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FA Therio > Male Small Ruminant BSE and Repro Diseases > Flashcards

Male Small Ruminant BSE and Repro Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

When should you perform a BSE on a ram?

A

Before breeding
Before Selling
After breeding issues

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2
Q

What are the parts of the SR BSE?

A

General Physical Exam
Focused Repro Exam
Semen Analysis
(Libido not assessed)

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3
Q

What is a serving capacity test?

A

See how many ewes a ram can service
-Put in small pen with cycling females should do 4-6 breeding in 30min
-May leave in overnight
-Can retest 2 times

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4
Q

What should be included in your physical exam?

A

BCS
FAMACHA
No obvious illness
Eye - visual
Leg and Hoof Health - No lameness, trim

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5
Q

What should be focused on in reproductive exam?

A

Testicle, Epididymis, penis and prepuce, urethral process (Exteriorize penis)

Vas deferense, seminal vessicles, bulbourethral gland, signmoid flexure, urethral process

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6
Q

When palpating the scrotal contents what should you be looking for?

A

Tone (hard boiled egg), Symmetry, temp, localized caudal epididymis

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7
Q

When should you measure SC and what should it be in SR?

A

170d
Ram over 150lb >30cm
Yearling (12-18m) >33cm
Ram > 250lb >36cm

*Seasonally! SC greatest Aug- Oct - some breed more effected by season than others, natural degeneration

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8
Q

What should SC be in bucks?

A

No set standard but >25 in adult male best

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9
Q

How do you collect semen from SR?

A

Handheld probe
-Hold in 8 seconds and sing song

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10
Q

Once you have your semen sample what should you evaluate?

A

Color and consistency
Microscopic exam - mass motility vs individual progressive
WBC count
Morphology

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11
Q

What percent of progressive motility do you want?

A

30%

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12
Q

What should you be observing once stained for morphology?

A

Classify 100 sperm cell - normal or abnormal
Head, tail, midpiece defects
Assess sperm cell fertilize ability and prognosis

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13
Q

What are the requirements to pass the BSE?

A

SC: >34cm
Motility >30%
Morphology >70%

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14
Q

What are some noninfectious causes of male infertility?

A

Polled Intersex Condition (goats)
Cryptorchidism
Sperm Granulomas
Testicular Hydrocele
Testicular Varicocele
Hypoplasia
Degeneration and Atrophy
Scrotal Hernia
Penile Abnormalities
Hypospadias
Urolithiasis
Pizzle Rot or Ulcerative Posthitis/Blanoposthitis

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15
Q

What is the Polled intersex Condition (goat)?

A

Male pseudohermaphrodite
Polled dairy goats - alpine, toggenburg saanan
-Avoid polled buck
-genetic female, masculine appearance - decrease angiogenital distance

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16
Q

What are some conditions that usually coexist with the PIS?

A

Bilateral cryptorchisim
Hypospadiase
Short penis
Sperm granuloma
Hypoplasia
Teaser animal

17
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

Failure of one or both testicles to descend abdominal cavity to scrotum
-right common
- more in intersex
Diagnosis - palpation, ultrasound, Bloodwork
Treat - castration - no breed

18
Q

What is a sperm granuloma?

A

Buck > Ram
Bilateral
-PIS
-Partial or complete blockage of efferent duct draining to epididymis
-Diagnose - firm swelling head epididymis
Treat - cull or castrate

19
Q

What causes fluid accumulation around the testicle, causes inflammation, trauma, excessive peritoneal free fluid?

A

Testicular Hydrocele
Diagnose - palpation and ultrasound
Treat - castration or cull
BSE>40 may indicate issue

20
Q

What occurs more commonly in rams, localized dialation and throbosis of internal spermatic vein, fluctuant hard swelling in spermatic cord? May present with rear limb lameness.

A

Testicular Varicocele
-Idiopathic or trauma
-Diagnose - sign, palpaiton and ultrasound
Treat - castration

21
Q

When does hypoplasia occur?

A

Intersex or chromosomal abnormality

22
Q

When does degermation or atrophy occur?

A

naturally outside of breeding season
Zinc deficiency, hypothyroidism, starvation, disease, stress
-Palpation and ultrasound (Ca deposit)
Treat - correct underlying cause

23
Q

Is Scrotal Hermia more common in ram or goat? What does it look like?

A

Ram
- distension of one side of scrotum , freely moveable and fluctuant intestines
-Diagnose with palpation
Treat - castration

24
Q

What are some penile abnormalities that can occur?

A

Phimosis - cant extend
Paraphimosis - cant withdrawal
Hair ring
Trauma
Infection
Mass
Wart
Congenital
Diagnosis - palpation
Treat - underlying cause or cull

25
Q

What is it called when there is an opening in the urethral orfice of the ventral aspect of the penis? Associated with intersex?

A

Hypospadias
-Balder pouch

26
Q

What causes urolithiasis?

A

Struvite stone lodge in urethral process
-remove and can still breed
- may need cytotomy
-Urethral strictures can occur
- keep on ammonium chloride to dissolve struvite stones

27
Q

What bacteria causes ulcerative posthitis or pizzle rot?

A

Corynebacterium renale
- infection of penis and prepuce, reluctant to breed
-Due to high protein diet - urea increase
-Ammonia damage mucosal surface
-Treat by change diet, shave wool down there, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory

28
Q

What are some infectious causes of infertility in male SR?

A

Brucella Ovis
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Histophilus, actinobacillus, haemophilus

29
Q

What are some differentials for epididymitis?

A

Brucella Ovis
Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis
Opportunistic Bacteria
Histophilus, actinobacillus, haemophilis

30
Q

How is brucella ovis transmitted and what are signs of it?

A

Venereal transmisison, ewe vectors
-3wk incubation
-Epididymitis
-Diagnosis - PCR and culture semen

31
Q

How do bacterial infection of the epididymis cause Epididymitis?

A

Block sperm outflow - pressure necrosis on testicles
-Diagnosis - palpation , ultrasound, semen evaluation (neutrophils)

32
Q

Why do young males get epididymitis?

A

Ram > buck
Histophilus, actinobacillus, haemophilis
- oral or nasal transmission
- rule out B ovis - cytology and culture
Treat- antibiotics (oxytet or tulathromycin, cull)

33
Q

What can cause orchitis?

A

Trauma or infection
Diagnosis - palpation - painful, hot, swollen scrotum
-unilateral can harm sperm in other testicle

34
Q

What are some recommendations to give clients about managing rams?

A

Buy virgin rams - tested for brucellosis
Separate new rams - free brucella
Palpate epididymitis and cull before breeding
Cull B ovis

35
Q

What diagnostics should you run on new buck or rams?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculoisis (Cl)
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Johnes)
CAE/OPP
Q fever
Semen Culture

FA Therio (14 decks)

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