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FA Therio > Small Ruminant Reproduction Management > Flashcards

Small Ruminant Reproduction Management Flashcards

1
Q

What does it mean when they say sheep are seasonally polyestrus?

A

They are short day breeders
-Breeding period depends on photoperiod, food, breed, presence of make, breeding system and physiologic state

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2
Q

What is secreted by the pineal gland during darkness that influences the gonadotropin releasing hormone and HPG feedback loop?

A

Melatonin - increase gnrh and makes them cycle

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3
Q

What factors influence SR reaching puberty?

A

Age, nutrition, season, breed, exposure to make

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4
Q

When do the following go into puberty?
Rams/Buck:
Doe:
Ewe:

A

Ram: 4-6m
Doe: 6-8m (pygmy 3m)
Ewe: 6-9m

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5
Q

When should we breed SR?

A

Once they reach 60-70% adult body weight

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6
Q

Why are SR hard to AI breed?

A

6-7 cartilaginous rings

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7
Q

What is the average estrus cycle for sheep and goats?

A

Sheep 17d
Goat 21d
(short cycle beginning and end or postpartum)

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8
Q

How many follicular waves do SR have?

A

3-4 = hard to synchronize

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9
Q

How long after the Lh surge does ovulation occur?

A

20-26hrs

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10
Q

What are signs of estrus in SR?

A

Swollen vulva, mucous discharge turning cloudy, tail flagging, mounting/immobilization reflex

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11
Q

How long does estrus last for SR?

A

Sheep: 30-36hr
Goat: 24-48hr

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12
Q

Why do we manipulate the estrous cycle in SR?

A

Max milk, meat through year (cornell star)

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13
Q

How do we manipulate the cycle in SR?

A

Adapted nutrition
Photoperiod manipulation (artificial light, melatonin)
Hormonal treatment - most not approved
Male effect
Combo

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14
Q

What is adapted nutrition?

A

Flushing before breeding - increase energy increase ovulation and kidding rate
-best response if marginal BCS
-2 week pre-breed up to 2-3 week into breeding season

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15
Q

What BCS should males have entering breeding season?

A

3-4/5
-Will lose lots breeding
-Need energy and protein supplement 4-6 week prior to breeding
-Don’t over condition or effect semen quality

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16
Q

How do you manipulate the photoperiod?

A

Alter light or melatonin implants

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17
Q

What hormones can be used in sheep and goats?

A

None are labeled so all extra label use

Prostaglandin - Lyse Cl
-Single or double injection 11-12 days apart, estrus 24-72hr, must be cycling

Progestin: mimic luteal phase, estrus 24-96hr after withdrawal (CIDR)

eCG/PMSG: FSH like activity - stimulate ovulation

GnRH Agonist: Act on anterior pituitary to stimulate LH/FSH activity

18
Q

What are some synch protocols?

A

Day 1: PGF
Day 8: GnRH
Day 15: PGF
Day 18: TAI and GnRH

19
Q

How do you bring a ewe in to synch when its out of season?

A

-Progestin >14d + PG600 24-48hr before progestin removal
-AI lighting - mimic long day 60d then short 60d
-Melatonin

20
Q

What is the ratio of ram to eve and buck to doe for natural breeding?

A

Ram:Ewe: 1:30-50
Buck:Doe: 1:50

21
Q

What is a teaser male? Why do we use them?

A

Help to dected female in heat - use AI

Teasing Harness
Vasectomized
Epididectomized

22
Q

Where is the site of semen deposit in ewes?

A

Vagina

23
Q

What type of semen should you use in SR and with what technique?

A

Fresh - AI in sheep tortuous cervix
Frozen - only Lap AI sheep

Goat AI - in vagina fine

24
Q

Where do you go for transcervical AI?

A

Through external os

25
Q

For Lap AI where is the semen being deposited?

A

Left horn uterus if can - but split between both sides

26
Q

How do you embryo flush a ewe?

A

Surgically - scrub, exteriorize, make hole and use tomcat cath to flush up and collect in dish

27
Q

What is the average gestation for sheep and goats?

A

Sheep: 145-150 days
Goats: 147-155 days

28
Q

When does the embryo enter the uterus and when is MRP?

A

Enter uterus on day 4
MRP D12-13

29
Q

When does the embryo implant?

A

D16

30
Q

When does it become an aminotic vesicle?

A

D20

31
Q

How is pregnancy maintained in a sheep and goats?

A

Sheep: CL up to day 60-70 when placental progestins take over

Goat: CL dependent

32
Q

Why do we do pregnancy detection?

A

Tell if breeding successful, any infertility issues, health problems, need to cull, see how many

Help with nutritional management, know preg tox risk, dystocia considerations

33
Q

How and when do you preform Pregnancy diagnosis?

A

Transrectal ultrasound >20d
Transabdominal ultrasound >30d(fetal sex 55-70d
Radiograph >70d - very accurate for number of kids

34
Q

Where does the probe go for transabdominal ultrasound?

A

Left fold of flank

35
Q

What do you see on ultrasound based on day of pregnancy?
D21
D25-35
D30-40
D40-90
>50

A

D21: Placentomes - small echongenic area
D25-35: see embryo better- hyperechoic, amnion
D30-40: C shaped placentomes
D40-90: Placematone, umbilical cord, fetus
>D50: Fetus begin to resemble lamb/kid
>90 hard to count fetus - ballotment useful

36
Q

What kind of placenta do sheep have?

A

Cotylendonary synepitheliochorial

37
Q

What is the best way to fetal age?

A

Crown to rump length

38
Q

What should you ask the owner to do before ultrasounding?

A

fast 12hr food, 4hr water

39
Q

When should you ultrasound to say yes/no preg?

When to gestation age or # fetus?

A

40day after ram/bock removed or last possible date of breeding

50-55d, count 90d

40
Q

How much fetal growth occurs in last 6 weeks?

A

70%
-Good nutrition needed to prevent preg diseases - concentrate and best hay

FA Therio (14 decks)

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