Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FA Therio > Female Small Ruminant Female Infertility and Abortions > Flashcards

Female Small Ruminant Female Infertility and Abortions Flashcards

1
Q

When should you perform a BSE on a female SR?

A

Pet or valuable
Several failed attempts at breeding
Pre-bred or dystocia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is part of a normal BSE on female SR?

A

History - nutrition, vax, biosecurity, pasture assessment
Breeding Program Details - AI vs live cover, male selection
Estrous Cycle Patters - duration heat and interestrus intervals
Repro history- previous preg, dystocia and abortion
BCS
FAMACHA
Polled vs Horned Phenotype
External Genitalia - anogenital distance, clitoris size, vulvar conformation
Internal Genitalia: Vagina, cervicx, uterus, ovaries, lapai, Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How can you evaluate the internal genitalia?

A

Ultrasound - rectal probe with nasogastric tube
Speculum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some non-infectious causes of infertility and abortion in female SR?

A

Toxic Plants
Pharmaceuticals
Stress
Nutrition/BCS/Deficencies
Persistant Cl
Hydrometra/Mucometra
Cystic Ovary
Neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which toxic plant has teratogenic alkaloid and causes EED in first 10 days, Fetal abnormalities like cyclopia day 12-14 and hypoplasia of metacrapals D25-36?

A

Veratrum Californicum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What toxic plant causes abortions, small weak lambs and bent legs in newborns, with up to 75% ewes exposed and the toxin effects the fetal-placental unit?

A

Locoweed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What weed is an ecbolic toxin that causes aboriton and birth of small weak premature lambs GI upset, Hematuriaand death in arid regions of western US?

A

Broom Weed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some other teratogenic plants?

A

Lupinus, Conium, hemlock, tobacco, sorgum

May mistake for bunyvarius infections

Heart defect, cleft palate, GI atresia, neuro defect, neural tibe defect, congenital issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does ingestion of flixweed cause?

A

Goiters
Decreased hair
Higher birth weight
Thyroid hyperplasia in fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What toxic plant can you take a sample of fetal ocular fluid to ID the toxin?

A

Flixweed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What signs does ergot alkaloid cause? Where does this toxin come from?

A

Tall fescue with netyphodium coenopialum

Decreased repro efficiency, high temp, slough of tail, nose and ears - prolactin production affected, increase interval from intro ram to conception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which plants are estrogen producing?

A

Clover and Alfalfa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What signs do animals have who consume estrogen producing plants?

A

Infertility, irregular/prolonged heat, vaginal prolapse, cystic glandular hyperplasia of cervix, cystic glandular hyperplasia, enlarged teat, inappropriate lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which pharmaceuticals can cause abortion in SR?

A

Chlorpromazine, Phenylbutazone, Corticosteroid (late), Benzimidazole, albendazole, netobimin - given in first trimester - fetal abnormalities, levamisole in final months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who is more likely to be affected by stress in late pregnancy and what can happen?

A

Goats
-Predator, weather change, shear and heat stress

Decrease repro, fetal waste, EED, abortion, still birth, decreased water intake, exercise intolerance

Prevent - shear, shade, good BCS, trace mineral and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does poor BCS effect repro?

A

Suppress libido, EED, decreased fetl growth, decreased placenta, mummification

Over conditioned - hepatic lipidosis and preg tox in late gestation

17
Q

What vitamins are commonly SR ewes deficient in?

A

VA, VE, Selenium, Copper, Manganese and Iodine

18
Q

What causes swayback in newborn lambs?

A

Copper Deficiency

19
Q

How can you determine if the animal is pregnant or has a hydrometra/mucometra?

A

Ultrasound and find anechoic fluid in the uterus but no cardinal signs of pregnancy
(pseudopreg)
High p4 on bloodwork
Goat common - treat with prostaglandin (can do CIDR to help)
EED and loss - spontaneous abortion and resorption

20
Q

Who is most likely to get cystic ovarian disease?

A

Goats

21
Q

What is considered a cyctic ovary in SR?

A

Graafian follicle >12mm

Treat - hCG or GNRH

22
Q

What is your top differential for a nymphomania and precocious udder?

A

Granulosa Tumor
-Very rare
-See on ultrasound - enlarged ovary with no structures
-Treat with ovariectomy

23
Q

What are some differentials for Vaginitis?

A

Ecthyma (orf)
Caprine Herpesvirus 1
Granular Vulvovaginitis - mycoplasma, acholeplasma, truperella, staph

24
Q

What should be part of your abortion work up?

A

Clinical signs - return to estrus? unobserved aboriton? blood tinged vaginal discharge
HX, PE, Fetal/placenta exam, maternal serology

25
Q

Which is a zoontotic, gram negative intracellular bacteria that causes enzootic abortion due to necrotizing placentitis, is one of the most common causes of infeciton abortion in SR? Buck can get epididymitis, keratoconjunctivity, pneumonia, polyarthritis, late term abortion (+100d)

A

Chlamydophilia abortus

26
Q

What does Chlamydophilia abortus placenta look like and how do you treat it?

A

Placenta - thickened, white, gray, yellow, red cotyledons
-White on liver

Oxytetracycline, tylosin

Cull affected female, pre-bred vax, biosecurity

27
Q

What is the causative agent of Q fever?

A

Coxiella burnetti

28
Q

What kind of organism is coxiella burnetti? How does it cause abortion?

A

Zoonotic, obligate intracellular rickettsial organism

Placentitis in goat - white mineralization

Shed in placenta, uterine fluid, milk, urine, feces, semen

29
Q

How do you treat coxiella burnetti?

A

Cull

30
Q

What pathogen is zoontoic, gram negative microaerophilic rod that causes in utero fetal death and late term abortions?

A

Campylobacterisosis

31
Q

How is campylobacter transmitted? diagnosed and treated?

A

Fecal, aborted fetus, placenta
Diagnose: culture (Clark)
Treat: penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline
Prevet: vax and biosecurity

32
Q

What are some other bacteria that cause abortion?

A

Brucellosis, listeria, salmonella, lepto, mollicutes, yersinia, opportunistic bacteria

33
Q

What is a zoonotic agent in sheep and goats, cats are the definate host that spread this pathogen through feces, and causes:
<40d: Embryonic resportion
40-120d: Fetal mummification, maceration and abortion
>120d: premature, stillborn, weak lamb, necrotixing placentisi

A

Toxoplasmosis (toxoplasma gondii)

34
Q

What disease are very similar to toxoplasma gondi?

A

coxiella, brucella, chlamydophila

35
Q

How do you ID and treat toxoplasmosis?

A

PCR, IHC, Fresh placenta, Serology
Coccidiostat
Biosecurity - keep kiteens away

36
Q

What are some viral causes of abortion?

A

Bunyaviridae - cache valley virus, akabane virus, rift valey fever

-In utero death fetus

-Diagnose - serology, congenital abnormalities

Spread through mosquito and cullicoides

37
Q

What does Border disease (hairy shaker lamb) cause?

A

Abortion, congenital abnormalities, like BVD
Cull

38
Q

How is bluetongue virus spread?

A

Culicoides - fetal death in utero hepatic necrosis

FA Therio (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions