Camelid and Exotic Hoofstock Repro Flashcards
When are camelids mated?
What achieved 2/3 adult body weight, 12 months alpaca and 18 month llamas
What kind of ovulators are they?
Induced - need seminal plasma to induce LH surge (Gnrh) , peak LH 2-3hr after mating, Cl 2-5d then max P4 7-9 day post mate
How long is their cycle? when are they receptive to a male?
28 days and anytime they are not pregnant
What is the gestation length of camelids?
340d +/- 5
-Prolonged is common but dont induce unless medically justified
-98% left horn
Are abortions common in these guys?
No but could be anything - BVD, EHV1, EAV, Chlamydophila, lepto, campylobacter, toxoplasma, neospora canum, twins
How common is dystocia and what is usually the cause?
Uncommon (<5%)
-Interven if Stage 1 >6 hours or stage 2 >10min
-Maternal - failure cervical dialation and uterine torsio
-Fetal - fetomaternal disproportion, abnormalities and mispositioning
When does uterine torsion normally occur and what are signs?
8 month to term
-Colic in late gestation
Treat: roll, laparotomy or c-section
Which side do you normally enter for c-section?
Left paralumbar fossa
What kind of placenta do they have?
Diffuse epitheliochorial placentation
-like horse need to make sure all passes
-If retained normally all of it (>3hr)
Treat - oxytocin e 4-5hr, antibiotic and lavage
What should you do to process the neonate?
weigh, dip navel 3 time first 24 hours, check deformities (cleft palate), BOSE injection (0.5-1mg), make sure they got colostrum
What is the nursing rule?
Up in 1 hour, nursing in 2 hours of birth (should nuse every 1-2 hrs for first few days)
-Double weight in 1 month
Are they Cl dependent?
Yes
What does sustainability in the cervid industry rely on?
Semen cryopreservation, estrous synchronization, AI protocols
When do ceridae begin puberty?
9-18 months of age, varies by species
How many species of cervidae are there?
about 40
What kind of breeders are cervids?
Seasonally polyestrous - short day breeder
How does the antler cycle work?
Summer: Low T, testicular atrophy, antler growth, increase VFI, fat deposition - antlers growing
Autum/Winter: Increase T and LH output, antlers mineralize, shed velvet, rapid mobilization of fat
Spring: Decrease T and Shed antlers
When is the best time to collect and freeze sperm of cervids?
December (winter)
How do you collect semen from cervids?
Immobilization and electroejaculation
When is morphology the best?
December
What does the chromatin stability test tell you?
How much sperm id damaged (best in December)
What does the vesicular gland produce?
Seminal Plasma
What does the seminal plasma look like in march for cervids?
57% pink tinged
But improved post thaw motility
Why is semen quality best in December?
Morphology, DNA fragmentation, viability and acrosome integrity, highest testosterone
When is scrotal size biggest in cervids?
September
-Highest output, EEJ limitation
How do you collect sperm from the epididymis?
White tail deer - 2.5billion
56% motility
Need flush out vas deference
What do spheroids in the seminiferous tubules mean?
Immune period, not good sperm output
How long is Cervid Estrous Cycle?
18-24 days
What does a cervids behavioral estrus look like?
Increased activity, proprioceptive behavior, terminated by copulation >24 hours
How can you manipulate their estrus cycle?
CIDR and PGF2 12-14d
Pull CIDR and PMSG then 56-64 hours later timed AI
What are the recommended sperm doses for AI in Cervids?
2-4 million for lap AI
10-20million for transcervical AI
How do you perform laparoscopic AI in Cervids?
Immobilize
Dorsal recumbency
Locak 2% lidocaine line block
2 incision for trocer and cannula
Intrauterine deposit fresh chilled semen (both horns)
What is the gestation of cervidae/
200-284 days (mid summer)
What kind of placentation do they have?
Oligocotyledonary Synepitheliochorial
What is the goal of deer breeding?
Increase Male: Female ratio of offspring (sexed semen can ensure right gender- flow cytometry)
How do you breed with sexed semen?
Collect, extender, ship to ST genetics, sex-sorting, ship back overnight
LAI sat or Sunday
What is the ratio of male to female with sexed semen?
5.6 : 1
