Stallion Breeding Soundness Exam (BSE)

Question 1

Which 2 infectious disease should be screened during

BSE?

Answer 1

EVA

Contagious Equine Metritis

Question 2

When do you collect semen for a BSE?

Answer 2

COLLECT TWO EJACULATES, ONE HOUR APART

Why 2?: Calculate number of progressively motile, morphologically normal sperm in second ejaculate

Question 3

What are these?

Answer 3

Artificial vaginas

Question 4

For semen collection, what 3 items do you need?

Answer 4

Artificial vagina

Temperature/pressure/lubrication at 44-48*C

Condom

Question 5

What drugs can be used for chemical ejaculation

for semen collection during BSE?

Answer 5

IMIPRAMINE (IV or oral)

XYLAZINE

Question 6

What is the basic minimum semen threshhold

that qualifies a stallion for breeding?

Answer 6

1*10^9 PROGRESSIVELY MOTILE, MORPHOLOGICALLY NORMAL spermatozoa in second of two ejaculates

1 hour apart after 1 week of sexual rest

Question 7

What components can affect

daily sperm output?

Answer 7

Affected by season, testicular size, age, sexual behavior

Question 8

Semen collection for BSE:

Second ejaculate averages about _____% of first

Answer 8

55%

Question 9

What is the typical scrotal width for breeding stallions?

Answer 9

TYPICAL SCROTAL WIDTH:

102 +/- 9.9 mm

(10.2cm = ~ 4inches is normal;

once they get to 9 or 8cm that is alarming)

Question 10

You have a fancy mare and a fancy stallion -

Stallion is ejaculating 3x/d and 3x/wk.

You get a choice of the time… Do you want morning, mid day, or noon?

Answer 10

IT DEPENDS!

Ask how big are the testis (huge!)

So now you want the evening because he has enough reserves and the quality will be better.

If owner says small, you want it in the morning because it will be more quantity

Question 11

In regards to sperm for AI use,

how many progressively motile sperm are needed for:

FRESH semen?

Answer 11

500 million

Question 12

In regards to sperm for AI use,

how many progressively motile sperm are needed for:

COOLED semen

Answer 12

1 billion

Question 13

In regards to sperm for AI use,

how many progressively motile sperm are needed for:

FROZEN semen

Answer 13

800 million to 1 billion

= minimum of 240 million at thawing

Question 14

In regards to equine sperm fractions:

How many sperm fractions do horses have?

Answer 14

4:

Presperm

Sperm Rich

Sperm Poor

Gel Fraction

Question 15

In regards to equine sperm fractions:

What part of the male anatomy is responsible for

producing the presperm fraction

Answer 15

Bulbourethral glands, urethra

Question 16

In regards to equine sperm fractions:

What part of the male anatomy is responsible for

producing the sperm rich fraction?

Answer 16

Epididymis and Ampullae (testes)

Question 17

In regards to equine sperm fractions:

What part of the male anatomy is responsible for

producing the sperm poor fraction?

Answer 17

Prostate and Vesicular Gland

Question 18

In regards to equine sperm fractions:

What part of the male anatomy is responsible for

producing the Gel fraction?

Answer 18

Vesicular glands

Question 19

What are the 2 major causes of hemospermia

(blood in the ejaculate)?

Answer 19

Tear in the urethra

Inflammation of accessory glands (esp. vesiculitis)

Tx: sexual rest

Question 20

EMISSION of sperm is caused by the

________ reflex arc

Answer 20

Thoracolumbar

contraction of smooth muscle of ductus deferens and accessory glands as well as bladder trigone

Question 21

EJACULATION of sperm is caused by the

______ reflex

Answer 21

Sacral reflex

Question 22

How is urospermia (urine in ejaculate) treated?

Answer 22

Completely empty bladder before ejaculation

FUROSEMIDE to dilute any urine contamination (not prevent)

Bladder lavage

Dilute raw semen immediately = best results

A-adrenergics: enhances bladder closure to prevent leakage: IMIPRIMINE (2-4hr before collection)

PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE

Question 23

When is normal testicular descent in horses?

Answer 23

NORMAL TESTICULAR DESCENT IS DURING

LAST 30 DAYS IN UTERO OR 1ST 10 DAYS POST PARTUM

Question 24

How is cryptorchidism diagnosed?

Answer 24

Basal estrone sulfate

Anti-mullerian hormone

Resting testosterone concentration

hCG/GnRH stimulation

Question 25

The most common testicular neoplasia in young horses is

Answer 25

TERATOMA (especially in cryptorchids)

may be malignant

Question 26

In regards to testicular neoplasia which neoplasia is described?:

Mature stallion; may be malignant

Macroscopically, this is white, soft

Answer 26

Seminoma

Question 27

In regards to testicular neoplasia which neoplasia is described?:

May be malignant

yellow/tan (makes steroids like CL!)

Answer 27

Interstitial cell tumor

Question 28

In regards to testicular neoplasia which neoplasia is described?:

Rare-this is the most common in dogs

Tumor is whitish gray, hard (they are supportive cells)

Answer 28

Sertoli cell tumor

Question 29

HYDROCELE (Vaginocele)

is when serous fluid accumulates between visceral and parietal layers of vaginal tunic,

in the _________

Answer 29

tunica vaginalis

Question 30

Persistent erection without sexual arousal

is known as

Answer 30

priapism

Question 31

How is priapism treated?

Answer 31

BENZTROPINE MESOLATE

TERBUTALINE/CLENBUTEROL

PHENYLEPHRINE

Question 32

Inability to retract penis is known as

Answer 32

Paraphimosis

Question 33

This drug can cause paraphimosis in horses

Answer 33

PHENOTHIAZINE

Question 34

What is the most common type of penile neoplasia?

Answer 34

Squamous cell carcinoma