
What branch off of the glossopharyngeal nerve comes off at the inferior ganglion and carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?
tympanic nerve
The tympanic nerve travels through the tympanic canaliculus into the tympanic cavity the receives postganglionic sympathetic fibers from which ganglion to form the tympanic plexus?
superior cervical ganglion
Which cranial nerve carrying parasympathetic fibers is associated with the otic ganglion?
CN IX
After preganglionic parasympathetic fibers pass through the tympanic plexus, they reform as what nerve?
lesser petrosal nerve
The lesser petrosal nerve travels through the lesser petrosal canal to which ganglion?
otic ganglion
What glands are postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion carried to?
parotid and posterior lingual glands
What nerve do postganglionic parsympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion join up with to reach the parotid gland?
auriculotemporal nerve of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
The posterior lingual glands receive postganglionic parsympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion via what branch?
lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
T/F: CN IX contains special sensory fibers.
True (taste)
CN IX carries visceral afferents in the branch of the carotid sinus from baroreceptors and chemoreceptors located where?
baroreceptors - carotid sinus
chemoreceptors - carotid body
Which CN is associated with the accessory occulomotor nucleus? superior salivatory nucleus? inferior salivatory nucleus?
3; 7; 9
