Bull BSE and Repro Diseases Flashcards
What are the components of the bull BSE?
PE, SC, Morphology, Motility, Libido
What is the goal pregnancy success total at then end of breeding season?
95%
How many cows should be bred in:
1st 21 days?
2nd?
3rd?
1: 65%
2: 23%
3: 7-8%
5% open
What can calving distribution tell you?
If it is a cow or bull problem (example: did great first 21 days then rate dropped and then increased again-indicated injury)
If cows are not getting pregnant what do you check first?
The bull!
What are the parts of a BSE?
Physical Exam/movement evauation
Scrotal Circumference
Morphology
Motility
What are some key things to look for in the PE?
BCS, Locomotion, Conformation, hooves, eyes
What should you look at in repro exam?
Scrotal contents (hard boiled egg good), penis (clear of warts, frenulum or damage), palpate (seminal vesicles, )
What are passing traits of BSE?
Motility: 30% Progressively Motile
Morphology: 70% Normal
Scrotal Circumference: >34cm older than 2 years (30 ok if younger 15 months)
What are the BSE requirements based on?
Likelihood the bull gets > 25 healthy cycling females pregnancy in 60-70 day season
Why might a bull be deferred?
<18 months, sperm don’t meet parameters, disease with good prognosis (Pink eye, hoof abscess, overgrown hoof)
How often should you check the bull?
Before every breeding season (60 days before so time for correction)
When do you recheck a bull?
Anywhere from 2 weeks to 2 months
What is considered unsatisfactory?
Failed more than one BSE with no improvement, SC less minimum age, disease with poor prognosis
What causes a prolapsed and lacerated prepuce?
What’s the disease progression?
How do you treat it?
Trauma, pendulous sheath, get trapped
May lead to prolapse, inflammation/edema, trauma and infection
Treatment: Antibiotic, reduce edema with hydrotherapy, bandage ointment, then return tissue to cavity with surgery
Chronic may create a stricture and cant breed
What is Phimosis?
inability to extend penis
What is stenosis of the preputial lumen?
Formation of a stricture due to injury that prevents the penis from being able to extend
May need to resect and anastomosis
Retro preputial Abscess
Sequella to preputial injury
Poor prognosis due to adhesions/phimosis
Treatment: Drain through preputial lumen (not skin)
When is it considered a Persistent Frenulum?
Penis fails to separate from prepuce by 12 months
Make sure yearing exteriorized
Treatment: ligate tissue (genetic though)
What are Penile Warts and how do we treat?
Papillomas
Let them go away, pluck if small stalk or surgery
Poor prognosis if on tip
What causes Spiral Deviation of penis?
Dorsal apical ligament slips lateral prior to intromission (may see false in BSE since electroejaculator so ask owner to watch them)
Treat surgically
ventral deviation of penis
Not normal
Expensive to correct
What is infectious pustular balanoposthitis caused by?
Bovine Herpes Virus type 1 (veneral)
Mycoplasma bovis (Verneal) - see vesiculitis and epididymitis, infertility female
Pain and reluctance to breed
What are some non-infectious causes of Infertility?
Nutritional (BCS, gossypol, mineral), toxicity, immaturity, genetics, heat or cold, illness
What does a low BCS do for bull?
Not enough energy and poor semen quality
What does a high BCS do for bull?
Feet and leg injury, testicular degeneration, scrotal insulation
What is gossypol toxicity?
cottonseed products
decrease libido, spermatogenesis, motility and morphologic defects
Inhibition steroid synthesis in Leydig cells - mitochondrial damage
Reversible
What do you see in an immature animals sperm?
High proximal droplets (testicular origin)
Defer is <18m
Select early maturing bulls
What is a dag defect?
Folded/coiled tail
>50% genetic defect
Zinc toxicity or dietary imbalance
Genetic sperm defects?
Knobbed acrosomes, stump tail or detached head
What do you do with scrotal frostbite?
Euthanize if really bad
When you find bacteria in a repro tract ask yourself…
Is this normal flora? is it enough to cause concern?
Differentials for Vesiculitis?
Brucella abortus, Tritichomonas foetus
More common in young bulls peripubertal or old 9 yr old bulls
Good prognosis young, grave for old
Campylobacteriosis
Campylobacter fetus venereal
Vibrio
Venereal transmission
Cow: infertility due to endometritis
Diagnose: Clark media - preputial scraping
Control: vaccination, AI, clean bull
Trichomoniasis
Tritrichomonas foetus (protozoa)
Asymptomatic bull, infertility in cows (endometritis)
Prevention: test or virgin bulls
Diagnosis: preputial scrape with diamond media (rest week before test) /culture and PCR
In epithelium crypt prepuce
Treatment cows: rest 20 weeks
Bulls life long carriers
Control: cull, vaccinate cows, AI or Bio security
