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HOSA-PATHO > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

cause of diaper rash

A

friction, prolonged exposure to moisture/feces/ammonia, poorly washed/rinsed diapers, occlusive plastic pants, poor hygiene, overzealous cleaning

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2
Q

tx diaper rash

A

frequent diaper changes, proper cleaning & drying of diaper area, bland protective agent, no diaper, topical antimicrobial agents

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3
Q

small flat circumscribed lesion w/different color from skin

A

macule

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4
Q

small firm elevated lesion

A

papul

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5
Q

palpable elevated lesion varying in size

A

nodule

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6
Q

elevated erythematous lesion w/pus

A

pustule

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7
Q

elevated thin-walled lesion w/clear fluid

A

vesicle

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8
Q

large slightly elevated lesion w/flat surface topped by scale

A

plaque

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9
Q

dry rough surface or dried exudate/blood

A

crust

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10
Q

thick, dry rough surface of skin

A

lichenification

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11
Q

raised irregular and increasing mass of collagen from excessive scar formation

A

keloid

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12
Q

small deep linear crack or tear in skin

A

fissure

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13
Q

cavity with loss of tissue from epidermis and dermis often weeping or bleeding

A

ulcer

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14
Q

shallow moist cavity in epidermis

A

erosion

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15
Q

mass of sebum, keratin, and debris blocking the opening of hair follicle

A

comedo

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16
Q

cause of seborrheic dermatitis

A

idiopathic, heredity, pityrosporum

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17
Q

tx: seborrheic dermatitis

A

low-strength cortisone cream, hydrocortisone cream, nonprescription shampoos with tar/zinc pyrithione/selenium sulfide/sulfur/alicylic acid

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18
Q

tx: cradle cap

A

gentle massage scalp, shampoo daily with mild soap, brush hair with soft brush, apply mineral oil and cover with warm cloth, prescription lotion or cream

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19
Q

acute inflammation response of skin triggered by exogenous chemical/substance

A

contact dermatitis

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20
Q

cause of contact dermatitis

A

plants (poison ivy, oak, sumac), dyes, latex, furs, preservatives, drugs, detergents, chemicals, metals, radiation

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21
Q

hos is contact dermatitis diagnosed

A

clinical picture, pt history, prior outbreaks, patch test

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22
Q

tx: contact dermatitis

A

thoroughly clean site and apply corticosteroid cream, steroids

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23
Q

aka: atopic dermatitis

A

ezcema

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24
Q

chronic inflammation of skin

A

atopic dermatitis

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25
Q

cause of ezcema

A

idiopathic

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26
Q

how is atopic dermatitis diagnosed

A

skin exam, pt and family history

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27
Q

tx: atopic dermatitis

A

moisturizer, sunlight therapy, vitamin D, calcipotriene, topical creams or oinements w/cortisone derivative, antihistamines, tranquilizers, sedatives, some NSAIDs, injectible that blocks interleukin 4

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28
Q

aka: urticaria

A

hives

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29
Q

cause: urticaria

A

acute hypersensitivity (allergies), infection, inhalants, sunlight, temperature extremes, unknown

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30
Q

tx: urticaria

A

remove antigenic factor, antihistamines, epinephrine, prednisone, methylprednisolone, corticosteroid creams

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31
Q

chronic skin condition with thick flaky red patches with white silvery scales

A

psoriasis

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32
Q

cause: psoriasis

A

unknown, autoimmune

33
Q

list precipitating factors for psoriasis

A
  • hormonal changes
  • pregnancy
  • climate changes
  • emotional stress
  • period of generally poor health
  • drugs
34
Q

how is psoriasis diagnosed

A

characteristic rash, pt history, skin biopsy

35
Q

tx: psoriasis

A

keep skin moist, UV exposure, psoralens medication, topical steroid creams/ointments, coaltar preparations, cream w/retinoids, low-dosage antihistamines, oatmeal baths, creams w/synthetic vitamin D analogues, chemotherapy

36
Q

chronic inflammatory disease of facial skin

A

rosacea

37
Q

cause: rosacea

A

unknown

38
Q

how is rosacea diagnosed

A

pt history and clinical picture

39
Q

tx: rosacea

A
  • meds w/azelaic acid 15%
  • metronidazole cream 1%
  • sodium sulfacetamide
  • topical antibiotics
  • lifestyle changes
  • reduce reasons for blushing
  • avoid sun/hard exercise/extreme temp/stress/spicy food/alcohol/hot drinks/wind
  • sunscreen
  • laser surgery
  • topical gel
40
Q

inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles

A

acne vulgaris

41
Q

cause of acne vulgaris

A

unknown

42
Q

list precipitating factors for acne vulgaris

A
  • heredity
  • food allergies
  • endocrine disorders
  • psychological factors
  • fatigue
  • steroid drugs
43
Q

how is acne vulgaris diagnosed

A

clinical picture and pt history

44
Q

tx: acne vulgaris

A

topical/systemic antibiotics, topical keratolytic agents, meds related to vitamin A, benzoyl peroxide gels, isotretinoin

45
Q

aka: herpes zoster

A

shingles

46
Q

cause of shingles

A

varicella zoster virus

47
Q

how is shingles diagnosed

A

characteristic clinical picture, blood sample, culture from vesicle scrapings

48
Q

tx shingles

A

analgesics, mild tranquilizers/sedatives, antipruritics, steroids, drying agent, antivirals, antibiotics, capsaicin cream, lidocaine, nerve blocks

49
Q

common contagious bacterial superficial skin infection

A

impetigo

50
Q

causes of impetigo

A

streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus from insects, scabies, poor hygiene, anemia, malnutrition, impairment of skin integrity

51
Q

how is impetigo diagnosed

A

clinical picture, Tzanck test, gram staining

52
Q

tx impetigo

A

antibiotics, clean lesions, quarantine

53
Q

pus-containing abscess involving hair follicle and adjacent subQ tissue

A

furuncle

54
Q

unusually large furuncle or multiple furuncles that are connected

A

carbuncle

55
Q

aka: furuncle

A

boil

56
Q

cause of furuncles and carbuncles

A

bacterial infection with staphylococcus (gen S aureus)

57
Q

list predisposing factors for furuncles and carbuncles

A
  • diabetes mellitus
  • nephritis
  • immunodeficiency
  • IV drug abuse
  • underlying diseases
58
Q

how is furuncles and carbuncles diagnosed

A

clinical picture

59
Q

tx furuncles and carbuncles

A

hot compress, incision and drainage, antibiotic

60
Q

bacterial infection of skin and subQ

A

cellulitis

61
Q

cause of cellulitis

A

streptococcus or staphylococcus enter thru small cut/lesion

62
Q

how is cellulitis diagnosed

A

physical exam and blood culture

63
Q

tx cellulitis

A
  • immobilize and elevate affected limb
  • coll magnesium sulfate (epsom salt) solution compresses
  • warm compresses
  • systemic antibiotics
  • aspirin/NSAIDs/acetampinophen/codeine
64
Q

chronic superficial fungal infection

A

dermatophytosis

65
Q

aka: dermatophytosis

A

tinea

66
Q

round gray scaly lesions on scalp gen in kids

A

tinea capitis

67
Q

aka: tinea pedis

A

athlete’s foot

68
Q

aka: tinea cruris

A

jock itch

69
Q

cause of dermatophytosis

A

direct contact w/fungus or spores

70
Q

how is dermatophytosis diagnosed

A

clinical picture and culture of lesions

71
Q

tx dermatophytosis

A

antifungals

72
Q

____ tx tinea capitis compared to meds used to tx tinea pedis, tinea corporis, and tinea cruris

A

selenium sulfide 2.5%

73
Q

aka: decubitus ulcer

A

pressure ulcer; bed sore

74
Q

localized area of dead skin

A

decubitus ulcer

75
Q

cause of decubitus ulcer

A

lack of blood to area

76
Q

tx decubitus ulcer

A

topical agents

77
Q

how is decubitus ulcer diagnosed

A

clinical picture

78
Q
A

HOSA-PATHO (12 decks)

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