Molecules (Ch 1) Flashcards
a combination of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
Molecule
When two hydrogen atoms bond
molecule of hydrogen gas
When two or more atoms of the same element combine,
the result is a substance called a molecule of that element
When two or more different kinds of atoms bond, they form
molecules of a compound
Two hydrogen atoms bond with an atom of oxygen, the result is
water
molecules which don’t contain carbon.
Inorganic Compounds
molecules unique to living systems, proteins, carbs, lipids (fats) and nucleic acids, all containing carbon
Organic Compounds
carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbides are considered what kind of compound
Inorganic
a group of molecules that includes sugars and starches. C6H12O6
carbohydrate
Can be classified according to size and solubility as a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide
carbohydrate
Major function of carbs in the body is to provide a ready and easy source of
cellular fuel
the basic structural material of the body
proteins
the building blocks of proteins
amino acids
All amino acids have two important functional groups
amine group and acid group
Provide the body’s most efficient and compact form of storing usable energy fuel
lipids
largest molecules in the body. Structural units, nucleotides.
nucleic acids
what are the 5 nitrogen bases
adenine (A) guanine (G) cytosine (C) thymine (T) uracil (U)
found in the nucleus of the cell and contains genetic material or genes
DNA
it replicates (reproduces) itself before a cell divides and provides instructions for building every protein in the body
DNA
The bases in DNA are
A, G, T, C
A always bond to __ and G to ____
T, C
Proteins include ____, _____, and ____ ____ of the muscle
enzymes, hemoglobin, and contractile proteins of the muscle
Three major types of chemical bonds result from attractive forces between atoms
Ionic bonds
Covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Chemical bond between atoms formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other.
Ionic bonds
The atom that loses electrons (electron donor) acquires a net positive charge
cation
The atom that gains an electron or more, (electron acceptor) acquires a net negative charge
anion
Molecules in which the shared electrons occupy a single orbital common to both atoms.
Covalent Bonds
what kind of molecules make up a covalent bond
polar and nonpolar molecules
molecules formed by covalent bonds, are electrically balanced. Ex. carbon dioxide
nonpolar molecules
molecules formed by covalent bonds, with unequal electron pair sharing (not electrically balanced)
polar molecules
Formed when a hydrogen atom, is attracted by another electron-hungry atom and forms a bridge between them; can’t form molecules.
hydrogen bonds
most abundant and important inorganic compound in living material
water
