Canine/Feline Pregnancy & Diagnosis (kelleman)

Question 1

Progesterone (P4) in canine

Answer 1

• high in diestrus irrespective of pregnancy status
• cant be used as a pregnancy diagnosis

Question 2

Cats/dogs

Placentation

Answer 2

• endotheliochorial, zonary, deciduate

Question 3

marginal hemotoma

Answer 3

• thought to provide iron for fetus
• green discharge before term => placental separation
  
  • green pigment = uteroverdin

Question 4

Palpation

abdomination

Answer 4

• Easiest at about 1 month after LH/ovulation

Question 5

Ultrasonography

Answer 5

• 3-4 weeks after LH/ovulation (about 1 month)
• Find bladder first then move to uterus
• Dont mistake for vesicle
  
  • gall bladder
  • do not count fetuses

Question 6

Ultrasonography

can id problems

Answer 6

• embryonic heart beat after 23-25 d post LH
• Anembryonic sacs (no embryo)
• Fetal death and mummification
• fluid, endometrial cysts
• pyometra

Question 7

Relaxin

Answer 7

• Produced by placenta (dogs and cats)
• Used for pregnancy diagnosis
  
  • positive as early as day 21-22 after breeding
  • If negative recheck in 7-10 days
  • may not be accurate with a single pup

Question 8

Radiography

Answer 8

• Use late in gestation
  
  • fetal skulls start calcifying at 43-45 d (45 d) post LH
  • teeth calify at 58-63 d (61 d)
• Safe in late gestation, not to earlier embryo

Question 9

Other pregnancy dxs

Answer 9

• Acute phase proteins (not used in US)
  
  • Fibrinogen elevated in
    
    • pregnant bitches
    • pyometra

Question 10

Parturition / Gestational Length

test question

Answer 10

• 65 +/- 1 day post LH peak
• 57 +/- 1 day post DIESTRUS cytology
• 57-72 days from 1 breeding
• body temp falls to about 99 day before parturition

Question 11

Pregnancy and safety of meds

Scale of risk: tox and teratogenicity

Answer 11

• A probably safe
• B safe if used cautiously
• C some risks
• D contraindicated
• X absolutely contraindicated

Question 12

Chem changes in pregnancy

Answer 12

• N, N anemia => inc plasma volume
• Inc total protein => fibrinogen
• Energy homeostasis => gestational diabetes mellitus and ketosis

Question 13

Pregnancy and general health

Answer 13

1. nutrition
2. no live vaccines during pregnancy
3. HWP/Parasitology => can be zoonotic think children and puppies!
   
   • Fleas can cause life-threatening anemia
   • roundworms and hookworks can be passed to pups
4. Hypoluteoidism (low progesterone, need supplements)
5. Plan for emergencies

Question 14

Nutrition

Answer 14

• Maintenance to puppy (all stages) at 2/3 way through
• Poor appetite of late gestation risks
  
  • hypoglycemia
  • ketosis

Question 15

Raw diets

Answer 15

• Organisms that will cause abortion
  
  • Campylobacter
  • Salmonella
  • E. Coli
  • Toxoplasma gondii
• Cooked diets not always safe
  
  • listeria can grow in the fridge
  • E. Coli has caused some cooked food recalls

Question 16

Hypoluteoidism

Answer 16

• P4 below 1-2 ng will cause parturition or preg loss
• supplement
  
  • regumate
  • injectable P4
  • Prometrium
  • Supplementation in early gest can => fetal masculization

Question 17

Canine Herpes Virus

Answer 17

• Mummies, abortions, stillborns, premature delivery
• Transmitted respiratory, oral, venereal
• dec exposure throughout gestation
• Patechial hemorrhaging on fetal kidneys
• vaccine in Europe, not in US

Question 18

Cat gestation length

Answer 18

• about 65 - 67 days

Question 19

Feline progesterone

Answer 19

• can’t use P4 to dx pregnancy
• low P4 means not-pregnant

Question 20

Other cat hormones and importance

Answer 20

• Relaxin
  
  • may promote prolactin release
    
    • luteotrophic
    • support CL’s of pregnancy
  • causes longer pregnant diestrus than non-pregnant

Question 21

Suggestive of Pregnancy in cats

Answer 21

• More docile
• Mammary gland changes (3 weeks)
• Nipples are pinker/more prominant
• 6-7 weeks
  
  • mammary gland changes obvious
  • large abdomen obvious

Question 22

Cat Palpation

Answer 22

• pregnancy palpable at > 2 weeks gestation

Question 23

Cat Ultrasonography

Answer 23

• 2.5 weeks post mating

Question 24

Relaxin in cat pregnancy dx

Answer 24

• Relaxin from placenta
• useful after 28 days gestation
• serum or urine
• Great alternative if no ultrasonography avail

Question 25

Radiology cats

Answer 25

* after 38-43 days gestation calcification of skull, other * 56-63 days calcification of fetal molars * crown rump length: estimate gestational age

Question 26

cat nutrition

Answer 26

* Need Taurine * switch to kitten chow 2/3 thru gestation * second trimester need 1.5-2 X maintenance

Question 27

Mammary Gland Hypertrophy

Answer 27

* Young queen * Most glands * **progesterone influence** * Differential: neoplasia (based on signalment) * Remove progesterone source * spay flank incisions * luteolysis