Bovine Aboritons Flashcards
How would you work up an abortion case?
- History - failure to conceive or fetus lost? pre checked? Open? Herd or individual? New additions? Clean bull? BCS? Vaccines? When and what type of vax (ML?))
- Examination - PE, TPR, Attitude (Rectal/placenta/blood collection) - always submit fetus, placenta and blood if can
- Diagnostics - call lab to ensure right specimen and test (Abortion panel) - fetal kidney, lung, heart blood, placenta, maternal serum)
What are some common abortofacients in cattle and when do they occur in gestation?
1st half of gestation (<200d) - cl maintained
-excess prostaglandin, heat stress, illness, - see resorption of mumification
2nd half - maintained by placental P4
-fetal death with later expulsion - autolyzed
-listeria, truperella, nonsptate fungi, BoHV-1, Campylobacter, Aspergillosis
What are some vaccine and biosecurity protocols to prevent the spread?
Define:
Early Embryonic Death:
Fetal Death/Abortion
Still Birth
EED: <42 days
FD/A: mid gestation
SB: late gestation
How likely are you to get a specific diagnosis in an abortion case?
Only 50% of the time do you get answer (Usually can figure out the bacterial/infectious ones)
What disease are spread hematogenously?
Listeria, lepto, salmonella, brucella, fungus, BoHA and BVD
What disease cause ascending infection from Viginia through the cervix?
Tritrichomonas, campylobacter
Campylobacteriosis
Agent:
Time of Pregnancy Loss:
Physiology:
Distribution of abortions for C. fetus and jejuni
Campylobacter fetus venerealis
30-70 days gestation (EED - mid gestation)
endotoxin production = placentitis = fetal hypoxia (autolyzed, fresh dead, delivered alive)
Sporadic later term if C. fetuus or jejuni
Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma
Agent:
Time of Pregnancy Loss:
Physiology:
Transmission:
Treatment:
Mycoplasma bovis - No cell wall
Anytime during pregnancy (EED, Aboriton, still birth, weak calves, neonatal pneumonia) , retained fetal membranes, white brown chorioallantois
Venereal or respiratory transmission
Macrolide antibiotic
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
Agent:
Time of Pregnancy Loss:
Physiology:
Transmission:
Pestivirus
At breeding = EED or decreased conception rate
<40 days: Embryonic loss
40-125 days: PI (noncytopathic)
100-150 days: congenital malformation (organogensis, cerebella hypoplasia, hydranencephaly, micropthalmia)
>125 days: aboriton rare, clinically normal calf
Oronasal inoculation - tonsils and respiratory tract
Transplacental infection
Bluetongue Virus
Organism:
Transmission by:
Physiology:
Days Infected:
Orbivirus
Biting midge - culicoides variipennis
(not contagious)
Innoculation = lymph node replication = hematogenous spread = cell damage and throbosis
Anytime during pregnancy
<70d - fetal death/abortion
70-130 - stillbirth, weak calve, hydranencephaly, abortion
>150 d - premature calf with encephalitis
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
Organism:
Source:
Day infected:
Bovine Herpes Virus
Nasal exudate, cough droplets, preputial secretion, semen, fetal fluid
Non-immune pregnant female = viremia = rapid fetal infection = abortion (expulsion delayed up to 7 days) - autolysis
Late Term Abortions 4-8 months (Dam may not be clinical)
Can opportunistic pathogens cause abortion?
Yes, but rule out all other causes 1st
-Would need to culture it and have a very heavy growth of it
-Poor management would be involved
Neospora Canium
Who is the definitive host?
How is it transmitted
When does abortion occur?
Pathophysiology?
Control?
Dog - ingests then poop out into cattle feed and cows ingest it
Horizonal or vertical transmission (calf can become an adult carrier)
Early second trimester (5-6 months)
Invade and damage fetal placental villi (submit placenta)/ Maternal serum right after abortion
Keep dogs away, cull heifer from seropositive dam, hybrid preg, embryo transfer
Leptospirosis
Organism:
Which serovars worst for abortions and when?
Transmission?
Pathopysiology?
Treatment?
Leptospirat interrogans, hardjo, grippothphosa, icterohaemorrhagiae, borgpetersenii, pomona
Worst: Pomona (3rd trimester) and Hardjo (2-3 trimester)
Urine, placental fluids, milk, transplacental, venereal
Infected = 4-10 incubation = bacteremia = localize in kidney and genital tract = shedding in urine/repro fluid(weak infected calf)
Retained fetal membranes common
Antibiotic (oxytet)
