Mental Disorders Flashcards
change in acquisition of intellectual skills and adaptive functioning, reduced behavioral performance, and subaverage general intelligence manifested in first 18 years of life
intellectual developmental disorder
cause of intellectual developmental disorder
heredity, early alterations of embyronic development, pre/peri/post natal complications (generally involving oxygen flow), general medical conditions (infection/trauma), environmental influenmces
how is intellectual developmental disorders diagnosed
observation and confirmation of intellecutal capabilities and adaptive behavior
tx intellectual developmental disorder
manage and tx underlying cause
aka learning disorders
learning differences or learning disabilities
conditions that cause children to learn in an abnormal manner bc of brain’s ability to receive and process info
learning disorder
cause of learning disabilities
underlying abnormality in cognitive processing but specificities are unknown. Other processes like language, attention, and visual processing likely contribuite to the problem
tx learning disabilities
drug therapy or special instructional techniques
frequent repeitions or prolongations of sounds/syllables
stuttering
stuttering more often occurs in
men
cause of stutter
genetics, anxiety
tx stutter
speech therapy
severe impairement in communication and social interaction skills related directly to developmental/mental age
pervasive developmental disorder
highly heritable disorder where communication deficits are common and sx vary in intensity among individuals
autism
autism is four times more common in
men
cause of autism
factor/set of factors including maternal rubella, encephalitis, and phenylketonuria
tx of autism
behavioral therapy, self-instructed training, drug therapy (risperidone, SSRI, antiepileptics, and stimulants)
list disorders that fall under pervasive developmental disorders
autism, pervasive development disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), rett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), and asperger
condition with average/above average intelligence generally in language and cognition but difficulty concentrating, poor coordination, and problems with social interaction and communication
asperger’s syndrome
normal development period until between 2-10 yrs where child lose many acquired skills and body function control
childhood disintegrative disorder
condition w/sx of PDD, loss of motor skills, and typically only affects girls bc of a defect on the X chromosome
rett syndrome
condition where child doesn’t meet all criteria for autism or aspergers but demonstrates several traits/sx
pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)
typicallly, how many types of ADHD are there
3
cause of ADHD
theorized to be genetic with definite brain malfunction
how is ADHD diagnosed
follow DSMV criteria
tx adhd
stimulants, atomoxetine, guanfacine, vitamin supplementation
behavioral disorder where kids demonstrate behaviors oppositional toward adults and is a strong predictor of poor outcomes
oppositional defiant disorder
causes of oppositional defant disorder
negative child termperament and ADHD, negative parent temperament, ineffective child management, and parent and family stress events
how is oppositional defiant disorder diagnosed
pts demonstrate at least 1 sx at least 3 times a week for at least 6 months
tx oppositional defiant disorder
mood stabilizers, family therapy (parent training and psychotherapy)
condition with sudden, rapid, recurrent motor movement/vocalization that is nonrhythmic
tic disorders
aka tourette’s
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
syndrome of multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tics simultaneously/at different times
tourettes
tourettes has a higher incidence in
men
cause of tourettes
genetics, streptococcal infections
how is tourettes diagnosed
motor and vocal tics occur several times a day over at elast a year without tic-free period of longer than 3 months and is not caused by substance/another medical condition, and pt experience significant impaired functioning
tx tourettes
drug therapy (calming agents)
t/f: dementia is a normal part of aging
false, it is a pathological sign
decline in perceiving, thinking, remembering, and cognitive functioning
dementia
progressive degenerative disease of brain with loss of mental and physical functioning
alzheimer disease
cause of alzheimers
genetics, age, biochemical changes in brain growth, autoimmune, viral infection, toxic chemical excess, chemical deficiency, blood vessel defects, deficiency of neurochemical factors
tx alzheimers
drug therapy, supportive care to meet needs and keep individuals as mobile as possible
pts w/this condition should avoid narcotic analgesics, antiarrhythmics, tricyclic antidepressants, antiemetics, antipsychotics, antihistamines, benzodiazepines, GI/Urinary antispasmodics, and muscle relaxants
alzheimers
this condition is caused from reduction in blood flow to brain from narrowed and stenosed arteries leading to general loss of intellectual abilities
vascular dementia
how is vascular dementia diagnosed
cerebral arteriography, MRI arteriography
tx of vascular dementia
improve blood flow (drug therapy, carotid endarterectomy, institutionalization)
cause of vascular dementia
growth of atherosclerotic plaque in carotid and cerebral artereies
condition caused by trauma to brain causing reduced blood flow to cerebrum
dementia caused by head trauma
how is dementia caused by head trauma diagnosed
xray, MRI, CT, neurological deficits
tx dementia from head trauma
prevent further damage, therapy, training
group of disorders that may result in chronic mental dysfunction and varying degrees of impairment
schizophrenia
cause of schizophrenia
genetics, stress, environmental factors
schizophrenia is two to three times more prevalent in
men
tx schizophrenia
antipsychotics, psychotherapy, family involvement,
unique life threatening reaction to antipsychotics
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
sudden fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction while taking an antipsychotic
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
cause of bipolar disorder
neurotransmitter levels, endocrine disorders, electrolyte imbalances, emotional/physical trauma
tx bipolar disorder
drug cocktail of antidepressants, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and others
list examples of mood disorders
bipolar and major depressive
mood disorder with one or more major depressive episodes and no history of manic/hypomanic episodes
major depressive disorder
cause of major depressive disorder
biological/familial pattern, environment, predisposing factor, unknown
tx major depressive disorder
medication (SSRI) and psychotherapy
list phenomena that commonly occur during a grief response
sensation of somatic distress, preoccupation w/the image of the deceased, guilt, anger, change in behavior, and reorganization of behavior directed toward new object/activity
aka seasona affective disorder
seasonal pattern specifier
lack of energy, excessive sleeping overeating, craving for carbs, weight gain
seasonal affective disorder
depressive condition at regular times in the year typically during the fall and winter
seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
SAD is more prevalent in __ and ___
women and young adults
cause of seasonal affective disorder
increase in melatonin
what is the single largest mental health problem in the US
anxiety
condition with “free floating anxiety” with constant worry of mistakes and future problems
general anxiety disorder
what characterizes a panic disorder
at least 4 panic attacks within a month or if one or more attack is followed by persistant fear of having another attack
excessive, persistent, and irrational fear and avoidant of specific stimulus
phobic disorder/phobia
disorder with obsessions and compulsions
obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
acrophobia
fear of heights
agoraphobia
fear of open spaces
algophobia
fear of pain
androphobia
fear of men
arachnophobia
fear of spiders
astrophobia
fear of storms, lightning, and thunder
aviophobia
fear of flying
hematophobia
fear of blood
hodophobia
fear of travel
Iatrophobia
fear of physicians
Kainophobia
fear of change
Kakorrhaphiophobia
fear of failure
Lalophobia
fear of speaking in public
Monophobia
fear of being alone
Ochlophobia
fear of crows
Olfactophobia
fear of odors
Ombrophobia
fear of rain
Ophidiophobia
fear of snakes
Pathophobia
fear of disease
Pharmacophobia
fear of drugs
Phasmophobia
fear of ghosts
Phobophobia
fear of fear
Ponophobia
fear of work
pyrophobia
fear of fire
sitophobia
fear of food
thanatophobia
fear of death
toxiphobia
fear of being poisoned
traumatophobia
fear of injury
Triskaidekaphobia
fear of the number 13
xenophobia
fear of strangers
zoophobia
fear of animals
form of obsessive compulsive disorder with abrupt onset following a group A hemolytic strep infection
Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS)
tx PANDAS
eliminate streptococcal infection, and short term therapy, SSRIs or steroids
delayed response to external traumatic event producing signs and sx o extreme distress
post traumatic stress disorder
tx PTSD
counseling, and drug therapy
group of mental disorders where pt experiences physical sx w/o underlying cause
somatoform disorder
aka somatization disorder
Briquet syndrome
multisymptomatic disorder before age 30 w/complaints of pain, GI, sexual, and neurotic sx w/o clinical basis
somatization disorder
cause of somatization disorder
unknown, stress/trauma, familial pattern
how is somatization disorder diagnosed
4 pain sx, 2 GI sx, 1 sexual sx, 1 pseudoneurolic sx before 30 yrs w/o sx free period of longer than 1 year and all other medical conditions are ruled out
tx somatization disorder
psychotherapy
aka conversion disorder
hysteria
anxiety is converted to physical/somatic sx
conversion disorder
cause of conversion disorder
stressful situation
pain causing significant distress and impairment
pain disorder
cause of pain disorder
clinical pathological conditions, psychological factors
fear of having disease leading to mistaking minute sx for severe illness
hypochondriasis
aka factitious disorder
munchausen syndrome
mental illness where pt stimulates sx of illness for attention and empathy
factitious disorder
feining of sx for financial or personal gain
malingering
pt feels powerful connection with opposite sex and desire to be the other sex
gender dysphoria
aka parasomnias
sleep arousal disorders
cause of narcolepsy
genetics
cause of parasomnias
genetic/developmental/psychological/organic factors, fever, brain tumors, lithium/drugs
cause of sleep apnea
genetics, nasal obstruction, alcohol, smoking related bronchitis, sleep deprivation, obesity leading to mechanical obstruction
tx sleep apnea
weight loss, CPAP, correction of underlying condition, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, reduction of alcohol/tobacco/sedatives
cluster A personality disorder pts appear
odd or eccentric
cluster B personality disorder pts appear
dramatic, emotional, or erratic
cluster C personality disorder pts appear
anxious and fearful
disorder characterized by troublesome conduct, cruel behavior, lack of guilt or learning from mistakes, irresponsible and impulsive actions
antisocial disorder
pts don’t trust others and assume others will harm/deceive them often leading to misinterpretation of other people
paranoid personality disorder
pts lack or show emotios of pelasure or pain, are loners, and appear indifferent, flat, or detached
schizoid personality disorder
pts have difficulty with social relationships and are superstitious, and may believe they have magic control over others
schizotypal personality disorder
list cluster A personality disorders
- paranoid personality disorder
- schizoid personality disorder
- schizotypal personality disorder
list the types of cluster b personality disorders
- antisocial eprsonality disorder
- borderline personality disorder
- histrionic disorder
- narcissistic disorder
list the types of cluster c personality disorders
- avoidant personality disorder
- depedent personality disorder
- obssessive compulsive personality disorder
pts have disregard for rights of others anf fail to conform to society, lack remorse, and are aggressive, manipulative, and reckless
antisocial personality disorder
unstable relationships, self image, and feelings and feel extreme emotions and outbursts when believe they are being rejected
borderline personality disorder
overly dramatic and theatrical mannerisms and need to be center of attention, immature and dependent and need constant approval
histronic disorder
pathologic self-love or grandiose self-admiration, lack empathy, and exploit others, fantasize of unlimitied success
narcissistic disorder
avoids any social situation bc of fear of criticism/disapproval/rejection
avoidant personality disorder
excessive reliance on others to make decisions for them and fear losing support or approval
dependent personality disorder
extreme apptern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfection, and control
obsessive compulsive personality disorder