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A&P Study Notes > Ch 15-The Special Senses > Flashcards

Ch 15-The Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What do the accessory structures include

A

eyebrows, eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus, and extrinsic eye muscles

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2
Q

Coarse hairs that overlie the supraorbital margins

Functions include: Shading the eye; Preventing perspiration from reaching the eye

A

Eyebrows

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3
Q

Protect the eye anteriorly

A

Palpebrae (Eyelids)

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4
Q

separates eyelids

A

Palpebral fissure

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5
Q

medial and lateral angles (commissures)

A

canthi

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6
Q

contains glands that secrete a whitish, oily secretion (Sandman’s eye sand)

A

Lacrimal caruncle

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7
Q

Project from the free margin of each eyelid

Initiate reflex blinking

A

Eyelashes

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8
Q

Protects eyes from foreign objects

Prevents drying of the eye

A

Eyelashes

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9
Q

Transparent membrane that lines the eyelids as the palpebral conjunctiva

A

Conjunctiva

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10
Q

Covers the whites of the eyes as the bulbar conjunctiva; Lubricates and protects the eye

A

Conjunctiva

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11
Q

Consists of the lacrimal gland and associated ducts

A

Lacrimal Apparatus

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12
Q

secrete tears

A

Lacrimal glands

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13
Q

Contain mucus, antibodies, and lysozyme (destroys bacteria)

A

tears

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14
Q

Enable the eye to follow moving objects

Maintain the shape of the eyeball

A

Extrinsic Eye Muscles

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15
Q

thin, skin-covered folds.

A

eyelids

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16
Q

A slightly irregular hollow sphere with anterior and posterior poles

A

eyeball

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17
Q

The wall of the eyeball is composed of three tunics

A

fibrous, vascular, and sensory

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18
Q

The internal cavity is filled with fluids called

A

humors

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19
Q

The lens separates the internal cavity into

A

anterior and posterior segments

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20
Q

Forms the outermost coat of the eye and is composed of Opaque sclera (posteriorly); “whites of the eyes”
protects the eye and anchors extrinsic muscles

A

Fibrous Tunic

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21
Q

lets light enter the eye

A

Clear cornea (anteriorly)

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22
Q

Middle coat of the eyeball.

Pigmented layer.

A

Vascular Tunic (Uvea): Choroid Region

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23
Q

What are the three parts of Vascular Tunic (Uvea): Choroid Region

A

choroid, ciliary body, and iris

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24
Q

A dark brown membrane that forms the posterior portion of the uvea

A

Vascular Tunic (Uvea): Choroid Region

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25
Q

Supplies blood to all eye tunics

A

Vascular Tunic (Uvea): Choroid Region

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26
Q

Helps absorb light, preventing it from scattering and reflecting within the eye.

A

Vascular Tunic (Uvea): Choroid Region

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27
Q

Anteriorly, the choroid becomes

A

the ciliary body

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28
Q

Controls lens shape

A

Ciliary Body

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29
Q

A thickened ring of tissue surrounding the lens

A

Ciliary Body

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30
Q

The visible, colored part of the eye

A

Iris

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31
Q

Lies between the cornea and the lens & is continuous with the ciliary body posteriorly

A

Iris

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32
Q

central opening of the iris

A

pupil

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33
Q

Run along the inner surface of the retina

Leave the eye as the optic nerve

A

Ganglion cell axons

34
Q 
Is the site where the optic nerve leaves the eye
Lacks photoreceptors (the blind spot)
A

The optic disc

35
Q

Photoreceptors of the retina

A

rods, cones

36
Q

Respond to dim light

Are used for peripheral vision

A

rods

37
Q

Respond to bright light
Have high-acuity color vision
Are found in the macula lutea

A

Cones

38
Q

separates the internal eye into anterior and posterior segments

A

The lens

39
Q

The anterior segment is composed of two chambers

A

anterior and posterior

40
Q

between the cornea and the iris

A

anterior

41
Q

between the iris and the lens

A

posterior

42
Q

A biconvex, transparent, flexible, avascular structure that:

Allows precise focusing of light onto the retina

A

Lens

43
Q

Pathway of light entering the eye

A

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, and the neural layer of the retina to the photoreceptors

44
Q

Arranged in a stack of disklike infoldings of the plasma membrane that change shape as they absorb light

A

Photoreceptors

45
Q

Sensitive to dim light and best suited for night vision

A

rods

46
Q

Absorb all wavelengths of visible light

A

rods

47
Q

Perceived input is in gray tones only

A

rods

48
Q

The three types of cones

A

blue, green, and red

49
Q

Functional characteristics
Need bright light for activation (have low sensitivity)
Have pigments that furnish a vividly colored view

A

Cones

50
Q

to substances dissolved in saliva

A

taste

51
Q

to substances dissolved in fluids of the nasal membranes

A

smell

52
Q

gustation

A

taste

53
Q

olfaction

A

smell

54
Q

gustation and olfaction are what type of senses

A

chemical senses

55
Q

The organ of smell is the

A

olfactory epithelium

56
Q

What does the olfactory epithelium cover

A

superior nasal concha

57
Q

found in papillae of the tongue mucosa

A

Taste buds

58
Q

which papillae contain taste buds

A

Fungiform and circumvallate

59
Q

Part of the outer ear-auricle composed of

A

helix, lobule, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane

60
Q

Auricle is called

A

pinna

61
Q

what is the helix

A

rim

62
Q

what is the lobule

A

earlobe

63
Q

Short, curved tube filled with ceruminous glands

A

External auditory canal

64
Q

Thin connective tissue membrane that vibrates in response to sound
Transfers sound energy to the middle ear ossicles
Boundary between outer and middle ears

A

Tympanic membrane

65
Q

Eardrum

A

Tympanic membrane

66
Q

A small, air-filled, mucosa-lined cavity

Flanked laterally by the eardrum

A

Middle Ear

67
Q

connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx

A

Pharyngotympanic tube

68
Q

Equalizes pressure in the middle ear cavity with the external air pressure

A

Pharyngotympanic tube

69
Q

Inner Ear is also called

A

Bony labyrinth

70
Q

Contains the vestibule, the cochlea, and the semicircular canals

A

Inner Ear

71
Q

Channels worming their way through the temporal bone

A

Inner Ear

72
Q

The central cavity of the bony labyrinth

A

The Vestibule

73
Q

Suspended in the vestibule perilymph are two sacs

A

the saccule and utricle

74
Q

what do the two sace in the vestibule do

A

House equilibrium receptors called maculae

Respond to gravity and changes in the position of the head

75
Q

A spiral, conical, bony chamber that:

Extends from the anterior vestibule

A

The Cochlea

76
Q

The cochlea is divided into three chambers

A

Scala vestibuli
Scala media
Scala tympani

77
Q

A pressure disturbance (alternating areas of high and low pressure) originating from a vibrating object

A

Sound

78
Q

The route of sound to the inner ear follows this pathway: outer

A

pinna, auditory canal, eardrum

79
Q

The route of sound to the inner ear follows this pathway: middle

A

malleus, incus, and stapes to the oval window

80
Q

The route of sound to the inner ear follows this pathway: inner

A

scalas vestibuli and tympani to the cochlear duct

A&P Study Notes (12 decks)

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