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Therio final > Swine reproduction (Risco) > Flashcards

Swine reproduction (Risco) Flashcards

1
Q

Boar repro anatomy

Penis

Testes

accessory sex glands

A
  • Penis: fibroelastic, corkscrew shaped glans (like bull)
  • Testes: caudally oriented (upside down)
  • No ampullae, Bulbourethra gland, vesicular gland
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2
Q

The sow repro organs

Uterus

Corpora lutea

Cervix

A
  • Uterus: Bicornuate
  • Corpora lutea: Red
  • Cervix: long and twisted
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3
Q

Boar

Puberty

A
  • Reached around 9 months
  • Crossbred boars reach puberty before purebreds
  • Testosterone
    • causes penile growth (sigmoid flexure)
    • Mounting behavoir
  • Penile frenelum breaks down
  • Increased by more daylight (NOT SEASONAL POLYESTROUS….?)
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4
Q

Boar Semen collection method

A

Gloved hand

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5
Q

Boar semen

A
  • large volume: 150-300 ml/ejaculate
  • 30-60 billion sperm/ejaculate
  • Spermatogenisis
    • 35 days
    • 9-12 days for epididymal transport
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6
Q

Ideal boar semen

A
  • 65% motile
  • 100,000 sperm/ml
  • < 20% morphologic abnormalities
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7
Q

Boar pheromones

A
  • 5alpha-anrostenone
  • Bound to proteins in boar saliva
  • stimulates
    • estrus in sows
    • puberty in gilts
    • mounting behavoir in young boars
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8
Q

Gilt

Puberty

A
  • 6-7 months of age (165 days)
  • 240-300 lbs
  • ‘boar effect’
    • stimulates puberty via pheromones
    • continues fence line exposure
    • full physical contact 10 minutes a day (in prepubescent bulls)
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9
Q

Sow

Estrous cycle

A
  • Non-seasonal polyestrus
  • slight dec fertility during late summer
    • heat stress
  • Cycle length: 21 days (17-25)
  • Single follicular wave
  • follicular estradio causes standing heat (2-3 days)
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10
Q

Estrous cycle follicular wave

hormones and consequences

A
  1. Recruitment of follicles
  2. Selection of follicles to become dominant => pre ovulatory follicles
    1. In cows dom follicles in first wave can become atritic
    2. Estrogen has negative feedback on LH release
    3. New follicular wave
  3. When corpus luteus is lysed, progesterone is removed
  4. No progesterone means no negative feedback on LH
  5. Dominant follicle produces Estrogen
  6. Estrogen provides positive feed back in hypothalamus
  7. Hypothalamus releases GnRH
  8. GnRH surge and LH surge and ovulation happens
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11
Q

Flush feeding

A
  • Inc food ration of sows 2 weeks before estrus => more energy
    • promotes ovulatio of ALL the follicles
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12
Q

Ovulation

A
  • Follicle => Corpus Hemorrhagicum => Corpus Luteum
  • CL functional by day 5-6
  • Responds to PGF2alpha after day 12-13
    • lyses CL
  • Non pregnant sow uterus releases PGF2alpha
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13
Q

Exogenous PGF2alpha use in Sows

A
  • Not used to lyse CL
    • Sows get colicy
  • Used to induce parturition
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14
Q

Sow

Estrus (standing heat)

A
  • Standing heat: sow allows mounting
  • Back pressure test: sows stand when pressure on back
  • Avg 2-3 days
  • Secondary signs estrus
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15
Q

Secondary signs of estrus

A
  • Restlessness during feeding
  • Frequent small volume urination
  • Ear cocking
  • Red swollen vulva with mucoid d/c
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16
Q

Breeding Methods

A
  • Pen Mating (one and many)
  • Hand breeding (one and one)
  • Artificial insemination
17
Q

Boar selection for AI based on

A
  • fertility
  • weaning weight/age
  • pork quality
18
Q

Pregnancy

A
  • about 100% fertilized, 20-30% die first 30 days then 10% more till term
  • Uterine capacity: limits number of surviving embryos
  • Embryos enter uterus 2-4 days after conception, migrate for 2 weeks
  • Embryos secrete estradio between day 10-11
    • maternal recognition of pregnancy
  • Second E2 peak after day 14
  • Sow’s pregnancy is CL dependant throughout pregnancy
19
Q

Stages after fertilization

A
  • Oocyte
  • Zygote
  • Morula
  • Blastocyst
20
Q

Special blastocyst secretion

EXAM QUESTION

A
  • Secretes estrogen, that blocks release of prostaglandin from uterus
    • maintains CL and thus progesterone and pregnancy
21
Q

Required for pregnancy maintenance

A
  • 2 embryos per horn up to 30 days
  • 2 total fetuses after 30 days
22
Q

Pregnancy Parameters

Gestation length

litter size

Placentation

parturition

A
  • Gestation length: 114 days (3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days)
  • Litter size: variable, 11 piglets on average
  • Placentation: diffuse, epitheliochorial
  • Parturition: farrowing
23
Q

Pregnancy diagnosis

A
  • Failure to return to estrus at 17-25 days after breeding (back pressure test)
  • Rectal palp: >90% accuracy after 30 days (Fremetis of uterine artery)
  • Ultrasonography
24
Q

Pregnancy diagnosis

Ultrasound

A
  1. Doppler - Rectal/Transabdominal
    • after 30 days of gestation term
    • detects inc blood flow to uterine artery, fetal heart, or umbilical arteris
  2. Amplitude - Depth (A-mode) common
    • Detects fluid in uterus
    • 28-80 days after breeding
  3. Real - Time (B-mode) common
    • 16-20 days rectally
    • Typically > 21 days gestation transabdominally
25
Q

Parturition

A
  • late afternoon, night
  • 2-5 hours total, 15 minute intervals
  • Placentas delivered w/in 4 hours after delivery
26
Q

Common cause of dystocia in sows

A
  • Uterine atony
  • Palp Sow after parturition to make sure nothing is stuck
    • most commonly something gets stuck in cervix or vagina
27
Q

Induction of Parturition

A
  • Ensure attendance => inc survival of piglets, allows cross-fostering
  • Treat sows 1-2 days before due date (28 hours)
    • most farrow w/in 36 hours
  • If no response in 24 hours give oxytocin
28
Q

Weaning

A
  • weaned at 21-28 days (7kgs)
  • Summer weaning delays return to estrus
    • because of decreased feed intake
  • Ensure adequate nutrition during weaning to ensure subsequent larger litter size
29
Q

Reproductive Diseases

A
  1. PRRSV
  2. Brucellosis
  3. Parvo Virus
    • SMEDI
    • Adenovirus
  4. Lepto
  5. MMA (Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome)
  6. Pseudorabies (Aujesky’s Disease)(Herpes Virus)
  7. Swine Influenza (H1N1 & H3N2)
30
Q

PRRSV

Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus

General

A
  • Most imp dz to swine industry
  • respiratory signs
    • wean-finish
  • Reproductive losses in all stages
    • abortions
    • stillbirths
    • eed (early embryonic death)
31
Q

PRRSV

Etiology

Epidemiology

CS

A
  • Etiology
    • Lelystad virus
    • arterivirus
    • strain variations
    • pathogenicity
  • Epidemiology
    • aerosol
    • pig to pig
    • semen transmission
  • CS
    • Acute (Epizootic)
    • Chronic: respiratory dz in nursury (Endemic)
32
Q

Parvovirus

(SMEDI)

General

A
  • Common, ubiquitous, endemic
  • viremia, fetal vasculitis, death
  • < 30 days EED
  • 30-70 days: mummies
  • 70 + immunocompetent
  • Prolonged gestations, small litters, etc
  • primarily a Gilt disease

Therio final (10 decks)

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