Molecules (Ch 1)

Question 1

a combination of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Answer 1

Molecule

Question 2

When two hydrogen atoms bond

Answer 2

molecule of hydrogen gas

Question 3

When two or more atoms of the same element combine,

Answer 3

the result is a substance called a molecule of that element

Question 4

When two or more different kinds of atoms bond, they form

Answer 4

molecules of a compound

Question 5

Two hydrogen atoms bond with an atom of oxygen, the result is

Answer 5

water

Question 6

molecules which don’t contain carbon.

Answer 6

Inorganic Compounds

Question 7

molecules unique to living systems, proteins, carbs, lipids (fats) and nucleic acids, all containing carbon

Answer 7

Organic Compounds

Question 8

carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbides are considered what kind of compound

Answer 8

Inorganic

Question 9

a group of molecules that includes sugars and starches. C6H12O6

Answer 9

carbohydrate

Question 10

Can be classified according to size and solubility as a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide

Answer 10

carbohydrate

Question 11

Major function of carbs in the body is to provide a ready and easy source of

Answer 11

cellular fuel

Question 12

the basic structural material of the body

Answer 12

proteins

Question 13

the building blocks of proteins

Answer 13

amino acids

Question 14

All amino acids have two important functional groups

Answer 14

amine group and acid group

Question 15

Provide the body’s most efficient and compact form of storing usable energy fuel

Answer 15

lipids

Question 16

largest molecules in the body. Structural units, nucleotides.

Answer 16

nucleic acids

Question 17

what are the 5 nitrogen bases

Answer 17

adenine (A)
guanine (G)
cytosine (C)
thymine (T)
uracil (U)

Question 18

found in the nucleus of the cell and contains genetic material or genes

Answer 18

DNA

Question 19

it replicates (reproduces) itself before a cell divides and provides instructions for building every protein in the body

Answer 19

DNA

Question 20

The bases in DNA are

Answer 20

A, G, T, C

Question 21

A always bond to __ and G to ____

Answer 21

T, C

Question 22

Proteins include ____, _____, and ____ ____ of the muscle

Answer 22

enzymes, hemoglobin, and contractile proteins of the muscle

Question 23

Three major types of chemical bonds result from attractive forces between atoms

Answer 23

Ionic bonds
Covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds

Question 24

Chemical bond between atoms formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other.

Answer 24

Ionic bonds

Question 25

The atom that loses electrons (electron donor) acquires a net positive charge

Answer 25

cation

Question 26

The atom that gains an electron or more, (electron acceptor) acquires a net negative charge

Answer 26

anion

Question 27

Molecules in which the shared electrons occupy a single orbital common to both atoms.

Answer 27

Covalent Bonds

Question 28

what kind of molecules make up a covalent bond

Answer 28

polar and nonpolar molecules

Question 29

molecules formed by covalent bonds, are electrically balanced. Ex. carbon dioxide

Answer 29

nonpolar molecules

Question 30

molecules formed by covalent bonds, with unequal electron pair sharing (not electrically balanced)

Answer 30

polar molecules

Question 31

Formed when a hydrogen atom, is attracted by another electron-hungry atom and forms a bridge between them; can’t form molecules.

Answer 31

hydrogen bonds

Question 32

most abundant and important inorganic compound in living material

Answer 32

water