Mare Breeding Soundness Exam (BSE) Flashcards
The effect of poor conformation of the perineum might be alleviated by a _______ procedure.
The procedure seals the upper part of the vulva in order to reduce entry of foreign debris and, thus, bacterial invasion.
The perineal area is locally anesthetized and the lips on either side of the upper vulva are trimmed.
The resulting two raw edges are then sutured together and, with time, naturally heal together as an open wound would.
The sutures can then be removed, resulting in a sealed upper part of the vulva.
Caslick’s vulvoplasty procedure
The examiner parts the vulvar lips and listens as he/she does
so to see if there is an inrush of air.
This is known as the _______ test.
“the windsuck test”
A positive finding indicates the seal of the vestibular-vaginal ring within also is compromised,
making the mare more prone to pneumovagina.
Chronic pneumovagina sets the mare up for inflammation and ascending infections of the cervix and uterus, and it is a common cause of infertility
that is readily treatable with a Caslick’s,
provided no permanent damage has been done to the endometrium (lining of the uterus).
The vulva in a mare should be
___ above and ___ below pelvic bone
1/3 above and 2/3 below pelvic bone
T/F:
Vaginascope is the best tool to determine the tone of the cervix
and cervical patency?
FALSEEEE
The best way to confirm the patency of the cervix is by
DIGITAL EXAMINATION DURING ________
DIESTRUS
When do you perform a uterine culture and cytology?
DURING ESTRUS
What is this tool used for?
Uterine cytology brush
Which picture depicts normal uterine cytology
and which is abnormal?
Left = normal cytology
Right = abnormal- inflammatory cells
This type of cell is often seen on uterine cytology
of mares holding air
Eosinophils
The most common bacteria causing endometritis in mares is ____________
STREPTOCOCCUS ZOOEPIDEMICUS
Will see a lot of PMNs on cytology
What are the normal types of bacT found in the uterus?
NONE! should be a sterile environment
What are the top two causes of
bacterial endometriosis in the mare?
Strep. Zooepidemicus, then E.coli
Fertility reduction can be caused by:
Bacterial growth (+ cytology) and/or
_______ (only)
Inflammation of the uterus and bacT growth are not necessarily dependent upon one another. Can have inflammation with no bacterial growth.
T/F:
If you have negative cytology/culture
then you will have the 60% normal per cycle pregnancy rate.
But if you have EITHER positive cultures or positive cytologies (inflammation),
your fertility will be reduced.
TRUE
In regards to uterine biopsy grades, what is the
expected foaling rate for a GRADE 1?
80 - 90%
In regards to uterine biopsy grades, what is the
expected foaling rate for a GRADE 2A?
50 - 80%
see cellularity but no fibrosis
In regards to uterine biopsy grades, what is the
expected foaling rate for a GRADE 2B?
10 - 50%
More fibrosis, isolation of glands
In regards to uterine biopsy grades, what is the
expected foaling rate for a GRADE 3?
<10%
If the mare isn’t dissipating edema in uterus when approaching ________ – she is telling you there is a problem!!
ovulation
This hormone is produced by the CL
and is used to test for Diestrus/cyclicity
Progesterone
This hormone is produced by the fetus/placenta
and is used to test for pregnancy > 100 days
Progestins
Looks at integrity of fetal placental unit in horses preg over >100d
This hormone is produced by the fetal gonads
and is used to test for pregnancy viability from 60 - 250 days
Estrone Sulfate
only produced when there is a viable fetus
These 3 hormones are produced by the ovary and
are tested on a Granulosa Thecal Cell Tumor (GTCT) panel
Inhibin
Testosterone
Progesterone
This hormone is produced by the endometrial cups
and is used to test for pregnancy from 45 - 120 days
or retained endometrial cups
ECG
