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HOSA-PATHO > sx 2 > Flashcards

sx 2 Flashcards

1
Q

episodes of cramping or aching abdominal pain relieved by defecation, change in bowel habits w/predominant diarrhea or constipation or alternation, bloating, abdominal distention, tenesmus, gastroesophageal reflux, nausea, feeling of lump in throat

A

irritable bowel syndrome

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2
Q

abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weakness, profuse sweating, fever, distention, abdominal tenderness, septicemia, shock, death

A

peritonitis

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3
Q

painless, rectal pain, itching, protrusion, bleeding after defecation, mucous discharge from rectum, feeling of incomplete defecation, difficulty cleaning anal area, painful anal lump

A

hemorrhoids

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4
Q

loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, abdominal distention, edema, bleed and bruise easily, frequent nosebleeds, jaundice, skin dry and pruritus, small red spidery marks on face and body, testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, loss of chest hair, impaired memory, confusion, drowsiness, hepatic failure, death

A

cirrhosis of liver

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5
Q

asymptomatic, abnormal findings on blood and urine tests, abrupt onset of headache, anorexia, malaise, fever, nausea, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice, yellowing of sclera of eyes, abdominal discomfort, myalgia, liver enlargement

A

viral hepatitis

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6
Q

asymptomatic, sx of liver disease, upper abdominal pain, weight loss, early satiety, palpable abdominal mass, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, elevated bilirubin, low albumin, electrolyte abnormalities, elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein

A

cancer of liver (HCC)

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7
Q

asymptomatic, colicky pain/biliary colic, pain in RUQ radiation to right upper back scapula, nausea, vomiting, severe pain, flatulence, clay-colored stools, jaundice, transient elevations of bilirubin/line phosphate/AST/ALT

A

cholelithiasis (gallstones)

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8
Q

acute colicky pain, pain in URQ and radiates to right lower scapular region, nausea, vomiting, guarding of URQ muscles, shallow respirations, fever, jaundice, clay-colored stools, dark urine, pruritus, peritonitis, resolve spontaneously

A

cholecystitis

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9
Q

sudden onset of severe abdominal pain radiating to back, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain worsened by waking or lying supine but better sitting and leaning forward, diaphoretic, tachycardic, shallow rapid respirations, low BP, increased body temp, tender abdomen gen in upper quadrants, no guarding and rigidity, reduced bowel sounds, mild jaundice

A

acute and chronic pancreatitis

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10
Q

abdominal pain, weight loss, jaundice, nausea, vomiting, acholic stools, steatorrhea, ascites, abdominal tenderness, palpable gallbladder, glucose intolerance, weakness, fatigue, diarrhea, elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase concentrations

A

pancreatic cancer

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11
Q

emaciation, obestiy, loss of energy, diarrhea, drastic weight change, skin lesions, loss of hair, poor nails, generalized edema, delayed healing, greasy stools, muscle wasting, enlarged glands, hepatomegaly, abnormal blood and urine tests

A

malnutrition

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12
Q

irritability, loss of hair, anorexia, enlargement of liver and spleen, jaundice, skin changes, psychiatric disorder, increased pressure in brain, tinnitus, pruritus, swelling of optic nerve, abnormal bone growth

A

vitamin a toxicity

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13
Q

calcificatino of soft tissue, poor appetite, weakness, kidney damage, excessive thirst and urination, mental changes

A

vitamin D toxicity

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14
Q

dyspnea, flushing, cardiovascular complications, RBC hemolysis, jaundice, brain damage

A

vitamin K toxicity

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15
Q

nausea, diarrhea, acidification of urine,, flushing, hyperglycemia, liver damage, photosensitivity, peripheral nerve dmage

A

vitamin C toxicity

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16
Q

abdominal discomfort, bloating with gas, abnormal bowel movements, chronic diarrhea, yellowish gray greasy looking stools, weight loss, anemia, SOB, sx of vitamin and mineral deficiency

A

malabsorption syndrome

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17
Q

weight loss, anorexia, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal distention, intestinal bleeding, weakness, muscle wasting, dermatitis herpetiformis, large pale greasy foul-smelling stool, malnutrition and malabsorption

A

celiac disease (gluten enteropathy)

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18
Q

rumbling stomach, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea with abdominal pain, cramps, malaise, fever, dehydration

A

food poisoning

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19
Q

thinning hair, poor wound healing, dental changes, amenorrhea, cold intolerance, constipation, bloating, abdominal distress, hyperactivity, hypotensive, bradycardia, hypothermia, feelings of sadness, insomnia, purging

A

anorexia nervosa

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20
Q

compulsive exercise, swollen salivary glands, broken blood vessels in eye

A

bulimia

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21
Q

nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, hoarseness, sneezing, watery eyes, coughing, headache, slight fever, chills, discharge is greenish yellow and thick

A

common cold (upper respiratory tract infection)

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22
Q

headache over one or both eyes especially after waking up, pain and tenderness above eyes intensifies when bending down, pain in cheeks and upper teeth, drainage thick greenish yellow mucopurulent liquid

A

sinusitis

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23
Q

sore throat w/dryness, burning sensation, sensation of lump in throat, chills, fever, dysphonia, dysphagia, cervical lymphadenopathy, red and swollen mucosa of pharynx with or w/o tonsillar exudate

A

pharyngitis

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24
Q

neck mass, nasal obstruction w/epistaxis, serous otitis media, headache, hearing loss, tinnitus pain, impaired function of cranial nerves

A

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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25
Q

hoarseness, aphonia, fever, malaise, painful throat, dysphagia

A

laryngitis

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26
Q

dysphonia, stridor

A

laryngeal tumor

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27
Q

persistent hoarseness, dysphagia, hemoptysis, chronic cough, referred pain to ear, stridor, airway obstruction

A

laryngeal cancer

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28
Q

substernal retraction, cyanosis, physical exam, diminished breath sounds, mediastinal shift toward side of collapse

A

atelectasis

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29
Q

sudden onset of dyspnea and chest pain, tachycardia, apprehension

A

pulmonary embolism

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30
Q

cough, fever, SOB, chills, sweating, chest pains, cyanosis, blood in sputum, shallow and rapid respiration

A

pneumonia

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31
Q

malaise, headache, cough, fever, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, chills, myalgia, diarrhea, anorexia

A

legionellosis (legionnaires disease and pontiac fever)

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32
Q

coldlike sx, nasal congestion, otitis media, coughing in mild upper respiratory tract, fever, malaise, lethargy, coughing, wheezing, and dyspnea

A

respiratory syncytial virus pneomina

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33
Q

asymptomatic, dyspnea, febrile, loss of energy, spleen and lymph nesdo enlarged

A

histplasmosis

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34
Q

inflammation of upper and lower membranes, severe protracted cough, fever, headache, sore throat, generalized malaise, fever, chills, weakness, sweating

A

influenza

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35
Q

fever, cough, sore throat, body ache, headache, chills, fatigue, diarrhea, vomiting, pneumonia, death

A

H1N1 (swine flu)

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36
Q

deep persistent productive cough, thick yellow to gray sputum, SOB, wheezing, slightly elevated temperature, pain in upper chest aggravated by cough, scattered or occasional rales

A

acute bronchitis

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37
Q

slight cough in mornings, obstructive and asthmatic sx, wheezing, flares, soughing, SOB, wheezing

A

chronic bronchitis

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38
Q

chronic cough with large quantities of purulent foul smelling sputum, hemoptysis, dyspnea, wheezing, fever, malaise, chronic halitosis

A

bronchiectasis

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39
Q

wheezing, productive cough, difficulty breathing, airway closure, severe anxiety

A

asthma

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40
Q

enlarged alveoli, dyspnea, increasing difficulty breathing, tachypnea, wheezing, cough, barrel chest from using accessory muscles to force out air, SOB, purses list to assist exhaling, circumoral cyanosis, sx of right ventricular heart failure, digital clubbing

A

pulmonary emphysema

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41
Q

dyspnea on exertion, dry cough becoming productive and similar to chronic bronchitis, increasing effort for inspiration, pulmonary hypertension, tachypnea, general malaise, recurrent respiratory tract infection, regular exposure to dust

A

pneumoconiosis

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42
Q

unilateral sharp needlelike pain increasing with inspiration and coughing, cough, fever, chills, shallow rapid and restricted inspirations, pain radiating to shoulder or abdomen

A

pleuritis

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43
Q

severe SOB, sudden and sharp chest pain, falling blood pressure, rapid weak pulse, shallow and weak respirations, cyanotic, anxious, mediastinal shift to unaffected side

A

pneumothorax

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44
Q

pale and clammy skin, weak and thready pulse, falling BP, chest pain, labored and shallow respiration, gasping, similar sx to pneumothorax

A

hemothorax

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45
Q

severe pain, dyspnea, cyanotic, extremely anxious, segment of chest moves inward during inspiration and outward during expiration (paradoxical breathing)

A

flail chest

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46
Q

asymptomatic, weight loss, reduced appetite, listlessness, vague chest pain, dry cough, loss of energy, fever, productive cough with purulent sputum, blood streaking, hemoptysis, fever, night sweats

A

pulmonary tuberculosis

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47
Q

lymphadenopathy, fever peaking in afternoon, general malaise, anorexia, chills, sore throat, fever, headache, fatigue, cervical and generalized lymphadenopathy, tonsils coated w/debris, mild transient hepatitis, atypical lymphocytosis

A

infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)

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48
Q

sudden onset of severe hypoxemia, progressive hypercapnia, acidosis, atelectasis, sudden and severe dyspnea with rapid and shallow respirations, inspiratory intercostal and suprasternal retractions, cyanosis, mottled skin, no improvement with supplemental oxygen, rales, rhonchi, wheeze, history of trauma/septicemia/shock/insult to lungs or body

A

adult respiratory distress syndrome

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49
Q

dry cough, SOB, mild chest pain, fatigue, fever, weight loss, swollen ankles, joint pain, organ specific sx, granulomas in lungs

A

sarcoidosis

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50
Q

cough with or w/o sputum, changes in character of cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, chest pain gen dull intermittent on side of tumor, weight loss, headache, weakness, change in mental status, seizures, asymptomatic

A

lung cancer

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51
Q

asymptomatic, pain of angina pectoris,l burning squeezing crushing and radiating pain to arm neck or jaw, nausea, vomiting, weakness, changesor no changes in ECG

A

coronary artery disease

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52
Q

sudden onset of left-sided chest pain during or shortly after exertion, pain radiating to left arm or back, dyspnea, pain stopped by stopping activity or nitroglycerin, blood pressure increase, arrhythmia

A

angina pectoris

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53
Q

sudden severe substernal or left-sided chest pain, pain crushing/burning/vague discomfort, feeling of massive constriction of chest, pain radiate to left or right arm/back/jaw, pain not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin, irregular heartbeat, dyspnea, diaphoresis, denial, severe anxiety, feeling of impending doom, nausea, asymptomatic

A

myocardial infarction

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54
Q

unresponsive with no respiratory effort and no palpable pulse

A

cardiac arrest

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55
Q

chest pain and SOB after stressful or exciting event

A

broken heart syndrome (takotsubo cardiomyopathy)

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56
Q

headache, epistaxis, lightheadedness, syncope, asymptomatic

A

essential/primary hypertension

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57
Q

severe headache, blurred vision, dyspnea, sudden onset of sx

A

malignant hypertension

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58
Q

insidious onset, gradually increasing dyspnea, cardiac and respiratory rate increase, anxious, neck veins distend, edema in ankles, liver and spleen enlargement, peripheral edema, pulmonary congestion, more pronounced respiratory difficulties

A

congestive heart failure

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59
Q

dyspnea, distended neck veins, edema of extremities, liver enlarged and tender

A

cor pulmonale

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60
Q

dyspnea, coughing, orthopnea, increased cardiac and respiratory rate, blood frothy sputum, blood pressure falls, skin cold and clammy, sx gen at night after pt lies down

A

pulmonary edema

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61
Q

sx of CHF, dyspnea, fatigue, tachycardia, palpitations, chest pain, peripheral edema, hepatic congestion, syncope, cardiac murmurs

A

cardiomyopathy

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62
Q

fever, malaise, chest pain fluctuating with inspiration/heartbeat, dyspnea, chills, anxiety, pounding heart sensation, detectable friction rub or grating sound heard on auscultation, tachycardia

A

pericarditis

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63
Q

palpitations, fatigue, dyspnea, fever, arrhythmia, tenderness in chest

A

myocarditis

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64
Q

fever, chills, night sweats, weakness, anorexia, fatigue, vegetative growths on cardiac valves, ischemia, cardiac murmur

A

endocarditis

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65
Q

fever, polyarthritis, joint pain, edema, redness, limited range of motion, carditis, cardiac murmurs, cardiomegaly, CHF, weakness, malaise, anorexia, weight loss, rash on trunk, abdominal pain, small nodules on tendon sheaths in knees/knuckles/elbows, sx 1-5 weeks after URI

A

rheumatic fever

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66
Q

dyspnea, tachycardia, edema, nonproductive cough, cardiac murmurs

A

rheumatic heart disease

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67
Q

exertional dyspnea, fatigue, cough, palpitations, hemoptysis, cyanotic

A

mitral stenosis

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68
Q

dyspnea, fatigue, heart murmur

A

mitral insufficiency

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69
Q

asymptomatic, chest pain, dyspnea, dizziness, fatigue, syncope, severe anxiety

A

mitral valve prolapse

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70
Q

palpitations, tachycardia, skipped heartbeat, bradycardia, syncope, fatigue

A

arrythmia

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71
Q

> 100 bpm, regular, P wave uniform

A

sinus tachycardia

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72
Q

< 60 bpm, regular, P wave uniform

A

sinus bradycardia

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73
Q

rate depends on underlying rhythm, normal P wave, different morphology from other P waves

A

premature atrial contraction

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74
Q

150-250 bpm, rhythm normal, sudden onset

A

atrial tachycardia

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75
Q

atrial rate > 350 bpm, ventricular rate < 100 bpm controlled or > 100 bpm rapid ventricular response

A

atrial fibrillation

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76
Q

rate depends on rate of underlying rhythm, P-R interval > 0.2 seconds

A

first degree heart block

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77
Q

intermittent block w/progressive longer delay in conduction until one beat is blocked, atrial rate normal, ventricular rate slower than normal, rhythm irregular

A

second degree heart block (wenckebach heart block)

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78
Q

ventricular rate slow (1/2 or 1/4 atrial rate), rhythm regular, P waves normal QRS complex dropped every second third or fourth beat

A

classic second degree heart block

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79
Q

atrial rate normal, ventricular rate 20-40 or 40-60 bpm, no relationship between P wave and QRS complex

A

third degree heart block

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80
Q

single ectopic beat arising from ventricle followed by compensatory pause

A

premature ventricular contraction (single focus)

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81
Q

rate dependent on underlying rhythm, rhythm either irregular or regular, P wave absent before ectopic beat

A

multifocal arrhythmia

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82
Q

150-250 bpm, rhythm usually regular, focus of pacemaker normally single, palpitations, dyspnea, anxiety, chest pain

A

ventricular tachycardia

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83
Q

unconscious, no peripheral pulse palpable, no heart sounds, no BP

A

Ventricular fibrillation

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84
Q

pale cold and clammy skin, rapid weak and thready pulse, rapid breathing, altered level of consciousness, BP drops, anxiety, irritable, restless, feeling of impending doom, dizziness, extreme thirst, profuse sweating, pupils dilate, eyes dull and lusterless, shaking, trembling

A

shock

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85
Q

sx of shock after MI/severe heart failure/certain arrhythmias/acute valve failure

A

cardiogenic shock

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86
Q

sudden severe dyspnea, rapidly falling BP, pulse weak thready and rapid, shock, cyanotic above nipple line, falling level of consciousness

A

cardiac tamponade

87
Q

severe pain in area of embolus, area becomes pale numb and cold to touch, arterial pulse below occulsion absent if arterial, nausea, vomiting, fainting, shock

A

emboli

88
Q

angina pectoris, dizziness, SOB, elevated BP, asymptomatic

A

atherosclerosis

89
Q

asymptomatic, abdominal or back pain, pulsating mass in abdomen, sx of hemorrhagic shock, sx of CVA

A

aneuryusm

90
Q

pain and tenderness in area becoming more severe, swelling, redness, warmth, tender cordlike mass under skin, clots

A

phlebitis

91
Q

pain, area swelling heaviness and warmth chills, fever, area tender to palpation

A

thrombophlebitis

92
Q

fatigue in legs, continuous dull ache, leg cramps, swelling ankles, veins thicken and hard to touch, pain worsens, dull or stabbing pain

A

varicose veins

93
Q

intense pain in effected area aggravated by exercise and relieved by rest, atrophy, ulcers, gangrene

A

thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease)

94
Q

white discoloration (blanching), blue discoloration, red or purple discoloration, digits ulcerate and become painful

A

raynaud disease

95
Q

pale, dyspnea, tachycardia, pounding of heart, pallor on the palmar surface of hands/nail beds/conjunctiva/mucous membranes of mouth, fatigue, headache, loss of appetite, heartburn, edema, numbness and tingling sensation, syncope

A

anemia

96
Q

severe fatigue, weakness, sore throat, ulcerations on oral mucosa, dysphagia, elevated body temperature, weak and rapid pulse, chills

A

agranulocytosis

97
Q

increased RBC mass, headache, dyspnea, irritability, mental sluggishness, dizziness, syncope, night sweats, weight loss, circulatory stagnation, thrombosis, increased blood viscosity, splenomegaly, clubbing of fingers, cyanosis

A

polycythemia

98
Q

pale, bone pain, weight loss, sore throat, fatigue, fever, night sweats, weakness, increased bruising and bleeding, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, headache, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, cranial nerve palsies, mediastinal mass

A

acute lymphocytic leukemia

99
Q

asymptomatic, weight loss, fever, night sweats, extreme fatigue, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, painless swelling of cervical/supraclavicular/axillary lymph nodes spontaneously waxes and wanes, susceptibility to viral and fungal infections

A

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

100
Q

sx of anemia, easy bleeding and bruising, increased risk of infection, gingival bleeding, epistaxis, menorrhagia, weight loss, pallor, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, organomegaly

A

acute myelogenous leukemia

101
Q

asymptomatic, splenomegaly, bone pain, fever, night sweats, systemic sx, chromosomal abnormalities, abnormal proliferation of WBCs, increase of leukocytosis, neutrophil differentiation impaired

A

chronic myelogenous leukemia

102
Q

swelling of extremities, gen no pain, pain and limited movement, extremity grossly distended

A

lymphedema

103
Q

red streak at site of entry of infective organism, redness extend to regional lymph node, swollen and tender regional lymph node, cellulitis, fever, chills, malaise

A

lymphangitis

104
Q

asymptomatic, unexplained weight loss > 10% body weight in past 6 months, persistent or recurrent fevers > 38C previous month, recurrent drenching night sweats previous month

A

lymphoma

105
Q

painless, enlargement of lymph nodes in neck/mediastinum, fatigue, pruritus, fever, night sweats, weight loss, reed-sternberg cell

A

hodgkin lymphoma

106
Q

painless lymphadenopathy, fatigue, pruritus, bone pain, GI sx, enlargement of tonsils/adenoids, fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

Non-hodgkin lymphoma

107
Q

chills, fever, tachycardia, severe back pain, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, rash, substernal tightness, dyspnea, hypotensive, circulatory collapse, bleeding from puncture site, blood in urine, renal, failure

A

transfusion incompatibility reaction

108
Q

unusually prolonged bleeding episode, easy bruising, hematomas, excessive nosebleeds, ecchymosis at birth, bleeding from circumcision, joint swelling and pain, male

A

hemophilia

109
Q

oozing of blood from needle puncture sites/mucous membrane/incisions, purpura, wound hematomas, petechiae, hematemesis, hematuria, blood stools, weak, headaches, air hunger, tachycardia, sx after major event like obstetric complications/septicemia/burns/trauma/hypothermia/extensive tissue destruction

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation

110
Q

proteinuria, edema, decreased urine volume, hematuria, dark or coffee-colored urine, sx 1-2 weeks after streptococcal infection, hypertension, fluid retention, headache, visual disturbances, malaise, anorexia, low-grade fever, flank or back pain

A

acute glomerulonephritis

111
Q

asymptomatic, hematuria, hypertension, proteinuria, oliguria, edema, renal failure, hypertension, azotemia, tiny urea crystals on skin (uremic frost), fatigue, malaise, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, dyspnea

A

chronic glomerulonephritis

112
Q

proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, glomerular filtration diminishes, edema, hypertension, microscopic or gross hematuria, plasma lipid levels elevate, sloughed-off fat bodies in urine, susceptible to infection, lethargic, depressed, loss of appetite, pale, puffiness around eyes, swollen ankles, weight gain, skin irritation

A

nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)

113
Q

oliguria, gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, drowsiness, alterations in levels of consciousness, sx dependent on cause/impairment/BUN levels

A

acute renal failure

114
Q

weak, tired, lethargic, hypertension, edema, arrhythmia, muscle weakness, dyspnea, metabolic acidosis, ulceration of gastrointestinal mucosa, hair and skin changes

A

chronic kidney disease

115
Q

pus in renal pelvic, abscess, rapid onset sx, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, flank pain, condition after UTI, foul odor to urine bc of hematuria and pyuria, tenderness in suprapubic region, rigid abdomen, tender enlarged kidney, abnormal constituents in urinalysis

A

pyelonephritis

116
Q

asymptomatic, vague backache, diminished urine output, no palpable conditions, incidental detection on imaging/ultrasound, fever/chills/hematuria/pyuria if infection occurs

A

hydronephrosis

117
Q

sudden severe pain in flank area, nausea, vomiting, hematuria, fever, chills, abdominal distention

A

renal calculi

118
Q

urinary urgency and frequency, dysuria, incontinence, pressure in pelvis, pain in pelvic region and low back, bladder spasms, fever, chills, burning sensation with urination, urine dark yellow/pink/red

A

infectious cystitis and urethritis

119
Q

urinary retention, hypertension, nausea, protein in urine, UTI, pyelonephritis

A

diabetic nephropathy

120
Q

kidneys palpable, lumbar pain, abdominal pain and tenderness, hematuria, systemic hypertension, prone to renal infections and renal calculi, chronic high blood pressure, kidney infection

A

polycystic kidney disease

121
Q

hematuria, abdominal mass, flank pain, weight loss, anemia, fever, hepatic dysfunction, hypercalcemia, asymptomatic

A

renal cell carcinoma

122
Q

asy,ptomatic, dysuria, odorless yellow vaginal discharge with burning sensation, itching, abdominal pain, dyspareunia, thin, watery discharge from penis burning iwth urination, urethritis, swollen scrotum, urethritis, inguinal lymph nodes enlarged, small transient lesion, skin irritation

A

chlamydia

123
Q

purulent dischargefe from renitourinary tract, dysuria, asymptomatic

A

gonorrhea

124
Q

asymptomatic, urethritis with dysuria and itching, profuse frothy greenish yellow odorous discharge from vagina, vulvar irritation, strawberry cervix, thin whitish discharge from penis, discharge subsiding w/o tx

A

trichomoniasis

125
Q

blisterlike lesions on genitals/around anus, blisters occur 2-30 days after infected person, systemic influenza sx, swollen glands, fever, headache, painful urination, asymptomatic

A

genital herpes

126
Q

warts on genitals, itching, burning, no pain

A

genital warts (condylomata acuminata)

127
Q

painless highly contagious local lesion (chancre), fever, headache, aching joint, mouth sores, rashes on palms and soles, latent stage

A

syphilis

128
Q

shallow painless lesion on skin or mucous membrane 7 to 10 days after sexual contact w/infected person, tender superlative inguinal adenopathy, ulcer deeps and becomes purulent

A

chancroid

129
Q

scrotal pain, discomfort radiating into groin, pain w/ejaculation, epididymis enlarged tender and firm, groin and scrotal tenderness with severe pain in testes, difficulty walking

A

epididymitis

130
Q

inflammation of testes, tenderness/swelling/acute pain in testes, chills, fever, vomiting, nausea, malaise

A

orchitis

131
Q

sudden severe pain in one testicle, nausea, vomiting, constant pain, swollen red and tender scrotum

A

torsion of testicle

132
Q

more uncomfortable than painful, more discomfort in hot weather or after exercise, discomfort relieved by lying down, lower sperm count, discomfort on left testicle

A

varicocele

133
Q

enlarged and tender prostate, pus at tip of penis, asymptomatic, pain, burning sensation when urinating, low back pain, perineal pain, fever, muscular pain/tenderness, urinary frequency with urgency, blood in urine

A

prostatitis

134
Q

difficulty starting urination, weak urine stream, inability to empty bladder completely, urinary frequency, nocturia, inflammation and sx of renal disease

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

135
Q

asymptomatic, abnormality on digital rectal exam, high concentration of PSA in serum, asymmetrical areas of induration and nodules felt on DRE

A

prostate cancer

136
Q

nodule/painless swelling of one testicle, dull ache, heavy sensation in abdomen/perineal area/scrotum, acute pain, gynecomastia, enlarged lymph nodes in neck, dyspnea, cough, anorexia, bone pain, lower extremity swelling

A

testicular cancer

137
Q

changes in mood/sexual desire/energy, anxiety, anger, sadness, bloating, food cravings, breast pain, irritability, fatigue, bloating, abdominal pain

A

premenstrual syndrome

138
Q

secondary dysmenorrhea, painful intercourse, painful defecation, infertility

A

endometriosis

139
Q

low abdominal pain, fever, chills, malaise, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, backache, painful tender abdomen, walking painful, walking with shuffling gait, soft tender pelvic mass, WBC and ESR elevated

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

140
Q

asymptomatic, pelvic pain, pressure, constipation, urinary frequency, abnormal bleeding, heavy/prolonged periods

A

uterine leiomyomas (fibroids)

141
Q

vaginal discharge, local itching, burning, odor, discharge is white/gray/green, discharge is almost absent to copious, discharge is odorless or malodorous, irritation and soreness of vulva, fever

A

vaginitis

142
Q

high fever, headache, sore throat, rash, hypotension, shock, diarrhea, neuromuscular disturbances, abnormal kidney function, elevation of liver enzymes

A

toxic shock syndrome

143
Q

hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, skin changes, depression, poor memory, anxiety, sleep disorders, loss of interest in sex

A

menopause

144
Q

pelvic pressure, urinary leakage, urinary urgency, discomfort during intercourse, bladder can’t be emptied completely, nerve or muscle damage

A

cystocele

145
Q

bearing down feeling, fullness in vagina, back pain, pelvic pressure, difficulty evacuating rectum

A

rectocele

146
Q

watery bloody or purulent vaginal discharge that may be heavy and foul smelling, bleeding between menstrual periods/after sex/after menopause, abnormal Pap smear, low back/pelvic pain, hematuria, dysuria, rectal bleeding

A

cervical cancer

147
Q

vaginal bleeding gen postcoital/postmenopausal, constipation, malodorous or watery vaginal discharge, dysuria, urinary frequency, melena, vaginal mass

A

vaginal cancer

148
Q

lower abdominal discomfort, bloating, constipation, lower back pain, irregular menstrual cycles, urinary frequency, dyspareunia, enlargement of abdomen

A

ovarian cancer

149
Q

abnormal perimenopausal or postmenopausal uterine bleeding, pain, systemic sx, atypical endometrial cells

A

endometrial cancer

150
Q

positive pregnancy test and pelvic pain, negative pregnancy urine test, pain gen unilateral, cramping of uterus w/or w/o bleeding, diffuse pelvic pain, hypotension, shock

A

ectopic pregnancy

151
Q

weight gain, peripheral swelling/edema, BP > 140/9o0, > 300 mg of protein in urine over 24 hrs, persistent headache, visual disturbances, epigastric pain, clonus present, more exaggerated deep tendon reflexes

A

preeclampsia

152
Q

painless bright vaginal bleeding in first/2nd trimester of pregnancy, abdomen normal, vital signs align with shock, fetal heart rate compromised

A

abruptio placentae

153
Q

placenta covers opening to service

A

placenta previa

154
Q

nausea, vomiting, vaginal bleeding, hCG elevated

A

Hydatidifiurm fubction

155
Q

uncomfortable feeling in breasts, lumps/cysts, tenderness, breasts tender on palpitation and shooting pains down preast, gen this is less of a problem with no clockwise

A

fibrocystic breast condition

156
Q

sudden pain, rednesss, breats hot and doughy and tough, axillary lymph nodes enlarged, immitation, swelling

A

what brings you in today and for how long

157
Q

sx of erythematous, xema, focus scaly, alternated

A

psychological concerns

158
Q

erythematous eczema scaly ulcerated lesion, unilateral generally, heal spontaneously,

A

paget disease of breast

159
Q

sudden severe headache, sudden aphasia, dysphasia, difficulty understanding language, sudden weakness/numbness/paralysis of face, one sided drooping mouth and eyelid, sudden confusion, impaired consciousness, sudden loss of vision, blurred vision, unequal pupils, diplopia, sudden onset of dizziness, loss of balance, loss of coordination

A

cerebrovascular accident

160
Q

generalized/region specific headache, worst headache of their life nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, confusion, lethargy, generalized weakness, muscle weakness & paralysis of face, ringing in ears, dizziness, cyncope, loss of consciousness, impaired speech, visual problems, irritability

A

arteriovenous malformations

161
Q

sudden weakness and numbness down one side of body, dizziness, dysphagia, confusion, difficulty seeing with one eye, loss of balance, sudden onset headache,

A

transient ischemic attack

162
Q

sudden headache, dilated pupils, nausea, vomiting, increased drowsiness, hemiparesis, unconsciousness, coma, death

A

epidural or subdural hematomas

163
Q

loss of consciousness, periods of amnesia, shallow respirations, pulse drops, muscle tone flaccid, headache, nausea, vomiting, diplopia, blurred vision, photophobia, irritability, decreased levels of concentration

A

cerebral concussion

164
Q

severe headache, hemiparesis, drowsiness, lethargy, hostile, combative, impaired intellect, dysphagia, paralysis, epilepsy, impaired gait, continuing stupor

A

cerebral contusion

165
Q

bleeding from wounds/ears/nose/around eyes, changes in pupils, bruising behind ears/around and under the eyes, clear/bloody drainage around ears or nose, headache, stiff neck, nuchal rigidity, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, slurred speech, confusion, restlessness, irritability, difficulty balancing, drowsiness, seizures, loss of consciousness

A

depressed skull fracture

166
Q

pain radiating down nerve path, burning pain, tractable, constant back pain, severe pain down one or both legs, loss of some motor functions in legs, numbness/tingling associated with weakness, bowel or bladder issues

A

degenerative disk disease

167
Q

severe back pain, disability, sudden sharp pain worsening with movement/certain position, pain radiates from back to butt/thighs/legs fown path of impinged nerve, paresthesia, muscle weakness in leg, pain/sx in dermatomal pattern, pain and weakness in arms and neck

A

herniated and bulging disk

168
Q

severe sharp pain radiating from sciatic nerve down leg and to foot, pain continuous or intermittent, numbness, low back pain, disability

A

sciatic nerve injury

169
Q

pain in back/radiating down leg/butt/thighs/calves, pain increases w/standing/walking/exercise, numbness becomes worse with standing/activity, reflexes in lower extremities asymmetric, sensation decreases, weakness in legs

A

spinal stenosis

170
Q

visual auras, photophobia, abnormal fatigue, irritable, numbness/tingling in one arm/side of body, dizziness, temporary mental confusion

A

migraine

171
Q

convulsions, disturbances in consciousness and sensory phenomena, motor signs in hands or face, behavioral/psychic/sensory manifestations, amnesia of attack, blank stare

A

epilepsy

172
Q

tremor in hands/arms/jaws/face/legs, rigidity/stiffness of limbs and trunk, stooped posture, move slowly, shuffling gait, head bowed and body flexed forward, knees slightly bent, impaired balance and coordination, expressionless face, muffled speech, dysphagia, gradual changes in behavior/mental activity

A

Parkinson’s disease

173
Q

loss of musculoskeletal control, dysphagia, mild fidgeting, tongue smacking, dementia, speech difficulty, emotional state deteriorates, disruption of personality, untidy and careless appearance, apathetic moody behavior, onset of paranoia

A

huntington chorea

174
Q

fasciculations, atrophy, weakness, difficulties in speech/chewing/swallowing/breathing

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

175
Q

itchy/burning/jittery/creepy crawly/pulling/tugging/painful sensation in legs, sensations in arms/hips/face, walking/moving helps relive ex, periodic limb movement disorder in sleep

A

restless legs syndrome

176
Q

sudden onset memory loss, memory returns within 6-12 hours, period of amnesia unable to be recalled, headache

A

transient global amnesia

177
Q

severe headache after sneezing/coughing/strain, lack of fine skill coordination, difficulty balancing, neck pain, tingling of feet and hands, numbness, dizziness, difficulty swallowing, other neurologic sx

A

chiari malformation

178
Q

clumsiness, loss of sensation in hands and feet, flaccid paralysis, wasting of muscle, deep tendon reflexes diminish, tenderness in atrophied muscles, glossy red skin, decreased sweating, foot drop, pain in affected regions

A

peripheral neuritis/neuropathy

179
Q

transient excruciating pain radiating along diff CN V branches, unilateral pain, undernourished, dehydrated, pain from chewing/swallowing/touching area

A

trigeminal neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)

180
Q

pain/drawing sensation behind ear, inability to close/open eye, drooping of mouth, drooling of saliva, cannot smile/whistle/grimace, distorted facial expression, taste diminishes, unilateral, loss of appetite

A

bell palsy

181
Q

vomiting, headache increasing in intensity w/movement of head, nuchal rigidity, positive Kernig sign, positive Brudzinskin sign, deep tendon reflex increase, irritability, photophobia, hypersensitivity of skin, seizures, drowsiness, stupor, coma

A

meningitis

182
Q

headache, elevated temp, stiffness of neck and back, muscle weakness, restlessness, visual disturbances, lethargy, mental confusion, disorientation, coma

A

encephalitis

183
Q

numbness and tingling of feet and hands, increasing muscle pain and tenderness, progressive muscle weakness, paralysis, sx gen begin in lower extremities and move up body or vice versa, respiratory insufficiency, dysphagia

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

184
Q

headache, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, unequal pupil size, seizures, eyes looking toward area of insult, nuchal rigidity

A

brain abscess

185
Q

low-grade fever, profuse discharge from nose, malaise, progressive muscle weakness, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, flaccid paralysis of muscles, atrophy, decreased tendon reflexes, muscle and joint deterioration

A

poliomyelitis and post-polio syndrome

186
Q

neurological deficits, cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, herniation, headache gen dull constant and worse at night, focal or generalized seizures, nausea, vomiting, syncope, cognitive dysfunction, memory problems, personality changes, muscle weakness, sensory loss, aphasia, visual dysfunction

A

intracranial tumors

187
Q

[tumor], seizures, nausea, vomiting, headache

A

glioblastoma

188
Q

[tumor] gait disturbance, nystagmus, lethargy, dysarthric speech pattern, balance difficulty

A

cerebellar tumor

189
Q

difficulty acquiring skill in specific learning area, lower level of achievement despite normal or above normal intelligence and adequate teaching, deficit in social skills, problems listening/paying attention, speaking

A

learning disorder

190
Q

frequent repetition/prolongation of sounds/syllables, inappropriate disturbance of pattern and fluency of speech for age, broken words, filled/unfilled pauses, word substitutions, word repetitions, in absence of neurologic cause

A

stutter

191
Q

impairment in socialization/communication/activities/interests, impairment in nonverbal behaviors, fail to establish normal peer relationships, do not initiate in age-appropriate play, repetitive natural motions, inflexibility toward change, compulsion for sameness, persistent preoccupation w/objects, memory for certain lists/facts, social isolation, cognitive impairment, language deficits, aversion to physical tough, resistant to change

A

autism

192
Q

failure to pay attention to detail, careless mistakes, messy work performed carelessly, difficulty sustaining attention and completing tasks, inability to sit quietly w/o fidgeting, inappropriate running and climbing, difficulty playing, excessive talking, impatience, frequent interruptions, failure to listen to directions, inability to organize activities and set goals

A

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

193
Q

lose language and social skills, lose control of body functions, long period of normal development before regression

A

childhood disintegrative disorder

194
Q

sx of pervasive development disorder, problems w/physical development, loss of motor skills, poor coordination

A

rett syndrome

195
Q

loss of temper, arguing with adults, defying/refusing to comply w/adult’s requests/rules, deliberately annoying others, blaming others for mistakes and behaviors, irritable, easily annoyed, angry, resentful, spiteful, vindictive, negative, defiant, involvement in theft/vandalism/bullying

A

oppositional defiant disroder

196
Q

loss of short-term memory, inability to concentrate, incapacity to learn new info, impairment of reasoning, subtle changes in personality, communication skills decline, increasing dependence on caregiver, deterioration of intellectual and physical ability, restlessness, sleep disturbances, disorientation, hostility, combativeness

A

Alzheimer’s disease

197
Q

general loss of intellectual abilities in pt, changes in memory/judgment/abstract thinking/personality, disregard for personal hygiene, apathy, disorientation, inappropriate response, depression, anxiety, irritability, restlessness, sleeplessness, hallucinations, psychotic tendencies, stupor, coma

A

vascular dementia

198
Q

reduced mental status, inability to perform cognitive tasks, reduced intelligence test results, sx begin after head trauma

A

dementia caused by head trauma

199
Q

anxiety, depression, insomnia, impotence, behavioral disorders, amnesia, slow motor skills, impaired judgment/concentration, unable to think clearly, frequent infection, hypertension, GI problems, confusion, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, unexplained seizures, cirrhosis of liver, pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy, muscle weakness, paresthesia, cancer of GI, aggressive/violent behaviors, denial of inability to control/discontinue alcohol

A

alcohol abuse

200
Q

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized/catatonic behavior, affective flattening, alogia, avolition, difficulty maintaining education/employment/relationships, withdrawal, odd behavior, disheveled appearance, loss of interest, disorganized thinking

A

schizophrenia

201
Q

fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction

A

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

202
Q

deep and persistent sadness, despair, hopelessness, anxious or brooding appearance, empty/heavy feeling inside accompanied by vague sense of loss, self-blame, remorse, guilt, loss of self-esteem, sleep disturbance, physical sluggishness, fatigue, loss of concentration, inability to experience pleasure, appetite disturbances, social withdrawal, suicidal behavior/thoughts

A

major depressive disorder

203
Q

tightness in throat, SOB, sighing, “mental pain”, exhaustion, food tasts like sand, things feel unreal, pain/discomfort identical to sx experienced by dead person, sx normally brief

A

somatic distress

204
Q

lack of energy, excessive sleeping, overeating, craving for carbohydrates, weight gain

A

seasonal affective disorder

205
Q

fatigue, changes in normal appetite and sleep patterns, feelings of worthlessness and despair, crying episodes, poor personal hygiene, despair about ability as a mother, anger, recurrent thoughts of suicide, sad, flat affect, excessively angry, lack interest in normal events, difficulty concentrating/decisions, desire to run away, fear of being alone, concern about potentially harming baby, thoughts of homicide

A

postpartum depression

206
Q

sense of impending doom, feeling they are going crazy/losing control/dying, derealization, depersonalization, palpitations, rapid pulse, pounding heart, sweating, trembling, SOB, chest pain, nausea, paresthesia, dizziness, chills, hot flashes

A

panic attack

207
Q

abrupt emotional personality change in 3 yr olds to prepubertal kids, severe mood swings, separation anxiety, abrupt obsessive unusual behavior, detachment to parents/caregiver, hyperactivity, uncontrollable ADHD sx, sleep disturbances, motor or vocal tics, nighttime fears

A

pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated w/streptococcal infections (PANDAS)

208
Q

inability to respond to affection, insomnia, irritability, strong physiologic responses to reminders of event

A

posttraumatic stress disorder

209
Q

pain related to at least 4 areas/functions of body, GI sx other than pain, sx related to reproductive sx, neurologic sx w/o clinical basis

A

somatization disorder

210
Q

deficits in voluntary motor or sensory functions that are unintentional and preceded by conflicts/other stressors, clinically significantly social and occupational functioning, anesthesia, hyperesthesia, analgesia, paresthesia, paralysis, tremors, tics, contractures, ambulation disturbances, aphonia, mutism, headache, coughing, choking, nausea, vomiting, belching, cold and clammy extremities, weight loss, pseudocyesis, blindness, seizures, dysphagia, dyspnea

A

conversion disorder

211
Q

physical and mental tiredness, groggy, tense, irritable, anxous on awakening, extremely early morning awakening, sleep not restorative

A

insomnia

212
Q

snorting and gasping during sleep, snoring, choking episodes

A

sleep apnea

213
Q

chronic ingrained maladaptive behavior, disordered patterns of relating/thinking/perceiving, impaired social and occupational performance, project negative feelings, blame others, distinguishing characteristics, painful shyness, arrogance, reject responsibility

A

personality disorders

214
Q
A

HOSA-PATHO (12 decks)

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