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HOSA-PATHO > Mental Disorders > Flashcards

Mental Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

change in acquisition of intellectual skills and adaptive functioning, reduced behavioral performance, and subaverage general intelligence manifested in first 18 years of life

A

intellectual developmental disorder

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2
Q

cause of intellectual developmental disorder

A

heredity, early alterations of embyronic development, pre/peri/post natal complications (generally involving oxygen flow), general medical conditions (infection/trauma), environmental influenmces

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3
Q

how is intellectual developmental disorders diagnosed

A

observation and confirmation of intellecutal capabilities and adaptive behavior

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4
Q

tx intellectual developmental disorder

A

manage and tx underlying cause

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5
Q

aka learning disorders

A

learning differences or learning disabilities

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6
Q

conditions that cause children to learn in an abnormal manner bc of brain’s ability to receive and process info

A

learning disorder

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7
Q

cause of learning disabilities

A

underlying abnormality in cognitive processing but specificities are unknown. Other processes like language, attention, and visual processing likely contribuite to the problem

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8
Q

tx learning disabilities

A

drug therapy or special instructional techniques

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9
Q

frequent repeitions or prolongations of sounds/syllables

A

stuttering

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10
Q

stuttering more often occurs in

A

men

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11
Q

cause of stutter

A

genetics, anxiety

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12
Q

tx stutter

A

speech therapy

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13
Q

severe impairement in communication and social interaction skills related directly to developmental/mental age

A

pervasive developmental disorder

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14
Q

highly heritable disorder where communication deficits are common and sx vary in intensity among individuals

A

autism

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15
Q

autism is four times more common in

A

men

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16
Q

cause of autism

A

factor/set of factors including maternal rubella, encephalitis, and phenylketonuria

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17
Q

tx of autism

A

behavioral therapy, self-instructed training, drug therapy (risperidone, SSRI, antiepileptics, and stimulants)

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18
Q

list disorders that fall under pervasive developmental disorders

A

autism, pervasive development disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), rett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), and asperger

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19
Q

condition with average/above average intelligence generally in language and cognition but difficulty concentrating, poor coordination, and problems with social interaction and communication

A

asperger’s syndrome

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20
Q

normal development period until between 2-10 yrs where child lose many acquired skills and body function control

A

childhood disintegrative disorder

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21
Q

condition w/sx of PDD, loss of motor skills, and typically only affects girls bc of a defect on the X chromosome

A

rett syndrome

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22
Q

condition where child doesn’t meet all criteria for autism or aspergers but demonstrates several traits/sx

A

pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)

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23
Q

typicallly, how many types of ADHD are there

A

3

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24
Q

cause of ADHD

A

theorized to be genetic with definite brain malfunction

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25
Q

how is ADHD diagnosed

A

follow DSMV criteria

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26
Q

tx adhd

A

stimulants, atomoxetine, guanfacine, vitamin supplementation

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27
Q

behavioral disorder where kids demonstrate behaviors oppositional toward adults and is a strong predictor of poor outcomes

A

oppositional defiant disorder

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28
Q

causes of oppositional defant disorder

A

negative child termperament and ADHD, negative parent temperament, ineffective child management, and parent and family stress events

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29
Q

how is oppositional defiant disorder diagnosed

A

pts demonstrate at least 1 sx at least 3 times a week for at least 6 months

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30
Q

tx oppositional defiant disorder

A

mood stabilizers, family therapy (parent training and psychotherapy)

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31
Q

condition with sudden, rapid, recurrent motor movement/vocalization that is nonrhythmic

A

tic disorders

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32
Q

aka tourette’s

A

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

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33
Q

syndrome of multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tics simultaneously/at different times

A

tourettes

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34
Q

tourettes has a higher incidence in

A

men

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35
Q

cause of tourettes

A

genetics, streptococcal infections

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36
Q

how is tourettes diagnosed

A

motor and vocal tics occur several times a day over at elast a year without tic-free period of longer than 3 months and is not caused by substance/another medical condition, and pt experience significant impaired functioning

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37
Q

tx tourettes

A

drug therapy (calming agents)

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38
Q

t/f: dementia is a normal part of aging

A

false, it is a pathological sign

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39
Q

decline in perceiving, thinking, remembering, and cognitive functioning

A

dementia

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40
Q

progressive degenerative disease of brain with loss of mental and physical functioning

A

alzheimer disease

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41
Q

cause of alzheimers

A

genetics, age, biochemical changes in brain growth, autoimmune, viral infection, toxic chemical excess, chemical deficiency, blood vessel defects, deficiency of neurochemical factors

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42
Q

tx alzheimers

A

drug therapy, supportive care to meet needs and keep individuals as mobile as possible

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43
Q

pts w/this condition should avoid narcotic analgesics, antiarrhythmics, tricyclic antidepressants, antiemetics, antipsychotics, antihistamines, benzodiazepines, GI/Urinary antispasmodics, and muscle relaxants

A

alzheimers

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44
Q

this condition is caused from reduction in blood flow to brain from narrowed and stenosed arteries leading to general loss of intellectual abilities

A

vascular dementia

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45
Q

how is vascular dementia diagnosed

A

cerebral arteriography, MRI arteriography

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46
Q

tx of vascular dementia

A

improve blood flow (drug therapy, carotid endarterectomy, institutionalization)

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47
Q

cause of vascular dementia

A

growth of atherosclerotic plaque in carotid and cerebral artereies

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48
Q

condition caused by trauma to brain causing reduced blood flow to cerebrum

A

dementia caused by head trauma

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49
Q

how is dementia caused by head trauma diagnosed

A

xray, MRI, CT, neurological deficits

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50
Q

tx dementia from head trauma

A

prevent further damage, therapy, training

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51
Q

group of disorders that may result in chronic mental dysfunction and varying degrees of impairment

A

schizophrenia

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52
Q

cause of schizophrenia

A

genetics, stress, environmental factors

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53
Q

schizophrenia is two to three times more prevalent in

A

men

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54
Q

tx schizophrenia

A

antipsychotics, psychotherapy, family involvement,

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55
Q

unique life threatening reaction to antipsychotics

A

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

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56
Q

sudden fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction while taking an antipsychotic

A

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

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57
Q

cause of bipolar disorder

A

neurotransmitter levels, endocrine disorders, electrolyte imbalances, emotional/physical trauma

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58
Q

tx bipolar disorder

A

drug cocktail of antidepressants, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and others

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59
Q

list examples of mood disorders

A

bipolar and major depressive

60
Q

mood disorder with one or more major depressive episodes and no history of manic/hypomanic episodes

A

major depressive disorder

61
Q

cause of major depressive disorder

A

biological/familial pattern, environment, predisposing factor, unknown

62
Q

tx major depressive disorder

A

medication (SSRI) and psychotherapy

63
Q

list phenomena that commonly occur during a grief response

A

sensation of somatic distress, preoccupation w/the image of the deceased, guilt, anger, change in behavior, and reorganization of behavior directed toward new object/activity

64
Q

aka seasona affective disorder

A

seasonal pattern specifier

65
Q

lack of energy, excessive sleeping overeating, craving for carbs, weight gain

A

seasonal affective disorder

66
Q

depressive condition at regular times in the year typically during the fall and winter

A

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

67
Q

SAD is more prevalent in __ and ___

A

women and young adults

68
Q

cause of seasonal affective disorder

A

increase in melatonin

69
Q

what is the single largest mental health problem in the US

A

anxiety

70
Q

condition with “free floating anxiety” with constant worry of mistakes and future problems

A

general anxiety disorder

71
Q

what characterizes a panic disorder

A

at least 4 panic attacks within a month or if one or more attack is followed by persistant fear of having another attack

72
Q

excessive, persistent, and irrational fear and avoidant of specific stimulus

A

phobic disorder/phobia

73
Q

disorder with obsessions and compulsions

A

obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

74
Q

acrophobia

A

fear of heights

75
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of open spaces

76
Q

algophobia

A

fear of pain

77
Q

androphobia

A

fear of men

78
Q

arachnophobia

A

fear of spiders

79
Q

astrophobia

A

fear of storms, lightning, and thunder

80
Q

aviophobia

A

fear of flying

81
Q

hematophobia

A

fear of blood

82
Q

hodophobia

A

fear of travel

83
Q

Iatrophobia

A

fear of physicians

84
Q

Kainophobia

A

fear of change

85
Q

Kakorrhaphiophobia

A

fear of failure

86
Q

Lalophobia

A

fear of speaking in public

87
Q

Monophobia

A

fear of being alone

88
Q

Ochlophobia

A

fear of crows

89
Q

Olfactophobia

A

fear of odors

90
Q

Ombrophobia

A

fear of rain

91
Q

Ophidiophobia

A

fear of snakes

92
Q

Pathophobia

A

fear of disease

93
Q

Pharmacophobia

A

fear of drugs

94
Q

Phasmophobia

A

fear of ghosts

95
Q

Phobophobia

A

fear of fear

96
Q

Ponophobia

A

fear of work

97
Q

pyrophobia

A

fear of fire

98
Q

sitophobia

A

fear of food

99
Q

thanatophobia

A

fear of death

100
Q

toxiphobia

A

fear of being poisoned

101
Q

traumatophobia

A

fear of injury

102
Q

Triskaidekaphobia

A

fear of the number 13

103
Q

xenophobia

A

fear of strangers

104
Q

zoophobia

A

fear of animals

105
Q

form of obsessive compulsive disorder with abrupt onset following a group A hemolytic strep infection

A

Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS)

106
Q

tx PANDAS

A

eliminate streptococcal infection, and short term therapy, SSRIs or steroids

107
Q

delayed response to external traumatic event producing signs and sx o extreme distress

A

post traumatic stress disorder

108
Q

tx PTSD

A

counseling, and drug therapy

109
Q

group of mental disorders where pt experiences physical sx w/o underlying cause

A

somatoform disorder

110
Q

aka somatization disorder

A

Briquet syndrome

111
Q

multisymptomatic disorder before age 30 w/complaints of pain, GI, sexual, and neurotic sx w/o clinical basis

A

somatization disorder

112
Q

cause of somatization disorder

A

unknown, stress/trauma, familial pattern

113
Q

how is somatization disorder diagnosed

A

4 pain sx, 2 GI sx, 1 sexual sx, 1 pseudoneurolic sx before 30 yrs w/o sx free period of longer than 1 year and all other medical conditions are ruled out

114
Q

tx somatization disorder

A

psychotherapy

115
Q

aka conversion disorder

A

hysteria

116
Q

anxiety is converted to physical/somatic sx

A

conversion disorder

117
Q

cause of conversion disorder

A

stressful situation

118
Q

pain causing significant distress and impairment

A

pain disorder

119
Q

cause of pain disorder

A

clinical pathological conditions, psychological factors

120
Q

fear of having disease leading to mistaking minute sx for severe illness

A

hypochondriasis

121
Q

aka factitious disorder

A

munchausen syndrome

122
Q

mental illness where pt stimulates sx of illness for attention and empathy

A

factitious disorder

123
Q

feining of sx for financial or personal gain

A

malingering

124
Q

pt feels powerful connection with opposite sex and desire to be the other sex

A

gender dysphoria

125
Q

aka parasomnias

A

sleep arousal disorders

126
Q

cause of narcolepsy

A

genetics

127
Q

cause of parasomnias

A

genetic/developmental/psychological/organic factors, fever, brain tumors, lithium/drugs

128
Q

cause of sleep apnea

A

genetics, nasal obstruction, alcohol, smoking related bronchitis, sleep deprivation, obesity leading to mechanical obstruction

129
Q

tx sleep apnea

A

weight loss, CPAP, correction of underlying condition, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, reduction of alcohol/tobacco/sedatives

130
Q

cluster A personality disorder pts appear

A

odd or eccentric

131
Q

cluster B personality disorder pts appear

A

dramatic, emotional, or erratic

132
Q

cluster C personality disorder pts appear

A

anxious and fearful

133
Q

disorder characterized by troublesome conduct, cruel behavior, lack of guilt or learning from mistakes, irresponsible and impulsive actions

A

antisocial disorder

134
Q

pts don’t trust others and assume others will harm/deceive them often leading to misinterpretation of other people

A

paranoid personality disorder

135
Q

pts lack or show emotios of pelasure or pain, are loners, and appear indifferent, flat, or detached

A

schizoid personality disorder

136
Q

pts have difficulty with social relationships and are superstitious, and may believe they have magic control over others

A

schizotypal personality disorder

137
Q

list cluster A personality disorders

A
  • paranoid personality disorder
  • schizoid personality disorder
  • schizotypal personality disorder
138
Q

list the types of cluster b personality disorders

A
  • antisocial eprsonality disorder
  • borderline personality disorder
  • histrionic disorder
  • narcissistic disorder
139
Q

list the types of cluster c personality disorders

A
  • avoidant personality disorder
  • depedent personality disorder
  • obssessive compulsive personality disorder
140
Q

pts have disregard for rights of others anf fail to conform to society, lack remorse, and are aggressive, manipulative, and reckless

A

antisocial personality disorder

141
Q

unstable relationships, self image, and feelings and feel extreme emotions and outbursts when believe they are being rejected

A

borderline personality disorder

142
Q

overly dramatic and theatrical mannerisms and need to be center of attention, immature and dependent and need constant approval

A

histronic disorder

143
Q

pathologic self-love or grandiose self-admiration, lack empathy, and exploit others, fantasize of unlimitied success

A

narcissistic disorder

144
Q

avoids any social situation bc of fear of criticism/disapproval/rejection

A

avoidant personality disorder

145
Q

excessive reliance on others to make decisions for them and fear losing support or approval

A

dependent personality disorder

146
Q

extreme apptern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfection, and control

A

obsessive compulsive personality disorder

147
Q
A

HOSA-PATHO (13 decks)

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