Stallion Breeding Soundness Exam (BSE) Flashcards
Which 2 infectious disease should be screened during
BSE?
EVA
Contagious Equine Metritis
When do you collect semen for a BSE?
COLLECT TWO EJACULATES, ONE HOUR APART
Why 2?: Calculate number of progressively motile, morphologically normal sperm in second ejaculate
What are these?
Artificial vaginas
For semen collection, what 3 items do you need?
Artificial vagina
Temperature/pressure/lubrication at 44-48*C
Condom
What drugs can be used for chemical ejaculation
for semen collection during BSE?
IMIPRAMINE (IV or oral)
XYLAZINE
What is the basic minimum semen threshhold
that qualifies a stallion for breeding?
1*10^9 PROGRESSIVELY MOTILE, MORPHOLOGICALLY NORMAL spermatozoa in second of two ejaculates
1 hour apart after 1 week of sexual rest
What components can affect
daily sperm output?
Affected by season, testicular size, age, sexual behavior
Semen collection for BSE:
Second ejaculate averages about _____% of first
55%
What is the typical scrotal width for breeding stallions?
TYPICAL SCROTAL WIDTH:
102 +/- 9.9 mm
(10.2cm = ~ 4inches is normal;
once they get to 9 or 8cm that is alarming)
You have a fancy mare and a fancy stallion -
Stallion is ejaculating 3x/d and 3x/wk.
You get a choice of the time… Do you want morning, mid day, or noon?
IT DEPENDS!
Ask how big are the testis (huge!)
So now you want the evening because he has enough reserves and the quality will be better.
If owner says small, you want it in the morning because it will be more quantity
In regards to sperm for AI use,
how many progressively motile sperm are needed for:
FRESH semen?
500 million
In regards to sperm for AI use,
how many progressively motile sperm are needed for:
COOLED semen
1 billion
In regards to sperm for AI use,
how many progressively motile sperm are needed for:
FROZEN semen
800 million to 1 billion
= minimum of 240 million at thawing
In regards to equine sperm fractions:
How many sperm fractions do horses have?
4:
Presperm
Sperm Rich
Sperm Poor
Gel Fraction
In regards to equine sperm fractions:
What part of the male anatomy is responsible for
producing the presperm fraction
Bulbourethral glands, urethra
In regards to equine sperm fractions:
What part of the male anatomy is responsible for
producing the sperm rich fraction?
Epididymis and Ampullae (testes)
In regards to equine sperm fractions:
What part of the male anatomy is responsible for
producing the sperm poor fraction?
Prostate and Vesicular Gland
In regards to equine sperm fractions:
What part of the male anatomy is responsible for
producing the Gel fraction?
Vesicular glands
What are the 2 major causes of hemospermia
(blood in the ejaculate)?
Tear in the urethra
Inflammation of accessory glands (esp. vesiculitis)
Tx: sexual rest
EMISSION of sperm is caused by the
________ reflex arc
Thoracolumbar
contraction of smooth muscle of ductus deferens and accessory glands as well as bladder trigone
EJACULATION of sperm is caused by the
______ reflex
Sacral reflex
How is urospermia (urine in ejaculate) treated?
Completely empty bladder before ejaculation
FUROSEMIDE to dilute any urine contamination (not prevent)
Bladder lavage
Dilute raw semen immediately = best results
A-adrenergics: enhances bladder closure to prevent leakage: IMIPRIMINE (2-4hr before collection)
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE
When is normal testicular descent in horses?
NORMAL TESTICULAR DESCENT IS DURING
LAST 30 DAYS IN UTERO OR 1ST 10 DAYS POST PARTUM
How is cryptorchidism diagnosed?
Basal estrone sulfate
Anti-mullerian hormone
Resting testosterone concentration
hCG/GnRH stimulation
