Integumentary

Question 1

cause of diaper rash

Answer 1

friction, prolonged exposure to moisture/feces/ammonia, poorly washed/rinsed diapers, occlusive plastic pants, poor hygiene, overzealous cleaning

Question 2

tx diaper rash

Answer 2

frequent diaper changes, proper cleaning & drying of diaper area, bland protective agent, no diaper, topical antimicrobial agents

Question 3

small flat circumscribed lesion w/different color from skin

Answer 3

macule

Question 4

small firm elevated lesion

Answer 4

papul

Question 5

palpable elevated lesion varying in size

Answer 5

nodule

Question 6

elevated erythematous lesion w/pus

Answer 6

pustule

Question 7

elevated thin-walled lesion w/clear fluid

Answer 7

vesicle

Question 8

large slightly elevated lesion w/flat surface topped by scale

Answer 8

plaque

Question 9

dry rough surface or dried exudate/blood

Answer 9

crust

Question 10

thick, dry rough surface of skin

Answer 10

lichenification

Question 11

raised irregular and increasing mass of collagen from excessive scar formation

Answer 11

keloid

Question 12

small deep linear crack or tear in skin

Answer 12

fissure

Question 13

cavity with loss of tissue from epidermis and dermis often weeping or bleeding

Answer 13

ulcer

Question 14

shallow moist cavity in epidermis

Answer 14

erosion

Question 15

mass of sebum, keratin, and debris blocking the opening of hair follicle

Answer 15

comedo

Question 16

cause of seborrheic dermatitis

Answer 16

idiopathic, heredity, pityrosporum

Question 17

tx: seborrheic dermatitis

Answer 17

low-strength cortisone cream, hydrocortisone cream, nonprescription shampoos with tar/zinc pyrithione/selenium sulfide/sulfur/alicylic acid

Question 18

tx: cradle cap

Answer 18

gentle massage scalp, shampoo daily with mild soap, brush hair with soft brush, apply mineral oil and cover with warm cloth, prescription lotion or cream

Question 19

acute inflammation response of skin triggered by exogenous chemical/substance

Answer 19

contact dermatitis

Question 20

cause of contact dermatitis

Answer 20

plants (poison ivy, oak, sumac), dyes, latex, furs, preservatives, drugs, detergents, chemicals, metals, radiation

Question 21

hos is contact dermatitis diagnosed

Answer 21

clinical picture, pt history, prior outbreaks, patch test

Question 22

tx: contact dermatitis

Answer 22

thoroughly clean site and apply corticosteroid cream, steroids

Question 23

aka: atopic dermatitis

Answer 23

ezcema

Question 24

chronic inflammation of skin

Answer 24

atopic dermatitis

Question 25

cause of ezcema

Answer 25

idiopathic

Question 26

how is atopic dermatitis diagnosed

Answer 26

skin exam, pt and family history

Question 27

tx: atopic dermatitis

Answer 27

moisturizer, sunlight therapy, vitamin D, calcipotriene, topical creams or oinements w/cortisone derivative, antihistamines, tranquilizers, sedatives, some NSAIDs, injectible that blocks interleukin 4

Question 28

aka: urticaria

Answer 28

hives

Question 29

cause: urticaria

Answer 29

acute hypersensitivity (allergies), infection, inhalants, sunlight, temperature extremes, unknown

Question 30

tx: urticaria

Answer 30

remove antigenic factor, antihistamines, epinephrine, prednisone, methylprednisolone, corticosteroid creams

Question 31

chronic skin condition with thick flaky red patches with white silvery scales

Answer 31

psoriasis

Question 32

cause: psoriasis

Answer 32

unknown, autoimmune

Question 33

list precipitating factors for psoriasis

Answer 33

- hormonal changes - pregnancy - climate changes - emotional stress - period of generally poor health - drugs

Question 34

how is psoriasis diagnosed

Answer 34

characteristic rash, pt history, skin biopsy

Question 35

tx: psoriasis

Answer 35

keep skin moist, UV exposure, psoralens medication, topical steroid creams/ointments, coaltar preparations, cream w/retinoids, low-dosage antihistamines, oatmeal baths, creams w/synthetic vitamin D analogues, chemotherapy

Question 36

chronic inflammatory disease of facial skin

Answer 36

rosacea

Question 37

cause: rosacea

Answer 37

unknown

Question 38

how is rosacea diagnosed

Answer 38

pt history and clinical picture

Question 39

tx: rosacea

Answer 39

- meds w/azelaic acid 15% - metronidazole cream 1% - sodium sulfacetamide - topical antibiotics - lifestyle changes - reduce reasons for blushing - avoid sun/hard exercise/extreme temp/stress/spicy food/alcohol/hot drinks/wind - sunscreen - laser surgery - topical gel

Question 40

inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles

Answer 40

acne vulgaris

Question 41

cause of acne vulgaris

Answer 41

unknown

Question 42

list precipitating factors for acne vulgaris

Answer 42

- heredity - food allergies - endocrine disorders - psychological factors - fatigue - steroid drugs

Question 43

how is acne vulgaris diagnosed

Answer 43

clinical picture and pt history

Question 44

tx: acne vulgaris

Answer 44

topical/systemic antibiotics, topical keratolytic agents, meds related to vitamin A, benzoyl peroxide gels, isotretinoin

Question 45

aka: herpes zoster

Answer 45

shingles

Question 46

cause of shingles

Answer 46

varicella zoster virus

Question 47

how is shingles diagnosed

Answer 47

characteristic clinical picture, blood sample, culture from vesicle scrapings

Question 48

tx shingles

Answer 48

analgesics, mild tranquilizers/sedatives, antipruritics, steroids, drying agent, antivirals, antibiotics, capsaicin cream, lidocaine, nerve blocks

Question 49

common contagious bacterial superficial skin infection

Answer 49

impetigo

Question 50

causes of impetigo

Answer 50

streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus from insects, scabies, poor hygiene, anemia, malnutrition, impairment of skin integrity

Question 51

how is impetigo diagnosed

Answer 51

clinical picture, Tzanck test, gram staining

Question 52

tx impetigo

Answer 52

antibiotics, clean lesions, quarantine

Question 53

pus-containing abscess involving hair follicle and adjacent subQ tissue

Answer 53

furuncle

Question 54

unusually large furuncle or multiple furuncles that are connected

Answer 54

carbuncle

Question 55

aka: furuncle

Answer 55

boil

Question 56

cause of furuncles and carbuncles

Answer 56

bacterial infection with staphylococcus (gen S aureus)

Question 57

list predisposing factors for furuncles and carbuncles

Answer 57

- diabetes mellitus - nephritis - immunodeficiency - IV drug abuse - underlying diseases

Question 58

how is furuncles and carbuncles diagnosed

Answer 58

clinical picture

Question 59

tx furuncles and carbuncles

Answer 59

hot compress, incision and drainage, antibiotic

Question 60

bacterial infection of skin and subQ

Answer 60

cellulitis

Question 61

cause of cellulitis

Answer 61

streptococcus or staphylococcus enter thru small cut/lesion

Question 62

how is cellulitis diagnosed

Answer 62

physical exam and blood culture

Question 63

tx cellulitis

Answer 63

- immobilize and elevate affected limb - coll magnesium sulfate (epsom salt) solution compresses - warm compresses - systemic antibiotics - aspirin/NSAIDs/acetampinophen/codeine

Question 64

chronic superficial fungal infection

Answer 64

dermatophytosis

Question 65

aka: dermatophytosis

Answer 65

tinea

Question 66

round gray scaly lesions on scalp gen in kids

Answer 66

tinea capitis

Question 67

aka: tinea pedis

Answer 67

athlete's foot

Question 68

aka: tinea cruris

Answer 68

jock itch

Question 69

cause of dermatophytosis

Answer 69

direct contact w/fungus or spores

Question 70

how is dermatophytosis diagnosed

Answer 70

clinical picture and culture of lesions

Question 71

tx dermatophytosis

Answer 71

antifungals

Question 72

____ tx tinea capitis compared to meds used to tx tinea pedis, tinea corporis, and tinea cruris

Answer 72

selenium sulfide 2.5%

Question 73

aka: decubitus ulcer

Answer 73

pressure ulcer; bed sore

Question 74

localized area of dead skin

Answer 74

decubitus ulcer

Question 75

cause of decubitus ulcer

Answer 75

lack of blood to area

Question 76

tx decubitus ulcer

Answer 76

topical agents

Question 77

how is decubitus ulcer diagnosed

Answer 77

clinical picture