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Therio Final Exam Practice Questions > Swine Reproduction > Flashcards

Swine Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Swine production uses a

____________

biosecurity program

A

shower in shower out

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2
Q

using breeds or lines to take max advantage of

their genetic types

A

breed complementation

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3
Q

In regards to breed complementation:

The ______ line is the breed giving you size

A

terminal

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4
Q

In regards to breed complementation:

The ________ line is the breed giving the

main genetic source

A

maternal

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5
Q

the tendency of a crossbred individual to

show qualities superior to those of both parents.

A

Heterosis or Hybrid Vigor

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6
Q

In regards to reproductive indices:

What is the target for piglets born alive per litter?

A

10 - 12 piglets born live/litter

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7
Q

Sows have ____ teats on each side

_____ are cranial to the umbilicus, and ________ are caudal.

Sows needs at least _______ functional teats

A

6 teats on each side

3 cranial to umbilicus, 3 caudal to umbilicus

Sows need at least 10 functional teats

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8
Q

What are the factors that can hasten

the onset of puberty in sows?

A

Mixing females

Length of day

Boar effect

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9
Q

What is the most common method used

for hastening onset of puberty?

Describe how it works.

A

Boar effect:

  • Take the oldest, smelliest boar and allow them to touch*
  • noses with the gilts and sows*
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10
Q

The Boar effect is used beginning

at _______ days of age; the time they are supposed to

go into heat

A

160 - 170 days old

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11
Q

Which 2 factors delay the onset of puberty?

A

Confinement housing

Season (photoperiod)

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12
Q

T/F:

Age, weight, and breed are all factors that

affect onset of puberty

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Crossbred animals reach puberty ________

than purebred animals

A

earlier

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14
Q

This breed of pig is the

latest to reach puberty, around 224 days

A

Duroc

(Landrace reaches at ~170 days)

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15
Q

_________ day length hastens the onset of puberty

A

Long day length (16 - 18h)

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16
Q

How would you classify the estrous cycle of pigs?

A

Polyestrous, NON-seasonal

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17
Q

How long is the estrous cycle in pigs?

A

~21 days

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18
Q

The estrous cycle of pigs

has NO series of follicular waves,

as is seen in this species

A

Cattle

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19
Q

Ovulation in pigs occurs two-thirds of the way

through estrus (36 hours), and ______ hours after the LH peak

A

24 hours

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20
Q

Ovulation rate is largest at the ____ parity

A

3rd

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21
Q

The largest litter size occurs from the _________

parities

A

4th - 6th

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22
Q

This test is used to identify pigs in estrous

A

Lordosis response (back pressure test)

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23
Q

Estrus detection should be done

___ times per day ideally

A

2

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24
Q

Wean all piglets at day ______ post-parturition.

All sows will come back into heat in ________ days

A

Wean at: 21 days

Heat in: 4 - 7 days

25
Q

This drug is used to induce estrus in non-cycling

(prepubertal) gilts >165 days old

A

PG600

(mix of PMSG + HCG)

26
Q

________ is a synthetic progestagen

used to for synchronization of estrus in sexually mature gilts that have had at least one estrous cycle (inhibits estrus from occurring)

Females show signs of estrus 4 - 7 days after withdrawal

A

Altrenogest

(Like Regumate in horses)

27
Q

Because pigs ovulate two-thirds of the way

through estrus, (36h), deposit semen

within _____h of ovulation

A

12 hours

28
Q

Pregnancy in pigs is dependent on the ____,

just like goats

A

CL

29
Q

In pigs, when does MRP (maternal recognition of pregnancy)

occur?

A

Day 11 - 12

30
Q

MRP (maternal recognition of pregnancy) in pigs

occurs on days 11 - 12 by estrogenic compounds.

Need a MINIMUM of ______ embryos

which release estrogen for MRP to occur

A

4

31
Q

Hernias, cryptorchidism, and rectal prolapse,

are all ______ defects in pigs

A

inherited

32
Q

In boars,

the tail of the epididymis is _____

to the head of the epididymis

(testicles are upside down!)

A

dorsal

33
Q

How many accesory glands does the

male pig have, and what are they?

A

3;

Bulbourethral gland

Prostate

Vesicular gland

34
Q

What is the preferred technique for semen

collection in the boar?

A

GLOVED HAND method

35
Q

How is the volume of semen

measured in the boar?

A

By weighting the ejaculate

1 mL = 1 gram

36
Q

The CASA system is used to measure the

_______ of sperm

A

motility

37
Q

What is the gold standard for measuring

sperm concentration?

A

Hemacytometer

38
Q

For a boar to be selected for AI,

we want a progressive motility of sperm

greater than ______%

A

> 70%

39
Q

Up to _______ mL is normal for

normal ejaculate volume in a boar

A

500mL

40
Q

2nd mating or AI’s are necessary in animals with

a ________test 24h after mating

A

positive back pressure

41
Q

What is the gestation length in pigs?

A

114 days

(+/- 2 days)

42
Q

What type of placenta do pigs have?

A

Epitheliochorial Diffuse placentation

43
Q

In regards to the embryonic period in pigs:

The embryo enters the uterus at _____h

A

48-60h

44
Q

In regards to the embryonic period in pigs:

Attachment occurs between days _________

A

14 - 18

45
Q

In regards to the embryonic period in pigs:

Implantation is completed by day ____

A

40

46
Q

In regards to serum hormone concentrations and pregnancy dx:

Pig is pregnant if PGF2a concentration

is less than ______ pg/mL

between days 13 and 15 after mating

A

< 200

47
Q

In regards to serum hormone concentrations and pregnancy dx:

A progesterone level of greater than ____ng/mL

between 17 and 24 days

indicated pregnancy in pigs

A

> 5 ng/mL

48
Q

In regards to serum hormone concentrations and pregnancy dx:

An _______ level of greater than 0.5 ng/mL

at days 25 - 30 of gestation indicates pregnancy

A

Estrone Sulphate

49
Q

______levels peak 24 to 48 hrs after fertilization and are

detected by the Rosette Inhibition test.

A

Early Pregnancy Factor B

50
Q

_________ is used to estimate age of the fetus

via ultrasound

A

Fetus crown-rump length

(~2 - 3 cm = 30d)

(12 - 14 cm = 60d)

(20 - 23 cm = 90d)

51
Q

In normal parturition,

piglets can be delivered in one of two of these

presentations

A

Cranial OR Caudal presentation (both normal)

52
Q

Which 2 drugs can be used in pigs to

induce parturition?

A

Lutalyse or Estrumate (prostaglandins)

Corticosteroids NOT recommended in pigs!

53
Q

What is the most common reason for

porcine dystocia?

A

uterine inertia

(give Oxytocin to help)

54
Q

How is dystocia treated medically in pigs?

A

Oxytocin + Calcium

(because usually due to uterine inertia)

55
Q

What is the most common approach to

C-section in pigs?

A

Vertical incision in the left flank,

will likely need to incise both horns!

56
Q

What is the prognosis for UTERINE prolapse

in pigs?

A

GRAVE! (most wil be euthanized)

57
Q

If fetal death occurs

before _____, pigs will have a regular return to estrus.

If occurs

after _______, pigs will have an irregular return to estrus

A

Before 14d = regular return

After 35d = irregular return

58
Q

______ piglets are characterizes as:

Full-term piglets born dead, but grossly normal

Lungs never inflated

May die shortly before, during or immediately after birth

A

Stillborn

Therio Final Exam Practice Questions (11 decks)

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