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A&P Study Notes > Sympathetic/Parasympathetic; Cranial Nerves (Ch 14) > Flashcards

Sympathetic/Parasympathetic; Cranial Nerves (Ch 14) Flashcards

1
Q

The 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions

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2
Q

mobilizes the body during extreme situations

A

Sympathetic system

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3
Q

performs maintenance activities and conserves body energy

A

Parasympathetic system

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4
Q

The “resting and digesting” system, keeps body energy use as low as possible

A

Parasympathetic

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5
Q

Involves the D activities – digestion, defecation, and diuresis.

A

Parasympathetic

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6
Q

The “fight-or-flight” system

A

Sympathetic

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7
Q

Involves E activities – exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment

A

Sympathetic

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8
Q

During vigorous physical activity, sympathetic division promotes other adjustments. What are they?

A

Visceral blood vessels are constricted
Bronchioles in the lungs dilate
temporarily nonessential activities, such as gastrointestinal tract motility are damped

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9
Q

In the parasympathetic (cranial division) division, what is cranial outflow

A

Preganglionic fibers run in the oculomotor, facial, glosspharyngeal, and vagus cranial nerves

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10
Q

innervate smooth muscles in the eyes that cause pupils to constrict and the lenses to bulge, so one can focus on close objects.

A

Oculomotor nerves (III)

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11
Q

stimulate many large glands in the head. Fibers that activate the nasal glands and the lacrimal glands of the eyes

A

Facial nerves (VII)

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12
Q

activate the parotid salivary glands

A

Glossopharyngeal nerves (IX)

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13
Q

fibers to the neck and to nerve plexuses serving virtually every organ in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

Vagus nerves (X)

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14
Q

Vagus nerves innervate what

A

liver, gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, kidneys, pancreas, and the proximal half of the large intestine

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15
Q

As the vagus nerves pass into the thorax, they send branches to the

A

cardiac plexuses supplying fibers to the heart that slow heart rate, the pulmonary plexuses serving the lungs and bronchi, and the esophageal plexuses supplying the esophagus.

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16
Q

the rest of the large intestine and the pelvic organs are served by the

A

sacral outflow

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17
Q

What other organs are served by the sacral outflow

A

distal half of the large intestine, urinary bladder, ureters, and reproductive organs

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18
Q

which division innervates more organs

A

sympathetic

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19
Q

How do the sympathetic (thoracolumbar) division innervate the pathways to the head

A

Serves the skin and blood vessels of the head; It’s fibers stimulate the dilator muscles of the irises of the eyes, inhibit the nasal and salivary glands, innervate the smooth muscle that lifts the upper eyelid

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20
Q

How do the sympathetic (thoracolumbar) division innervate the pathways to the thorax

A

Originates at T1-T6; Innervate the heart via the cardiac plexus, some innervate the thyroid gland

21
Q

the major neurotransmitters released by ANS neurons

A

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine

22
Q

the major actor in controlling blood pressure, even at rest

A

Sympathetic division

23
Q

Division that normally dominate the heart and the smooth muscle of digestive and urinary tract organs

A

Parasympathetic

24
Q

Division that slows the heart and dictates the normal activity levels of the digestive and urinary tracts

A

Parasympathetic division

25
Q

most glands are activated by ______ fibers

A

parasympathetic

26
Q

which division increases the metabolic rate of body cells

A

Sympathetic division

27
Q

All parasympathetic fibers release

A

ACh

28
Q

which division raises blood glucose levels

A

Sympathetic division

29
Q

exerts short-lived, highly localized control over its effectors

A

parasympathetic division

30
Q

which division mobilizes fats for use as fuels

A

Sympathetic division

31
Q

Main integration center of the ANS

A

hypothalamus

32
Q

which division increases mental alertness by stimulating the reticular activating system of the brain stem

A

Sympathetic division

33
Q

Medial and anterior hypothalamic regions direct

A

parasympathetic functions

34
Q

lateral and posterior areas direct

A

sympathetic function

35
Q

contains centers that coordinate heart activity, blood pressure, body temperature, water balance, and endocrine activity

A

hypothalamus

36
Q

Emotional responses of the limbic lobe of the cerebrum to danger and stress signal the hypothalamus to activate the sympathetic system to

A

fight or flight status

37
Q

serves as the keystone of the emotional and visceral brain, through its centers emotions influence autonomic nervous system functioning and behavior.

A

hypothalamus

38
Q

nerves of smell

A

I. olfactory

39
Q

nerve of vision. Outgrowth of the brain

A

II. optic

40
Q

means “eye mover”. Supplies four of the six extrinsic muscles that move the eyeball in the orbit.

A

III. oculomotor

41
Q

innervates an extrinsic eye muscles that loops through a pulley-shaped ligament in the orbit.

A

IV. trochlear

42
Q

3 branches, largest of the cranial nerves. Sensory fibers to the face and motor fibers to the chewing muscles.

A

V. Trigeminal

43
Q

controls the extrinsic eye muscles that abducts the eyeball (turns it laterally).

A

VI. Abducens

44
Q

innervates muscles of facial expression.

A

VII. Facial

45
Q

sensory nerve for hearing and balance, formerly the auditory nerve

A

VIII. Vestibulocochlear

46
Q

means “tongue and pharynx” and helps to innervate these structures.

A

IX. Glossopharyngeal

47
Q

only cranial nerve to extend to the abdomen

A

X. Vagus

48
Q

accessory part of the vagus nerve. Formerly called the spinal accessory nerve.

A

XI. Accessory

49
Q

runs inferior to the tongue and innervates some tongue-moving muscles

A

XII. Hypoglossal

A&P Study Notes (12 decks)

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