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HOSA-PATHO > sx > Flashcards

sx Flashcards

1
Q

tenderness in neck front of and below ears, pain on swallowing, rash, headache, muscle aches, low-grade fever loss of appetite, and earache aggravated by chewing is

A

mumps

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2
Q

common cold symptoms, violent cough ending in high-pitched inspiratory whoop, vomiting of thick mucus, and a cough that gradually diminishes is

A

pertussis

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3
Q

cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, photophobia, blotchy rash, fever, and Koplik spots is

A

measles

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4
Q

Rose colored slightly elevated rash on face then downward on body, low grade fever, tender and enlarged lymph nodes are

A

rubella

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5
Q

extremely febrile, irritable, sweating profusely, stiff neck, tight jaw, spasms of facial muscles, difficulty swallowing, muscles of back and abdomen rigid, convulsive spasms, and asphyxiation is

A

tetanus

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6
Q

URI, hoarseness, fever, harsh high pitched cough, stridor during inspiration, dyspnea, grunting noise/wheezing, pale skin w/circumoral cyanosis, and anxiety/frightened is

A

croup

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7
Q

sore throat, croupy cough, fever, respiratory distress from obstruction, red and swollen epiglottis, rapidly increasing dyspnea, and drooling is

A

epiglottitis

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8
Q

mild to severe sore throat, fever, chills, headache, malaise, anorexia, muscle and joint pain, inflamed and swollen tonsils w/yellowing exudate from crypts, lymph glands are tender and enlarged

A

acute tonsillitis

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9
Q

mouth breather, snores during sleep, sleep apnea, speech has nasal quality

A

adenoid hyperplasia

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9
Q

incessant productive/nonproductive cough, expiratory wheeze, rapid shallow respirations, rapid pulse, pallor, profuse perspiration, inability to speak, nasal flaring, intercostal/sternal retractions, anxious, exhaustion, tight chest feeling, diminished breath sounds/wheeze/rhonchi

A

asthma

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10
Q

cough, nasal congestion, wheezing, tachypnea, respiratory distress, fever, posttussive emesis, breathing too fast to feed, dehydration, apnea

A

bronchiolitis

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11
Q

intermittently draws up legs, clenches fists, cries as if in pain, farting/burping, episodes in late afternoon & evening, thrive, gain weight, tolerate formula/breast milk

A

infantile colic

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12
Q

mild to intense itching and irritation in area of eggs

A

helminth infestation

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13
Q

intestinal cramping, weakness, nausea, irritability, fever, painful passage of stool

A

diarrhea

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14
Q

pallor, weakness, fatigue, listlessness, palpitations, tachycardia, cardiac enlargement, jaundice, mental sluggishness

A

anemia

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15
Q

fever, easy bruising, pallor, weakness, weight loss, bone and joint pain, enlarged lymph nodes and spleen, anemia, susceptible to infection, prolonged bleeding time

A

leukemia

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16
Q

anemia, jaundice, kernicterus, enlargement of liver and spleen, extreme hemolysis

A

erythroblastosis fetalis

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17
Q

extreme hemolysis, seizures, lethargy, intellectual developmental disorder, edema, pulmonary congestion

A

hydrops fetalis

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18
Q

loss of appetite, vomiting, irritability, ataxic gait, anemia, weakness, colic, peripheral neuritis, intellectual developmental disorder, symptoms of encephalopathy (vomiting, headache, stupor, convulsions, coma)

A

lead poisoning

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19
Q

lethargy, listlessness, irritability, combativeness, vomiting, hepatic dysfunction, hyperventilation, hyperactive reflexes, disorientation, convulsions, delirium, organ changes, coma, loss of cerebral function, seizures, loss of deep tendon reflexes, respiratory arrest

A

Reye syndrome

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20
Q

delayed growth, smaller eye openings, eyes widely apart, thin upper lip, CNS problems, heart defects, intellectual developmental disorder, learning difficulties (decreased attention span and memory, visual and auditory problems, communication difficulty), poor developed

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

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21
Q

mild excoriation/maculopapular rash to blisters and ulceration around infant’s genitals

A

diaper rash

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22
Q

abdominal mass, abdominal pain/fullness, anemia, bone pain, fever, hypertension, periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon eyes)

A

neuroblastoma

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23
Q

flulike sx (sore throat, fever, body aches), lymphadenopathy, weight loss, fatigue, diarrhea, night sweats, lower T cells, frequent infections, encephalopathy, malignancy, dementia, death

A

AIDS

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24
Q

history of chronic/recurrent infections, GI disease (diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss), lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, chronic lung disease, granulomatous, increased autoimmune disorders

A

common variable immunodeficiency

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25
Q

asymptomatic, recurrent sinopulmonary infections, GI infection, autoimmune disease, food allergies, anaphylactic reactions, recurrent otitis media/sinusitis/pneumonia

A

selective immunoglobulin A deficiency

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26
Q

absent/near-absent tonsils and adenoids, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, recurrent severe gram-positive infections, enterovirus infection

A

x-linked agammaglobulinemia

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27
Q

severe recurrent infections, chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive, discernible lymphoid tissue absent, hypogammaglobulinemia, very low/absent T cells

A

severe combined immunodeficiency

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28
Q

abnormally wide set downward slanting eyes, low set ears w/notched pinna, small mouth, abnormalities of palate, cardiovascular defects, underdeveloped/absent thymus and parathyroid gland, signs of tetany, cognitive impairment

A

DiGeorge Anomaly

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29
Q

large circular lesions on skin/mucous membranes/nails/vagina, sores in mouth, recurrent thrust, diaper rash, recurrent respiratory tract infection, endocrine disorders, autoimmune conditions

A

chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

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30
Q

eczema, thrombocytopenia w/severe bleeding, increased susceptibility to bacteria and viral infections, petechiae, purpura, hematemesis, epistaxis, hematuria, GI and intracranial bleeding

A

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

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31
Q

fatigue, weakness, chills, fever, dyspnea, itching, pale, jaundice, bruise easily, hypotensive

A

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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32
Q

sore tongue, weakness, tingling & numbness in extremities, slight jaundice, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, flatulence, weight loss, vulnerable to infection, neuritis, peripheral weakness, paresthesia, ataxia, light headedness, tinnitus, altered vision, optic muscle atrophy, headaches, weakness, dyspnea, tachycardia, premature ventricular contractions, congestive heart failure

A

pernicious anemia

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33
Q

inability for blood to clot, spontaneous hemorrhages, petechiae, ecchymoses, GI bleeding, epistaxis, menorrhagia, hematuria, easy bruising

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

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34
Q

acute glomerulonephritis, relatively acute renal failure, proteinuria, anemia, hemoptysis, hematuria, weight loss, fever, fatigue

A

goodpasture syndrome

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35
Q

inflammation of skin/joints/nerves/kidneys/lungs/organs, butterfly rash, photosensitivity, fever, fatigue, joint pain, malaise, joint deformities, weight loss, Raynaud’s phenomenon, hair loss

A

systematic lupus erythematosus

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36
Q

sclerosis, shrinking of skin and organs, tau/firm/edematous skin, skin firmly attached to subcutaneous tissue, skin tough and leathery, itchy, pigmented patches, Raynaud’s phenomenon, joint swelling stiffness and pain

A

scleroderma

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37
Q

xerostomia, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, difficulty talking/chewing/swallowing, sores on or in mouth/nose, dental decay

A

sjogren syndrome

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38
Q

inflammation and edema of synovial membranes, destroyed cartilage, deformed joints, destroyed bone, paralysis, death, inflammation around/in lungs/heart/blood vessels, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, persistent low grade fever, general malaise, edema/pain/tenderness/erythema/warmth in joints, joint stiffness, bursitis, anemia

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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39
Q

fluctuating temperature, poor appetite, weight loss, blotchy salmon-colored rash, anemia, swollen/stiff/painful joints, red painful eyes, swollen cervical/axillary lymph glands, irritability, acute pericarditis, impaired skeletal development

A

systemic juvenile idiopathic rheumatoid arthritis

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40
Q

recurring morning low back pain & stiffness, fatigue, weight loss, fever, diarrhea, eye pain, photophobia, pain, tenderness, heel pain, inflammatory bowel disease, family incidence of arthritic conditions, cervical/thoracic axial pain, stiffness w/paraspinal muscular spasm, limited ROM, forward flexion of spine

A

ankylosing spondylitis

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41
Q

gradual/rapid muscle weakness, loss of muscle power & atrophy, trouble swallowing & weakness in lifting, muscle ache, tender muscles, skin inflammation, rash over face/shoulders/arms/bony prominences, and fatigue is

A

polymyositis

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42
Q

weakness/numbness in limbs, optic neuritis, loss of vision in 1 eye, diplopia, unsteady gait, vertigo, difficulty peeing, facial numbness/pain, speech problems, dysphagia, hearing loss, impotence (men), fatigue, emotional disturbances

A

multiple sclerosis

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43
Q

extreme muscle weakness w/o atrophy, progressive fatigue, drooping eyelids, diplopia, difficulty talking/chewing/swallowing, and myasthenic crisis is

A

myasthenia gravis

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44
Q

purpura, petechiae, erythema, ulcerations, edema, pain & burning sensation, ocular lesions, genital/oral ulcerations, abdominal pain, arthralgia, weakness

A

small vessel vasculitis

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45
Q

headaches, fever, weakness, fatigue, malaise, anorexia, ,weight loss, dyspnea, hypertension, visual disturbances, muscle & joint pain, angina, ischemic pain, ulceration of skin, weakness, numbness

A

systemic necrotizing vasculitis

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46
Q

proportional overgrowth of all body tissue, abnormal & accelerated growth, lengthy long bones, delayed sexual development, delayed mental development

A

gigantism

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47
Q

overgrowth of bones in hands/face/feet, excessive overgrowth of soft tissue, joint pain, large spaces between teeth

A

acromegaly

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48
Q

metabolic dysfunction, sexual immaturity, delayed growth, other sx depending on specific hormone deficiency is

A

hypopituitarism

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49
Q

extremely short stature but proportional and no secondary sex characteristics are

A

dwarfism

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50
Q

polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, sx of dehydration, dry mucous membranes, hypotension, dizziness, and poor skin turgor is

A

diabetes insipidus

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51
Q

asymptomatic, goiter, difficulty swallowing, dyspnea, weight loss despite good appetite, heat intolerance, tachycardia, anxiety, and increased sweating is

A

simple goiter

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52
Q

gradual and painless lumpy enlargement of thyroid, pressure in neck, difficulty swallowing, sensitivity to cold, weight gain, fatigue, depression, mental apathy

A

hashimoto thyroiditis

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53
Q

rapid bpm & palpitations, nervousness, excitability, increased metabolism, losing weight despite excessive appetite, insomnia, profuse perspiration, warm moist skin, intolerant of hot weather, muscular weakness, onycholysis, general hyperactive behavior, loss of hair, tremor, exopthalmos, dermopathy

A

graves disease

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54
Q

fatigue, cold intolerance, constipation, dry flaky skin is

A

hypothyroidism

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55
Q

intellectual development disorder, delayed growth, dwarf, stocky, protruding abdomen, short forehead, broad nose, small wide-set eyes, puffy eyelids, wide open mouth, thick protruding tongue, expressionless face, dry skin, failed to develop sex organs, can’t stand or walk

A

crtinism

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56
Q

excessive fatigue, muscular weakness, loss of hair, weight gain, constipation, intolerance to cold, dry and scaly skin, puffiness of hands, enlarged tongue

A

myxedema

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57
Q

asymptomatic, hard painless lump on thyroid, vocal cord paralysis, obstructive symptoms, cervical lymphadenopathy, dysphagia

A

thyroid cancer

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58
Q

hypercalcemia, irritability of nerve and muscle, muscle weakness and atrophy, GI pain, nausea, conduction defects in heart, back pain, renal calculi, bone tenderness, arthritic pain, easy fracturing of bones

A

hyperparathyroidism

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59
Q

hypocalcemia, excessive deposits of calcium in tissue, hyperexcitable nervous system, overstimulation of skeletal muscles, numbness & tingling of fingertips/toes/ears/nose, muscle spasms/twitching of hands and feet, tetany, emotion changes, confusion, irritability, laryngospasm, arrhythmia, respiratory paralysis, death

A

hypoaprathyroidism

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60
Q

fatigue, muscular weakness, weight gain, fat deposits on scapulas and trunk, protruding abdomen, salt and water retention, moon face, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, change in mood and cognition, decreased short term memory, thin skin, easily bruise, red or purple striae, excessive hair growth, amenorrhea, impotence

A

cushing syndrome

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61
Q

fatigue, weakness, anorexia, agitation, confusion, weight loss, GI disturbances, bronze skin color, irregular pulse, reduced cardiac output, orthostatic hypotension, depression, anxiety, emotional distress, can’t retain salt and water

A

addison disease

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62
Q

ketonuria, hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, fatigue, pruritus, fruity odor to breath, retinopathy, neuropathy, renal failure, atherosclerosis, MI, cerebrovascular accidents, delayed healing, susceptible to infection

A

diabetes mellitus

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63
Q

asymptomatic, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

A

gestational diabetes

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64
Q

sweating, nervousness, weakness, hunger, dizziness, trembling, headache, palpitations, confusion, visual disturbances, drunken behavior, stupor, coma, seizures is

A

hypoglycemia

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65
Q

early development of secondary sex, gonadal development, spermatogenesis, altered growth pattern, emotional disturbances, pubic and facial hair, gonads and penis increase, sebaceous gland activity increase is

A

precocious puberty in boys

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66
Q

increased growth rate, breast enlargement, pubic and underarm hair before 8 year, menarche before 10 yrs, ovarian function, pregnancy, emotional problems

A

precocious puberty in girls

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67
Q

slow onset, thirst, increased urination, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, drowsiness, lethargy, flushed appearance, dry skin, fruity breath odor, dehydration, heavy respiration, dilated and fixed pupil, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, loss of consciousness, coma

A

diabetic coma

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68
Q

rapid onset, hunger, trembling, paleness, feeling faint, cold sweat, headache, anxiety, rapid heartbeat, irritability, impaired vision, hypoglycemia, confusion, seizures, loss of consciousness

A

insulin reaction

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69
Q

blurred vision, eye fatigue, rubbing of eyes, squinting, headaches

A

refractive errors

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70
Q

repetitive or involuntary movement of either/both eyes (horizontal/vertical/circular/combo), blurred or decreased vision

A

nystagmus

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71
Q

esotropia, exotropia, diplopia

A

strabismus

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72
Q

swelling, redness, pus, feeling something in the eye

A

horedolum

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73
Q

varied size, redness, swelling, pain, nodule

A

chalazion

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74
Q

decreased visual acuity, irritation, tearing, photophobia, mild redness of conjunctiva

A

keratitis

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75
Q

persistent redness, crusting on and around eyelids, itching, burning, foreign body sensation, bilateral and symmetric, eyelashes fall out, irritation of eyes

A

blepharitis

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76
Q

foreign body sensation, tearing, itching, redness, conjunctivitis, vision problems, damage to cornea, epithelial defects

A

entropion

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77
Q

tears down cheeks, eye dryness, tearing

A

ectropion

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78
Q

drooping of upper eyelid

A

blepharoptosis

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79
Q

redness, swelling, foreign body sensation, itching, tear excessively, photophobia, discharge

A

conjunctivitis

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80
Q

foreign body sensation, scratchy, burning, stinging, photophobia, blurred vision, redness of eyes, difficulty night time driving and wearing contacts is

A

keratoconjunctivitis

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81
Q

pain, redness, tearing, foreign body sensation, and vision impairment is

A

corneal abrasion/ulcer

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82
Q

redness and irritation to an isolated part to single eye

A

episcleritis

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83
Q

intense redness, pain, blurred vision, inflammation in posterior part of eye, vision loss, perforation of globe, sx in either both or one eye

A

scleritis

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84
Q

deterioration of vision, poor night vision, yellowing/fading of colors, loss of brightness and colors, need bright light for reading, visible cataract

A

cataract

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85
Q

chronic open angle glaucoma is generally

A

asymptomatic

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86
Q

blurred vision, severe eye pain, headaches, redness of eye, photophobia, sees halos around light, severe pain, nausea/vomiting, hazy cornea, significantly high IOP

A

acute angle closure glaucoma

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87
Q

mild distortion of central vision, straight lines appear wavy, semiopaque spots, activities requiring sharp vision is impossible

A

macular degeneration

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88
Q

microaneurysm, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal vines, macular edema, formation of abnormal new vessels, vision sharpness and clarity change, sx in both eyes

A

diabetic retinopathy

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89
Q

retinal tear or hole, new floaters, light flashes, dark shadow from periphery inward

A

retinal detachment

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90
Q

pain, photophobia, blurred vision, redness, sx in one or both eyes

A

uveitis

91
Q

dryness, gritty feeling, double vision, restricted eye movement, blurred vision

A

exophthalmos

92
Q

tinnitus, loss of hearing, earache is

A

impacted cerumen

93
Q

severe pain, red swollen ear canal, hearing loss, fever, pruritus, drainage is

A

infective otitis externa

94
Q

aka: swimmer’s ear

A

otits externa

95
Q

fullness/pressure in ear, impaired hearing, clear and sterile fluid

A

serous otitis media

96
Q

purulent fluid, painful, sudden onset, infection, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, rub/pull affected ear, lean head towards affect side, dizziness, muffled hearing, loss of hearing

A

suppurative otitis media

97
Q

tinnitus, gradual hearing loss of low/soft sounds, turn head to hear, sx both ears

A

otosclerosis

98
Q

vertigo, tinnitus, progressive hearing loss, sensation of fullness/pressure, sudden onset, nausea, vomiting, sweating, loss of balance, hyperacusis, sx either or both ears

A

meniere disease

99
Q

nausea, vomiting, involuntary eye movement, difficulty standing or walking, spinning sensation when moving head, dizziness while body still and eyes closed, lightheadedness, feeling faint

A

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

100
Q

fever, extreme vertigo, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, loss of hearing in one ear, difficulty focusing eyes, poor balance is

A

labyrinthitis

101
Q

slight pain, partial hearing loss, slight discharge/blood from ear, hear buzzing, facial weakness, dizziness, purulent drainage

A

ruptured tympanic membrane

102
Q

mild to moderate hearing loss, purulent drainage, earache, headache, vertigo, weakness of facial muscles

A

cholesteatoma

103
Q

pain, edema around mastoid, fever, chills, headache, hearing loss, drainage from ear is

A

mastoiditis

104
Q

tinnitus, partial to severe hearing loss is

A

sensorineural hearing loss

105
Q

progressive hearing loss, chronic otic discharge, visible mass, lesion on ear exam, loss of equilibrium, tinnitus, pain is

A

ear cancer

106
Q

gradual increase & change in quality of sebum, inflammation, red skin, yellowish greasy looking scales is

A

seborrheic dermatitis

107
Q

erythema, edema, ooze/burn/itch/stinging vesicles

A

contact dermatitis

108
Q

characteristic rash, vesicular & exudative eruptions (kids, dry leathery vesicles (adults), pruritus

A

atopic dermatitis

109
Q

hives, abdominal colic, asphyxiation, itching

A

urticaria

110
Q

silvery scales, slight itch/soreness, dry/cracked/encrusted skin, nails thicken and crumble

A

psoriasis

111
Q

dryness, inflamed/pustule acne, enlarged small blood vessels, small knobby bumps on nose, face redness, eyelids red and swollen, eyelashes fall out, burning or gritty feeling in eyes

A

rosacea

112
Q

papules, pustules, comedones, nodules is

A

acne vulgaris

113
Q

bandlike unilateral rash along peripheral nerves not crossing midline, pain, burning, tingling, fever, vesicles, skin reddened & blistered, vesicles crust and scab

A

herpes zoster

114
Q

lesions w/honey colored crust, small vesicles surrounded by reddened skin, pruritus, ulcerations w/erythema, scarring is

A

impetigo

115
Q

red, swollen painful pus-filled abscess

A

furuncles

116
Q

erythema, pitting edema, skin tender and hot to touch, red lines or streaks proximal to infection along lymph vessels, fever, malaise

A

cellulitis

117
Q

round gray scaly lesion on scalp, slight pruritus, asymptomatic is

A

tinea capitis

118
Q

active border around lesions and scaling with central clearing is

A

dermatophytoses

119
Q

ringed round lesions scaled with vesicles is

A

tinea corporis

120
Q

hypertrophic or thick, brittle, and lusterless nail is

A

tinea unguium

121
Q

intense burning, stinging, pruritus between toes and on soles, inflamed/dry/peeling skin, and fissures is

A

tinea pedis

122
Q

raised red pruritic vesicular patches w/well-defined borders is

A

tinea cruris

123
Q

shiny reddened skin over bony prominence, blisters, erosions, necrosis, ulceration, foul smell, purulent discharge, and pain is

A

decubitus ulcers

124
Q

intense pruritus, sensation of something crawling on skin, rash, itching worse at night is

A

scabies

125
Q

intense itching, sensation of something crawling on skin, itching, rash, wheals, presence of eggs is

A

pediculosis

126
Q

asymptomatic, pruritus, black/brown/yellow/other color lesions, rough wartlike texture to lesion, slightly elevated flat type of surface is

A

seborrheic keratosis

127
Q

asymptomatic, scaly hard growths, slightly raised and pinkish brown growths is

A

dermatofibroma

128
Q

smooth red dome-shaped papule w/central crust is

A

keratoacanthoma

129
Q

rough vascular skin w/yellowish brown adherent crust is

A

actinic keratosis

130
Q
  • pearly white/pink/red/transluscent shiny bump or nodule
  • sore that bleeds, heals, and recurs
  • reddish irritated area
  • smooth growth w/indented center and elevated rolled edge/border
  • scarlike area w/poorly defined edges
  • skin white yellow or waxy
A

nonmelanoma skin cancers (basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma)

131
Q
  • change in mole size/color/shape/elevation/surface texture
  • change in surrounding skin
  • change in sensation
  • change in consistency
A

malignant melanoma

132
Q

pale skin, white hair, pink/pale blue eyes, eye problems

A

albinism

133
Q

glassy core, less than 1/5 in, more painful than calluses on toes

A

corns

134
Q

up to 1 in, tenderness, pain

A

calluses

135
Q

small hard white/pink lump, cauliflower-like surface, “black splinters” inside wart, painless, pruritus

A

verrucae

136
Q

mild discomfort, ,pruritus, asymptomatic

A

folliculitis

137
Q

edematous/red/painful cuticle or nail fold, pus, blister of pus (whitlow), cuticle lifted, deformed/discolored nails

A

paronychia

138
Q

blister of pus is called

A

a whitlow

139
Q
  • swollen & red skin
  • severe pain radiation from red area
  • swelling
  • fever
  • change in skin color
  • blister
  • black spots on skin
  • ulcers
  • pus drainage
  • fatigue
  • dizziness
  • nausea
  • diarrhea
A

necrotizing faciitis

140
Q

redness, heat, swelling, pain and loss of function

A

acute inflammation

141
Q

fever, malaise, loss of appetite, elevated WBC & ESR

A

widespread inflammation

142
Q

fever, headache, body aches, weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, delirium is

A

widespread infection

143
Q

nasal congestion, sneezing, coughing, wheezing, itching, burning, swelling, diarrhea, anaphylaxis, serum sickness, arthralgia, status asthmaticus

A

hypersensitivities (allergies)

144
Q

eyes distend and look like an ox

A

congenital glaucoma

145
Q

fontanels bulge, cranial sutures separate, scalp veins distend, fast increase in head circumference, high-pitched infant cry, projectile vomiting, downward displacement of eyes, neurologic signs, abnormal muscle tone of legs

A

hydrocephalus

146
Q

neurologic sx, musculoskeletal malformation, immobile joints, paralysis of lower extremities, affected bowel/bladder control

A

myelomeningocele

147
Q

sac over defect permitting light and fragile skin over site

A

meningocele

148
Q

asymptomatic, dimpling/tuft of hair/hemangioma over unfused vertebrae

A

spina bifida occulta

149
Q

lack of control over voluntary movements, poor balance, wide gait

A

ataxic cerebral palsy

150
Q

involuntary muscle movement, reduced muscle tone, difficulty with speech

A

athetoid cerebral palsy

151
Q

hyperactive reflexes, rapid muscle contractions, scissor gait when walking

A

spastic cerebral palsy

152
Q

difficulty sucking/swallowing, floppy/stiff muscles, reduced voluntary movement, legs difficult to separate, crossed legs

A

cerebral palsy

153
Q

collapse of athlete during strenuous sporting event, cardiac arrest, cardiac arrhythmia, asymptomatic until collapse, chest pain, syncope, hypertension, palpitations, SOB, fatigue, SOB when lying down, reduced tolerance of activity

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

154
Q

harsh and holosystolic murmur, failure to gain weight, restlessness, irritability, sweating when feeding, increased heart rate and respiration

A

ventricular septal defect

155
Q

classic machinery murmur, thrill on palpitation, slow growth & development, signs of heart failure

A

patent ductus arteriosus

156
Q

increased left ventricular pressure & work load, decreased blood pressure distal to narrowing, signs of left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema, pale and cyanotic, weakness, dyspnea, tachycardia, systemic blood pressure elevated in arms but decreased in lower extremeties

A

coarctation of aorta

157
Q

fatigue, SOB, frequent respiratory tract infections, cyanosis, dyspnea, syncope, classic systolic cardiac murmur

A

atrial septal defect

158
Q

cyanotic at birth, sx of hypoxia (tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea, seizures), delayed physical growth & development, clubbing of fingers and toes, cardiac murmurs, squatting after exercise to relieve breathlessness, polycythemia

A

tetralogy of fallot

159
Q

cyanosis, tachypnea, signs of heart failure

A

transposition of the great arteries

160
Q

asymmetric folds of thigh, limited abduction of affected hip, shortened femur when knees and hips flexed at right angle

A

congenital hip dysplasia

161
Q

waddling gait, toe walking, fat replace atrophied muscle, lordosis, spinal deformity, difficulty climbing stairs and running, falls easily, difficulty getting up, crippled, immobility, susceptible to pulmonary infection, mental impairment

A

muscular dystrophy

162
Q

fatigue, diffuse aching/burning in muscles, stiffness, disturbed sleep patterns, poor concentration, irritability, depression, extreme tenderness, headaches, jaw pain, sensitivity to odors/bright light/loud noise, IBS/spastic colon, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, gas, abdomen distention, urinary urgency/frequency, wake up feeling tired, sleep lightly and wake up

A

fibromyalgia

163
Q

asymptomatic, low back pain, protruding abdomen and buttocks, arched lower back

A

lordosis

164
Q

asymptomatic, mild pain, fatigue, tenderness along spine, decreasing mobility of spine, rounded shoulders, head protrudes forward

A

kyphosis

165
Q

unequal bra strap lengths, back pain, fatigue, SOB on exertion, one shoulder higher than other, one scapula more prominent, one hip higher than other, enlarged mass on one side of back when bent over

A

scoliosis

166
Q

joint soreness/aching/stiffness, joint edema, dull pain, joint deformity, stiffness especially after immobility, crepitation heard with joint movement, decreased ROM, joint instability, joint pain with use, sx generally in morning

A

osteoarthritis

167
Q

red itchy rash with red circle center (bullseye/target lesion), headache, fever, fatigue, joint pain, general malaise, muscle weakness, paralysis, neurologic condition, encephalitis, gastritis, carditis, arthritis and influenza sx

A

lyme disease

168
Q

tenderness, pain when moving affect part, flexion and extension limitation, edema at inflammation site, point tenderness, adhesions around affected bursa, calcifications, limited movement of tendon

A

bursitis

169
Q

inflammation, swelling, localized heat, redness, pain, local tenderness, chills, fever, sweating, malaise, subperiosteal abscess, pressure and fracture of bone

A

osteomyelitis

170
Q

high levels of uric acid in blood and in synovial fluid, deposits of other urate compounds around joints of extremities, joint deformity, disability, peak pain afer several hours and subsides gradually, slight fever, chills, headache, nausea, renal dysfunction, hyperuricemia, renal calculi

A

gout

171
Q

asymptomatic, local bone pain, almost continuous aching worse at night, edema, deformity, hearing loss/deafness, frequent fractures, spinal cord injuries, hypercalcemia, renal calculi, bone sarcoma

A

paget disease aka osteitis deformans

172
Q

abnormally long exteimities and digits, subluxation of lens of eyes, heart and vascular anomalies, tall and slender, visual difficulties, asymmetry of skull, scoliosis, hyperextensible joints, mitral valve prolapse, thickening of heart valves, aortic aneurysm

A

marfan syndrome

173
Q

pain especially worse at night and with exercise, limp, curtailing physical activity, painful soft tissue swelling, systemic sx, asymptomatic, sunburst appearance, anion skin appearance, lobular pattern, pathological fx

A

bone tumor

174
Q

systemic sx and onion skin appearance on xray

A

ewing sarcoma

175
Q

lobular pattern on xray

A

chondrosarcoma

176
Q

sunburst appearance on xray

A

osteosarcoma

177
Q

painless lump, erythema of overlying skin, pain and tenderness, pain in and/or bleeding from organ, asymptomatic

A

muscle tumor

178
Q

asymptomatic, spontaneous fractures, loss of height

A

osteoporosis

179
Q

general fatigue, progressive stiffness, tender painful bones, backaches muscle twitches and cramps, difficulty standing up, bowing of legs, chest deformity, shortening of spine, overall reduction in height

A

osteomalacia aka ricketts

180
Q

inflammation, pain, great toe overrides or undercuts second toe, crowding of toes, hammer claw/mallet toes, enlargement of first metatarsal joint at base of big toe

A

hallux valgus aka bunion

181
Q

pain, loss of joint motion, metatarsal joint stiff and swollen

A

hallux rigidus

182
Q

pain, edema, tenderness, discoloration, inability to move affect part, deformity

A

bone fracture

183
Q

localized pain, weakness, numbness, edema, difficulty moving or bearing weight on affected area, damage to blood vessels and nerves, edema, ecchymosis, sharp transient pain, stiffness, tenderness, soreness

A

strains and sprains

184
Q

mishappen joint, extremely painful, rapidly edematous, ecchymotic, immovable, numbness, tingling, paralysis,

A

dislocations

185
Q

stiff and painful shoulder, pain localized in shoulder or spread out, sleep disruption, sx worsen after few months and remain constant before gradual improvement, permanently impaired shoulder despite pain dissipation

A

adhesive capsulitis aka frozen shoulder

186
Q

immediate severe pain inflammation and immobility of affected parts

A

severed tendon

187
Q

inflammation, edema, pain, tenderness along inner aspect of tibia, pain worsen with exercise and disappear with rest

A

shin splint

188
Q

dull intermittent pain on bottom of foot progressing to sharp persistent pain, pain worse getting out of bed and taking first steps after immobility, at midsole or near toes

A

plantar fascitis aka calcaneal spur

189
Q

single smooth lump just under skin on back of wrist/around ankle joint/behind knee/on fingers, appear in multiples/clusters/single, about zie of pea to inch, either soft or firm, painless or bothersome, pain with movement

A

ganglion

190
Q

acute pain when putting full weight on affected knee and leg, knee locks/gives way, crepitus heard on flexion or extension, full flexion difficult, pain increases with full extension

A

torn meniscus

191
Q

immediate snapping sound and acute pain, unable to abduct arm, ROM limited

A

rotator cuff tear

192
Q

white spots on tooth, mild toothache, hypersensitvity to sweets and temperature extremes, unpleasant taste in mouth, pain, gum inflamed, stabbing pain in jaw, abscess

A

dental caries

193
Q

slight yellow/brown/gray teeth, brown spots, patches, dark lines in or on them

A

discolored teeth

194
Q

red soft and shiny gums, gums bleed easily, painless

A

gingivitis

195
Q

tooth root exposed, plaque develop in exposed root, unpleasant taste in mouth, bad breath, teeth extremely sensitive to temp extremes, pain when chewing, abscesses, teeth fall out

A

periodontitis

196
Q

single small pale lumps in or on mouth, bleed easily, painless or painful

A

oral tumors

197
Q

protrusion or recession of jaws and teeth turned or twisted out of position from crowding, difficulty chewing

A

malocclusion

198
Q

hearing or clicking when chewing, severe pain or aching in or around ears and jaw joints, unilateral or bilateral pain and limitation, headache, dizziness, feeling of pressure, tinnitus, draining sensation in one or both ears, deafness, sinus pain, reduced ability to open jaw

A

temporomandibular joint diosrder

199
Q

tooth ache/throbbing, pain when biting and chewing, swollen glands in face/neck, fever, malaise

A

tooth abscess

200
Q

pale yellow spots with red borders in the mouth

A

mouth ulcers (canker sores)

201
Q

painful ulcers, red and swollen gums, tingling and numbness around mouth, vesicles, scabbing

A

herpes simplex (cold sores)

202
Q

sore slightly raised pale-yellow patches in mouth and sometimes throat, burning sensation in mouth, painful when rubbed or eating, light bleeding, smell of yeasty breath

A

thrush

203
Q

painful red swollen gums with ulcers that bleed, grayish gums, metallic taste in mouth, bad breath, fever, enlarged lymph nodes

A

necrotizing periodontal disease

204
Q

white plaque thickening and hardening on mucous membrane of mouth, asymptomatic, sensitive to hot or highly seasoned food

A

oral leukoplakia

205
Q

white patchy lesions, oral lesion refusing to heal, pain, dysphagia, odynophagia, weight loss, bleeding referred pain in ear or jaw, loose teeth

A

oral cancer

206
Q

belching, burning sensation in mouth and chest, coughing spell and wheezing, vomitus regurgitating back to mouth, dysphagia, erosive esophagitis with bleeding, eroded tooth enamel, dental caries, nonproductive cough, hoarseness, frequent clearing of throat

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

207
Q

asymptomatic until hemorrhage, post hemorrhage manifest as hematemesis, melena, sx of hypovolemic shock

A

esophageal varices

208
Q

heartburn, pain after eating or drinking, hematemesis, pain, dysphagia

A

esophagitis

209
Q

dysphagia, weight loss, retrosternal discomfort/burning sensation, iron deficiency, hoarseness, coughing, frequent pneumonia

A

esophageal cancer

210
Q

pain, heartburn, indigestion, epigastric pain that is gnawing/dull/aching/hunger like, pain/fullness after eating, weight loss, dehydration, subtle midepigastric pain, intense pain in upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, clutching stomach, frequent eating, occult or frank blood in vomit or stool, change in pain

A

gastric and duodenal peptic ulcers

211
Q

epigastric pain, indigestion, feeling of fullness, nausea, belching, fatty food intolerance, loss of appetite, blood in vomit or stool

A

gastritis

212
Q

asymptomatic, persistent abdominal pain, nausea, dysphagia, melena, anorexia, palpable mass

A

gastric cancer

213
Q

abdominal pain gen starting around navel then localizing in right lower quadrant, nausea, vomiting, fever, diarrhea, constipation

A

appendicitis

214
Q

heartburn worse after eating large meal or reclining, chest pain, dysphagia, asymptomatic

A

hiatal hernia

215
Q

severe pain, lump or bulge that can be pushed back in, sharp pain

A

abdominal hernia

216
Q

chronic diarrhea, crampy, intermittent abdominal pain gen in RLQ, weight loss, malaise, nausea, anorexia, fever, abdominal fullness, sx of acute abdomen, tender and distended abdomen, vomiting, blood in stool, sx of malnutrition, perianal fissures and fistulas, abdominal pain, bloating, intermittent sx

A

crohn disease (regional enteritis)

217
Q

intermittent bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramping, urgency to defecate, mucoid stools, frequent stools, cramping and rectal pressure, weight loss, fever, malaise, tenesmus, blood mucus and pus in stool

A

ulcerative colitis

218
Q

travelers diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal cramping, frequent loose stools, nausea, profuse vomiting, fever, weakness, increased intestinal mobility, dehydration, mucus pus and blood in stool

A

gastroenteritis

219
Q

severe pain, nausea, vomiting, bloated, painful abdomen, no stool or gas, electrolyte imbalance, elevated WBC, hyperactive or absent bowel sounds

A

intestinal obstruction

220
Q

asymptomatic, nonspecific abdominal distress (pain and flatulence), difficulty defecation, alternating constipation and diarrhea, blood in stool

A

diverticulosis

221
Q

abdominal pain/tenderness gen in LLQ, fever, palpable abdominal mass, change in stool, pain in RLQ or suprapubic area, blood in stool, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, sepsis, adhesions, abscesses, fistulas

A

diverticulitis

222
Q

abdominal pain, change in bowel habits, bloody stools, weakness, weight loss, sx related to iron deficiency anemia, abdominal distention, pallor, ascites, hepatomegaly, cachexia, lymphadenopathy

A

colorectal cancer

223
Q

mild to severe greenish foul-smelling watery diarrhea, fever, weakness, abdominal cramping and tenderness, nausea, vomiting, dehydration sx, irritation around anal area, fecal incontinence, blood and mucus in stools

A

pseudomembranous enterocolitis

224
Q

sx of malnutrition, weight loss, weakness, tired, dizzy, rashes, brittle hair and nails

A

short bowel syndrome

225
Q
A

HOSA-PATHO (12 decks)

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