Swine Reproduction

Question 1

Swine production uses a

____________

biosecurity program

Answer 1

shower in shower out

Question 2

using breeds or lines to take max advantage of

their genetic types

Answer 2

breed complementation

Question 3

In regards to breed complementation:

The ______ line is the breed giving you size

Answer 3

terminal

Question 4

In regards to breed complementation:

The ________ line is the breed giving the

main genetic source

Answer 4

maternal

Question 5

the tendency of a crossbred individual to

show qualities superior to those of both parents.

Answer 5

Heterosis or Hybrid Vigor

Question 6

In regards to reproductive indices:

What is the target for piglets born alive per litter?

Answer 6

10 - 12 piglets born live/litter

Question 7

Sows have ____ teats on each side

_____ are cranial to the umbilicus, and ________ are caudal.

Sows needs at least _______ functional teats

Answer 7

6 teats on each side

3 cranial to umbilicus, 3 caudal to umbilicus

Sows need at least 10 functional teats

Question 8

What are the factors that can hasten

the onset of puberty in sows?

Answer 8

Mixing females

Length of day

Boar effect

Question 9

What is the most common method used

for hastening onset of puberty?

Describe how it works.

Answer 9

Boar effect:

• Take the oldest, smelliest boar and allow them to touch*
• noses with the gilts and sows*

Question 10

The Boar effect is used beginning

at _______ days of age; the time they are supposed to

go into heat

Answer 10

160 - 170 days old

Question 11

Which 2 factors delay the onset of puberty?

Answer 11

Confinement housing

Season (photoperiod)

Question 12

T/F:

Age, weight, and breed are all factors that

affect onset of puberty

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

Crossbred animals reach puberty ________

than purebred animals

Answer 13

earlier

Question 14

This breed of pig is the

latest to reach puberty, around 224 days

Answer 14

Duroc

(Landrace reaches at ~170 days)

Question 15

_________ day length hastens the onset of puberty

Answer 15

Long day length (16 - 18h)

Question 16

How would you classify the estrous cycle of pigs?

Answer 16

Polyestrous, NON-seasonal

Question 17

How long is the estrous cycle in pigs?

Answer 17

~21 days

Question 18

The estrous cycle of pigs

has NO series of follicular waves,

as is seen in this species

Answer 18

Cattle

Question 19

Ovulation in pigs occurs two-thirds of the way

through estrus (36 hours), and ______ hours after the LH peak

Answer 19

24 hours

Question 20

Ovulation rate is largest at the ____ parity

Answer 20

3rd

Question 21

The largest litter size occurs from the _________

parities

Answer 21

4th - 6th

Question 22

This test is used to identify pigs in estrous

Answer 22

Lordosis response (back pressure test)

Question 23

Estrus detection should be done

___ times per day ideally

Answer 23

2

Question 24

Wean all piglets at day ______ post-parturition.

All sows will come back into heat in ________ days

Answer 24

Wean at: 21 days

Heat in: 4 - 7 days

Question 25

This drug is used to induce estrus in non-cycling (prepubertal) gilts \>165 days old

Answer 25

PG600 | (mix of PMSG + HCG)

Question 26

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a synthetic progestagen used to for synchronization of estrus in sexually mature gilts that have had at least one estrous cycle (inhibits estrus from occurring) Females show signs of estrus 4 - 7 days after withdrawal

Answer 26

**Altrenogest** (Like Regumate in horses)

Question 27

Because pigs ovulate two-thirds of the way through estrus, (36h), deposit semen within \_\_\_\_\_h of ovulation

Answer 27

12 hours

Question 28

Pregnancy in pigs is dependent on the \_\_\_\_, just like goats

Answer 28

CL

Question 29

In pigs, when does MRP (maternal recognition of pregnancy) occur?

Answer 29

Day 11 - 12

Question 30

MRP (maternal recognition of pregnancy) in pigs occurs on days 11 - 12 by **estrogenic compounds.** Need a MINIMUM of ______ embryos which release estrogen for MRP to occur

Answer 30

4

Question 31

Hernias, cryptorchidism, and rectal prolapse, are all ______ defects in pigs

Answer 31

inherited

Question 32

In boars, the tail of the epididymis is \_\_\_\_\_ to the head of the epididymis (testicles are upside down!)

Answer 32

dorsal

Question 33

How many accesory glands does the male pig have, and what are they?

Answer 33

3; Bulbourethral gland Prostate Vesicular gland

Question 34

What is the preferred technique for semen collection in the boar?

Answer 34

GLOVED HAND method

Question 35

How is the volume of semen measured in the boar?

Answer 35

By weighting the ejaculate **1 mL = 1 gram**

Question 36

The CASA system is used to measure the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of sperm

Answer 36

motility

Question 37

What is the gold standard for measuring sperm concentration?

Answer 37

Hemacytometer

Question 38

For a boar to be selected for AI, we want a progressive motility of sperm greater than \_\_\_\_\_\_%

Answer 38

\> 70%

Question 39

Up to _______ mL is normal for normal ejaculate volume in a boar

Answer 39

500mL

Question 40

2nd mating or AI’s are necessary in animals with a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_test 24h after mating

Answer 40

positive back pressure

Question 41

What is the gestation length in pigs?

Answer 41

114 days (+/- 2 days)

Question 42

What type of placenta do pigs have?

Answer 42

Epitheliochorial Diffuse placentation

Question 43

In regards to the embryonic period in pigs: The embryo enters the uterus at \_\_\_\_\_h

Answer 43

48-60h

Question 44

In regards to the embryonic period in pigs: Attachment occurs between days \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 44

14 - 18

Question 45

In regards to the embryonic period in pigs: Implantation is completed by day \_\_\_\_

Answer 45

40

Question 46

In regards to serum hormone concentrations and pregnancy dx: Pig is pregnant if PGF2a concentration is less than ______ pg/mL between days 13 and 15 after mating

Answer 46

\< 200

Question 47

In regards to serum hormone concentrations and pregnancy dx: A **progesterone** level of greater than \_\_\_\_ng/mL between 17 and 24 days indicated pregnancy in pigs

Answer 47

\> 5 ng/mL

Question 48

In regards to serum hormone concentrations and pregnancy dx: An _______ level of greater than **0.5** ng/mL at days 25 - 30 of gestation indicates pregnancy

Answer 48

Estrone Sulphate

Question 49

\_\_\_\_\_\_levels peak 24 to 48 hrs after fertilization and are detected by the Rosette Inhibition test.

Answer 49

Early Pregnancy Factor B

Question 50

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is used to estimate age of the fetus via ultrasound

Answer 50

**Fetus crown-rump length** (~2 - 3 cm = 30d) (12 - 14 cm = 60d) (20 - 23 cm = 90d)

Question 51

In normal parturition, piglets can be delivered in one of two of these presentations

Answer 51

Cranial OR Caudal presentation (both normal)

Question 52

Which 2 drugs can be used in pigs to induce parturition?

Answer 52

Lutalyse or Estrumate (prostaglandins) *Corticosteroids NOT recommended in pigs!*

Question 53

What is the most common reason for porcine dystocia?

Answer 53

uterine inertia (give Oxytocin to help)

Question 54

How is dystocia treated medically in pigs?

Answer 54

Oxytocin + Calcium (because usually due to uterine inertia)

Question 55

What is the most common approach to C-section in pigs?

Answer 55

Vertical incision in the left flank, will likely need to incise both horns!

Question 56

What is the prognosis for UTERINE prolapse in pigs?

Answer 56

GRAVE! (most wil be euthanized)

Question 57

If fetal death occurs before \_\_\_\_\_, pigs will have a **regular** return to estrus. If occurs after \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, pigs will have an **irregular** return to estrus

Answer 57

Before 14d = regular return After 35d = irregular return

Question 58

\_\_\_\_\_\_ piglets are characterizes as: Full-term piglets born dead, but grossly normal Lungs never inflated May die shortly before, during or immediately after birth

Answer 58

Stillborn