Sympathetics Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which cervical sympathetic ganglion is the smallest?

A

middle cervical ganglion

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2
Q

Where is the middle cervical ganglion located?

A

at level of C6

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3
Q

T/F: The middle cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk carries parasympathetic info.

A

False

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4
Q

The middle cervical ganglia communicate with the anterior primary rami of which nerves via the gray rami communicans?

A

C5 and C6

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5
Q

Which glands receive branches directly from the middle cervical ganglion?

A

thyroid and parathyroid glands

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6
Q

What is the primary function of the thyroid branches from the middle cervical ganglion?

A

primarily vasomotor

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7
Q

Cardiac branches from the middle cervical ganglion make up the middle cardiac nerves. What do these nerves contribute to?

A

the deep part of the cardiac plexus

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8
Q

How often does the inferior cervical ganglion fuse with the 1st thoracic ganglion to form the stellate ganglion?

A

about 80% of the time

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9
Q

Where is the inferior cervical ganglion located?

A

at the level of C7 transverse process and neck of 1st rib

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10
Q

Which anterior primary rami does the inferior cervical ganglion communicate with via gray rami communicans?

A

C7 and C8 (also T1 if fused to form stellate)

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11
Q

What are the branches from the inferior cervical ganglion called which travel to the heart?

A

inferior cardiac nerves

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12
Q

What major arteries does the inferior cervical ganglion send branches to form plexuses around?

A

subclavian artery and its branches, namely axillary and vertebral arteries

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13
Q

How many ganglia usually exist in the thoracic area of the sympathetic trunk?

A

usually 11, sometimes 12

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14
Q

How many ganglia are usually in the thoracic area of the sympathetic trunk when the stellate is present and considered a cervical ganglion?

A

usually 10, sometimes 11

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15
Q

T/F: All thoracic nerves have a gray and a white ramus communicans.

A

True

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16
Q

T/F: In the superior thorax, ganglia are located on the lateral aspects of the vertebral bodies.

A

False; this is true of the lower part of the thorax. In the superior thorax, ganglia are located anterior to the rib heads.

17
Q

Which sympathetic thoracic ganglia travel medially and supply structures in the thoracic cavity?

A

the upper 5 thoracic ganglia

18
Q

T/F: the branches from the upper five thoracic ganglia carry postganglionic fibers and visceral efferents.

A

False; postganglionic fibers and visceral afferents

19
Q

How many splanchnic nerves are associated with the lower seven segments of the thoracic sympathetic trunk? What are they?

A

3; greater splanchnic, lesser splanchnic, and least splanchnic nerves

20
Q

T/F: the splanchnic nerves associated with lower seven segments of the thoracic sympathetic trunk carry fibers to plexuses in the abdominal and pelvic cavities as well as visceral afferent info.

A

True

21
Q

What splanchnic nerve is formed from the 5th through 9th thoracic ganglia and terminates in the celiac ganglion?

A

greater splanchnic nerve

22
Q

What splanchnic nerve is formed by the 9th and 10th (or 10th and 11th) thoracic ganglia then ends in the aorticorenal ganglion?

A

lesser splanchnic nerve

23
Q

Which splanchnic nerve is formed by fibers from the 12th thoracic ganglion and terminates in the renal plexus?

A

least splanchnic nerve

24
Q

Which part of the sympathetic trunk is considered retroperitoneal?

A

lumbar (maybe part of the thoracic too)

25
Q

How many lumbar ganglia are usually associated with the sympathetic trunk?

A

4

26
Q

Which lumbar nerves have a white ramus communicans that carries preganglionic axons into the sympathetic trunk?

A

the first two, sometimes the third

27
Q

Which lumbar nerves have a gray ramus communicans?

A

all 5

28
Q

How many lumbar splanchnic nerves carry preganglionic axons to the plexus surrounding the abdominal aorta?

A

2-4

29
Q

Where are the sacral sympathetic trunks located?

A

anterior aspect of sacrum medial to the anterior sacral foramina

30
Q

How many ganglia are usually present in the sacral sympathetic trunk?

A

4, sometimes 5

31
Q

T/F: grey rami communicans are associated with each sacral nerve, but not the coccygeal nerve.

A

False; present at all spinal nerves

32
Q

What is formed when the two sympathetic trunks meet after descending down the spinal column?

A

ganglion impar

33
Q

Where is the ganglion impar usually formed?

A

anterior surface of coccyx