Swine Reproduction Diseases Flashcards
How many estrus cycles should you wait until you breed a gilt?
2-3 to increase fertility
When does MRP occur and by what substance?
11-12 and by estrogenic compounds
How many embryos do you need for MRP?
4, 2 in each horn
When a sow is pregnant, what kind of progesterone is secreted?
Exocrine
What type of placentation do sows have?
Diffuse Epitheliochorial Microcotyledonary
How should the placentas be expelled?
After each piglet
When does mineralization occur for piglets? When does immunocompetence begin?
Mineralization 35-42d
Immunocompetence 70-75d
Based on a timeline of embryonic death when does resorption, mummification and stillbirths occur?
Resorption: 0-35d
Mummification: 35-114d
Stillbirth: 114 day and up
Is it normal to get one to two mummies per litter?
Yes
Comment on the following:
Fetal death < 14 day =
Fetal Death >35d =
Fetal death < 14 day = Regular return to estrus
Fetal Death >35d = irregular return to estrus
What is a still birth?
Full-term piglet born dead but grossly normal, lungs never inflated
What are some non-infectious causes of infertility?
Hydrosalpinx
Cystic ovarian disease
What is the most common cause of infertility in swine?
Hydrosalpinx (second to bursitis or peritonitis)
What’s the second most common cause of infertility?
Cystic Ovarian Disease
What are signs of Cystic Ovarian Disease?
-Multiple cysts, irregular cycle or anestrus
-wont respond to hormonal therapy
-caused by estrus induction agents
What are the main infectious causes of swine abortion?
PRRS, Leptospirosis and Secondary to other viruses
What virus causes the SMEDI Syndrome (what does that stand for?)? Females my nest and have mammary development but they fail to farrow due to fetal mummificaiton.
Porcine Parvovirus
Stillbirth, Mummification, Embryonic death and infertility
How is porcine parvo transmitted?
Oral and venereal
Viremia -> transplacental -> fetal vasculitis and death
How long do porcine parvo gilts typically carry?
Longer than 114d (naive gilt)
Sow no signs but smaller litter size and more mummies
How do you diagnose porcine parvovirus?
lesions
Vax hisotry
Signs - irregular return to estrus, more mummies
Serology - fluorescent antibody test
How do you prevent and treat porcine parvovirus?
Acclimate replacement gilt
regular vaccination
No treatment - supportive care for aborting sow or gilt
What disease is a herpes virus that can cause encephalitis, repro failure, reduction in litter size, recrudescence of virus from boar and sow under stress and can be transmitted in semen?
Pseudorabies (Aujeskys)
What body systems do herpes virus effect?
CNS, Repro and Resp
How is Pseudorabies spread and what are the signs?
Nose to nose, fecal oral, aerosol
Young- CNS
Weaned and older - Resp
Fever, anorexia, weight loss for all
Resorption, abortion and increased mummies and stillbirth
How do you diagnose Pseudorabies?
Pulmonary edema, meningoencephalitis, virus isolation and serology
How do you prevent and treat pseudorabies?
Eradication - depopulation, test and remove, segregate
Vaccinate - G1 gene deleted product
What has a H1N1 and H3N2 strand, respiratory signs, interspecies transmission, spread by oro-nasal secretion, is very seasonal and not a primary repro pathogen?
Swine Influenzas
How do you diagnose Swine Influenza? How do you treat it?
Cough
Fever
Serology
Treat - antibiotics, vaccinate an outbreak
What does PRRS stand for?
Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome
What kind of virus is PRRS and how is it transmitted?
Arterivirus
Semen, pig to pig, aerosols
What are the two forms of PRRS?
Reproductive Failure: premature farrowing, still birth/mummies, weak neonate, increased abortion
Respiratory: post wean - decreased ADG and increase mortality
How do you diagnose PRRS?
Ha, herd serology, virus isolation (aborted fetus, lungs, tonsils and lymph nodes)
How do you prevent and treat PRRS?
Symptomatic therapy, isolation, herd stabilization, MLV or killed vaccine, no cross foster
What’s another name for classical swine fever? What should you remember about it?
Hog Cholera
Reportable
How do pigs get hog cholera?
Raw garbage or through semen
What are signs of Hog Cholera?
Anorexia, cyanosis, fever, diarrhe, vomit, aboriton
How do pathogenic bacteria get into the repro tract?
Introduced breeding or parturition
Septicemia
What strands of leptospirosis cause abortion?
Zoonotic
L. pomona and L. Bratislava
How do they get lepto and what are the signs?
Penetrates MM
Carrier
Mummified and macerated fetus
Mild sign except abortion
How do you prevent and treat letpo?
Vaccination - e 6 month, parvo in pre-breeding vac
Antibiotics - tetracyling in feed - still carrier
What is a reportable disease, that causes abortion, still birth, infertility and piglet mortality, orchitis in boar, transmitted through the boar at coitus?
Brucella Suis
When are sows infected with B. Suis?
30-40d and abort 65-80d
Prevention and treatment of B. Suis?
Report - test and slaughter
Buy replacement from certified free herd
What organism do many pigs carry in their tonsils without clinical signs, gain access via feed and water, enter circulation via pharynx and infect blood vessels?
Eryipelothrix rhusiopathiae
What does the clinical disease look like in Erythrx?
Arthritis in little pig, fever and skin, abortion secondary to fever and septicemia
What is are 2 protozoa that can cause abortion?
Toxoplasma - individual abortion and still birth
Eperythrozoonosis - silent estrus and anestirs, abortion, weak and anemic piglets
-Mite or lice transimission
What nutritional factors can effect abortion?
Ca/P, iodine, Selenium, Iron, Protein, Energy
What effect does Zearalenone have on pigs?
Fusarium Roseum, implantation failure, female estrus, mammary development and vaginal discharge, enlarge vulva and rectal prolapse, less testicular development
What are some moldy feed tocins?
Fumonison
Alflatoxin
What level of carbon monoxide is toxic?
220ppm - late abortion - cherry red tissue from carbosyhemoglobin
