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Therio final > Dystocia, Cesarean Section, post partum probs (Kelleman) > Flashcards

Dystocia, Cesarean Section, post partum probs (Kelleman) Flashcards

1
Q

Predicting parturition

A
  • 1-2 weeks before
    • small amount clear/tan vulvar d/c (for d/c should see vet)
    • anorexia and panting
    • +/- mammary development
    • ‘nesting’ behavoir
  • Body temp drop (from progesterone drop)
  • Serum progesterone (drops to below 2 ng/ml 12-48 hrs before)
  • Rads => progressive ossification
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2
Q

As progesterone falls, prolactin….

A
  • Goes up
    • promotes mammary gland development
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3
Q

predicting parturition with ultrasound

A
  • organ development
    • renal cortex and medulla just like in cats
  • GI layering
  • GI peristalsis (62-64 days post LH)
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4
Q

Three stages parturition

A
  1. preparation
  2. fetal expulsion
  3. placental passage
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5
Q

Assistance

A
  • break sac rub/dry
  • tie off/clamp umbilical cord
  • aspirate mucus from mouth
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6
Q

Passive transfer if not suckling

A
  • can use serum from mom given orally in first 12 hours
  • can give serum from mom SQ
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7
Q

Rules of Dystocia

A
  1. Prolonged gestation => single pup
  2. Stage 1 > 12 hours
  3. Stage 2 > 4 hours no pup
  4. Stage 2 labor with hard contractions > 30 minutes
  5. > 2 hours since pup was born
  6. Bitch systemically ill
  7. Frank vulvar hemorrage
  8. Green d/c before pups
  9. Obvious abnormal presentation
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8
Q

Uterine inertia

A
  • Primary: dam fails to expel normal pups through vagina
    • singleton
    • hypocalcemia
  • Secondary: obstructive dystocia
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9
Q

Birth canal, uterine problems

A
  • Inadequate size birth canal
    • breed with large head, small pelvis
    • vaginal srictures or septae
  • Uterine torsion or rupture
    • acute abdomen
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10
Q

Dystocia - fetal causes

A
  • fetal oversize
    • singleton litters
    • hydrocephalus / anasarca
  • abnorml presentation/posture
    • Transverse
    • Breech
    • Deviation head/neck/limbs
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11
Q

Oxytocin

A

Oxytocin

  • don’t give with obstruction
  • use lower doses than historically
  • re-dose 20-30 minutes until 3 doses

Calcium gluconate (SQ - later lump/abcess or IV - VERY SLOWLY)

  • can be given in addition
  • helps efficacy of oxytocin
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12
Q

Dystocia Hypoglycemia

A
  • Karo syrup PO
  • 5-10 % glucose IV in the hospital
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13
Q

Assisted vaginal Delivery

A
  • Must be in correct position/bosture
  • clean perineum
  • lubricant
  • Head or pelvis
    • not limbs
  • Bandage ‘snare’
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14
Q

Dystocia - Workup

A
  • Thorough but quick exam and history
  • Digital exam of vagina
  • bloodwork
  • abdominal ultrasound
    • harder to see dead babes
  • Fetal HR (2-2.5 X dam)
  • Rads
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15
Q

C-section

Anesthesia

A
  • Don’t use
    • ketamine
    • xylazine
    • Ace
  • Have everything ready before induction
    • preoxy
    • lidocaine (don’t overdose)
  • Routine laperotomy
    • milk puppies out (more than one incision ok)
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16
Q

Yellow puppies

A
  • meconium stained
  • stressed in-utero
17
Q

Placentas in c-section

A
  • remove if they come away easily
  • ok to leave behind
    • may cause metritis
  • do not miss a puppy in the vagina tho
18
Q

Post c-section

A
  • specific closure not huge deal
  • give oxytocin after closing
  • lavage abdomen and uterin incision with warm saline
  • routine closure
19
Q

Promoting lactation post c-section

A
  • small dose metoclopramide
  • ace
20
Q

Elective cesarean

A
  • Breeds with history of dystocia
  • Singleton litters
  • Extremely large litters
  • Bitches with a history of uterin inertia
21
Q

TIming of elective c-section

A
  • >/= 63 days from LH surge
  • No later than 65
  • Morning P4 monitoring
  • +/- fetal HR monitoring => cut when HR , 180 bpm
22
Q

Corticosteroids

A
  • used around day 40 => abortion
  • used later => fetal maturation
    • surfactant…blah
  • Oral or parenteral dexamethasone
  • Prednisolone sodium succinate
23
Q

Neonate Resuscitation elements

A
  • Airway - suction
  • Breathing - supplemental oxygen
  • Circulation - breathing stops before HR
  • Drugs - dextrose, doxapram, epinephrine
  • Warm and dry
24
Q

Neonatal Examination

Look for

A
  • cleft palate
  • limbs & toes
  • Functional anus
  • Umbilical hernia
  • Gender
25
Q

Normal Uterine Involution

A
  • Complete at 3 months post partum
  • Lochia
    • vulvar d/c common until 4-6 weeks even 12 in healthy bitch
    • Red brown or green
    • No oder
26
Q

Agalactia

A
  • lack of milk production
  • Nutrition: needs 2.5-4 X maintenance
  • Nervous: acepromazine
  • Oxytocin, domperidone, metoclopramide, acupuncture
27
Q

Post partum bitch issues

A
  • uterus
  • mammary glands
28
Q

Metritis

A
  • Can require aggressive care!
29
Q

Hypocalcemia / Puerperal Tetany / ‘eclampsia’

A
  • small breed multiple puppies
  • 1-4 weeks postpartum
    • CNS, nervous, trembling, weak, pupil dilation, Inc TPR, convulsions, death
  • TX
    • IV Ca gluconate SLOWLY
    • supplement or remove pups
30
Q

SIPS

A
  • Sub-involutio of placental sites
    • left over fetal membranes
  • Hemorrhagic vulvar d/c, prolonged
  • Benign, don’t worry about goes away by next heat usually
31
Q

Feline Dystocia

A
  • Rare
  • Devon rex, short and long headed/nosed breeds
32
Q

Feline post Partum Problems

A
  • Same as bitch
    • Metritis
    • Mastitis
    • Pstparturient hypocalcemia
    • Agalactia
    • SIPS

*Post partum uterine prolapse

33
Q
A

Therio final (10 decks)

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