Bull BSE and Repro Diseases

Question 1

What are the components of the bull BSE?

Answer 1

PE, SC, Morphology, Motility, Libido

Question 2

What is the goal pregnancy success total at then end of breeding season?

Answer 2

95%

Question 3

How many cows should be bred in:
1st 21 days?
2nd?
3rd?

Answer 3

1: 65%
2: 23%
3: 7-8%
5% open

Question 4

What can calving distribution tell you?

Answer 4

If it is a cow or bull problem (example: did great first 21 days then rate dropped and then increased again-indicated injury)

Question 5

If cows are not getting pregnant what do you check first?

Answer 5

The bull!

Question 6

What are the parts of a BSE?

Answer 6

Physical Exam/movement evauation
Scrotal Circumference
Morphology
Motility

Question 7

What are some key things to look for in the PE?

Answer 7

BCS, Locomotion, Conformation, hooves, eyes

Question 8

What should you look at in repro exam?

Answer 8

Scrotal contents (hard boiled egg good), penis (clear of warts, frenulum or damage), palpate (seminal vesicles, )

Question 9

What are passing traits of BSE?

Answer 9

Motility: 30% Progressively Motile
Morphology: 70% Normal
Scrotal Circumference: >34cm older than 2 years (30 ok if younger 15 months)

Question 10

What are the BSE requirements based on?

Answer 10

Likelihood the bull gets > 25 healthy cycling females pregnancy in 60-70 day season

Question 11

Why might a bull be deferred?

Answer 11

<18 months, sperm don’t meet parameters, disease with good prognosis (Pink eye, hoof abscess, overgrown hoof)

Question 12

How often should you check the bull?

Answer 12

Before every breeding season (60 days before so time for correction)

Question 13

When do you recheck a bull?

Answer 13

Anywhere from 2 weeks to 2 months

Question 14

What is considered unsatisfactory?

Answer 14

Failed more than one BSE with no improvement, SC less minimum age, disease with poor prognosis

Question 15

What causes a prolapsed and lacerated prepuce?

What’s the disease progression?

How do you treat it?

Answer 15

Trauma, pendulous sheath, get trapped

May lead to prolapse, inflammation/edema, trauma and infection

Treatment: Antibiotic, reduce edema with hydrotherapy, bandage ointment, then return tissue to cavity with surgery

Chronic may create a stricture and cant breed

Question 16

What is Phimosis?

Answer 16

inability to extend penis

Question 17

What is stenosis of the preputial lumen?

Answer 17

Formation of a stricture due to injury that prevents the penis from being able to extend

May need to resect and anastomosis

Question 18

Retro preputial Abscess

Answer 18

Sequella to preputial injury

Poor prognosis due to adhesions/phimosis

Treatment: Drain through preputial lumen (not skin)

Question 19

When is it considered a Persistent Frenulum?

Answer 19

Penis fails to separate from prepuce by 12 months

Make sure yearing exteriorized

Treatment: ligate tissue (genetic though)

Question 20

What are Penile Warts and how do we treat?

Answer 20

Papillomas

Let them go away, pluck if small stalk or surgery

Poor prognosis if on tip

Question 21

What causes Spiral Deviation of penis?

Answer 21

Dorsal apical ligament slips lateral prior to intromission (may see false in BSE since electroejaculator so ask owner to watch them)

Treat surgically

Question 22

ventral deviation of penis

Answer 22

Not normal
Expensive to correct

Question 23

What is infectious pustular balanoposthitis caused by?

Answer 23

Bovine Herpes Virus type 1 (veneral)

Mycoplasma bovis (Verneal) - see vesiculitis and epididymitis, infertility female

Pain and reluctance to breed

Question 24

What are some non-infectious causes of Infertility?

Answer 24

Nutritional (BCS, gossypol, mineral), toxicity, immaturity, genetics, heat or cold, illness

Question 25

What does a low BCS do for bull?

Answer 25

Not enough energy and poor semen quality

Question 25

What does a high BCS do for bull?

Answer 25

Feet and leg injury, testicular degeneration, scrotal insulation

Question 26

What is gossypol toxicity?

Answer 26

cottonseed products
decrease libido, spermatogenesis, motility and morphologic defects

Inhibition steroid synthesis in Leydig cells - mitochondrial damage

Reversible

Question 27

What do you see in an immature animals sperm?

Answer 27

High proximal droplets (testicular origin)
Defer is <18m
Select early maturing bulls

Question 28

What is a dag defect?

Answer 28

Folded/coiled tail
>50% genetic defect
Zinc toxicity or dietary imbalance

Question 29

Genetic sperm defects?

Answer 29

Knobbed acrosomes, stump tail or detached head

Question 30

What do you do with scrotal frostbite?

Answer 30

Euthanize if really bad

Question 31

When you find bacteria in a repro tract ask yourself…

Answer 31

Is this normal flora? is it enough to cause concern?

Question 32

Differentials for Vesiculitis?

Answer 32

Brucella abortus, Tritichomonas foetus

More common in young bulls peripubertal or old 9 yr old bulls

Good prognosis young, grave for old

Question 33

Campylobacteriosis

Answer 33

Campylobacter fetus venereal

Vibrio

Venereal transmission

Cow: infertility due to endometritis

Diagnose: Clark media - preputial scraping

Control: vaccination, AI, clean bull

Question 33

Trichomoniasis

Answer 33

Tritrichomonas foetus (protozoa)

Asymptomatic bull, infertility in cows (endometritis)

Prevention: test or virgin bulls

Diagnosis: preputial scrape with diamond media (rest week before test) /culture and PCR

In epithelium crypt prepuce

Treatment cows: rest 20 weeks
Bulls life long carriers

Control: cull, vaccinate cows, AI or Bio security