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Therio final > Canine/Feline Pregnancy & Diagnosis (kelleman) > Flashcards

Canine/Feline Pregnancy & Diagnosis (kelleman) Flashcards

1
Q

Progesterone (P4) in canine

A
  • high in diestrus irrespective of pregnancy status
  • cant be used as a pregnancy diagnosis
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2
Q

Cats/dogs

Placentation

A
  • endotheliochorial, zonary, deciduate
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3
Q

marginal hemotoma

A
  • thought to provide iron for fetus
  • green discharge before term => placental separation
    • green pigment = uteroverdin
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4
Q

Palpation

abdomination

A
  • Easiest at about 1 month after LH/ovulation
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5
Q

Ultrasonography

A
  • 3-4 weeks after LH/ovulation (about 1 month)
  • Find bladder first then move to uterus
  • Dont mistake for vesicle
    • gall bladder
    • do not count fetuses
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6
Q

Ultrasonography

can id problems

A
  • embryonic heart beat after 23-25 d post LH
  • Anembryonic sacs (no embryo)
  • Fetal death and mummification
  • fluid, endometrial cysts
  • pyometra
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7
Q

Relaxin

A
  • Produced by placenta (dogs and cats)
  • Used for pregnancy diagnosis
    • positive as early as day 21-22 after breeding
    • If negative recheck in 7-10 days
    • may not be accurate with a single pup
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8
Q

Radiography

A
  • Use late in gestation
    • fetal skulls start calcifying at 43-45 d (45 d) post LH
    • teeth calify at 58-63 d (61 d)
  • Safe in late gestation, not to earlier embryo
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9
Q

Other pregnancy dxs

A
  • Acute phase proteins (not used in US)
    • Fibrinogen elevated in
      • pregnant bitches
      • pyometra
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10
Q

Parturition / Gestational Length

test question

A
  • 65 +/- 1 day post LH peak
  • 57 +/- 1 day post DIESTRUS cytology
  • 57-72 days from 1 breeding
  • body temp falls to about 99 day before parturition
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11
Q

Pregnancy and safety of meds

Scale of risk: tox and teratogenicity

A
  • A probably safe
  • B safe if used cautiously
  • C some risks
  • D contraindicated
  • X absolutely contraindicated
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12
Q

Chem changes in pregnancy

A
  • N, N anemia => inc plasma volume
  • Inc total protein => fibrinogen
  • Energy homeostasis => gestational diabetes mellitus and ketosis
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13
Q

Pregnancy and general health

A
  1. nutrition
  2. no live vaccines during pregnancy
  3. HWP/Parasitology => can be zoonotic think children and puppies!
    • Fleas can cause life-threatening anemia
    • roundworms and hookworks can be passed to pups
  4. Hypoluteoidism (low progesterone, need supplements)
  5. Plan for emergencies
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14
Q

Nutrition

A
  • Maintenance to puppy (all stages) at 2/3 way through
  • Poor appetite of late gestation risks
    • hypoglycemia
    • ketosis
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15
Q

Raw diets

A
  • Organisms that will cause abortion
    • Campylobacter
    • Salmonella
    • E. Coli
    • Toxoplasma gondii
  • Cooked diets not always safe
    • listeria can grow in the fridge
    • E. Coli has caused some cooked food recalls
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16
Q

Hypoluteoidism

A
  • P4 below 1-2 ng will cause parturition or preg loss
  • supplement
    • regumate
    • injectable P4
    • Prometrium
    • Supplementation in early gest can => fetal masculization
17
Q

Canine Herpes Virus

A
  • Mummies, abortions, stillborns, premature delivery
  • Transmitted respiratory, oral, venereal
  • dec exposure throughout gestation
  • Patechial hemorrhaging on fetal kidneys
  • vaccine in Europe, not in US
18
Q

Cat gestation length

A
  • about 65 - 67 days
19
Q

Feline progesterone

A
  • can’t use P4 to dx pregnancy
  • low P4 means not-pregnant
20
Q

Other cat hormones and importance

A
  • Relaxin
    • may promote prolactin release
      • luteotrophic
      • support CL’s of pregnancy
    • causes longer pregnant diestrus than non-pregnant
21
Q

Suggestive of Pregnancy in cats

A
  • More docile
  • Mammary gland changes (3 weeks)
  • Nipples are pinker/more prominant
  • 6-7 weeks
    • mammary gland changes obvious
    • large abdomen obvious
22
Q

Cat Palpation

A
  • pregnancy palpable at > 2 weeks gestation
23
Q

Cat Ultrasonography

A
  • 2.5 weeks post mating
24
Q

Relaxin in cat pregnancy dx

A
  • Relaxin from placenta
  • useful after 28 days gestation
  • serum or urine
  • Great alternative if no ultrasonography avail
25
Q

Radiology cats

A
  • after 38-43 days gestation calcification of skull, other
  • 56-63 days calcification of fetal molars
  • crown rump length: estimate gestational age
26
Q

cat nutrition

A
  • Need Taurine
  • switch to kitten chow 2/3 thru gestation
  • second trimester need 1.5-2 X maintenance
27
Q

Mammary Gland Hypertrophy

A
  • Young queen
  • Most glands
  • progesterone influence
  • Differential: neoplasia (based on signalment)
  • Remove progesterone source
    • spay flank incisions
    • luteolysis

Therio final (10 decks)

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