Mare Complications of Pregnancy

Question 1

T/F:

Lack of fetal movement by rectal exam indicates

a non-viable fetus

Answer 1

FALSE

Question 2

In the late term pregnant mare:

T/F:

Fetal-placental monitoring should be done by rectal and transabdominal ultrasound because manual rectal exams are ineffective

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

Fetal _________ indicates

death in absence of bacterial infection

Answer 3

mummification

Question 4

Fetal __________ indicates

death in the presence of bacterial infection

Answer 4

maceration

Question 5

Fetal fluids:

Amniotic and allantoic fluid depth can be measured,

and should be not exceed

_________ cm and _______cm respectively

Answer 5

Amniotic: 7.9 +/- 3.5

Allantoic: 13.4+/- 4.4 cm

• In general, the amniotic fluid should be about*
• half the depth of the allantoic fluid*

Question 6

Fetal fluids:

The ______ fluid will have more cellular debris

Answer 6

amniotic

Question 7

One of the best ways to determine fetal viability

is __________

Answer 7

fetal heart rate

Question 8

What should the heart rate be in the foal?

Answer 8

80-100 bpm

Most reliable parameter to indicate well being is fetal heart rate/activit

Question 9

Recordings of Fetal Heart Rate are obtained by

__________

Answer 9

M-mode echocardiography

Question 10

Fetal Heart Rate:

Constant bradycardia (below 60) is a sign of

____________

Answer 10

impending abortion

Question 11

Fetal Heart Rate:

HR over 100 indicates __________

Answer 11

fetal stress

Question 12

How is ascending placentitis treated in the

pregnant mare?

Answer 12

Antibiotic that crosses the placenta: TMS, Gentocin

FLUNIXIN MEGLUMIN

Uterine Relaxants: ALTRENOGEST

+/- uterine blood flow: PENTOXYFILINE, ASPRIN

Question 13

Total amount of _________increases towards the end of pregnancy. This amount can be used to determine if the pregnancy is at risk

Answer 13

progestagens

Question 14

If there is an increase in progestagens

at around _______days

the mare is at risk for losing the pregnancy

Answer 14

250- 270 days

Question 15

Two most likely causes for premature lactation in a mare?

Answer 15

TWINS OR PLACENTITIS!!!

Question 16

Allantoic vesicles are ________ findings

not associated with other placental dysfunctions

Answer 16

normal incidental

Question 17

Can find a structure in the middle of the cord called the

_______ that is calcified; do not confuse with twins.

Answer 17

remnant of the yolk sac

Question 18

_____ is the most common hydropic condition

Answer 18

Hydroallantois

Question 19

TB mare 308 days’ gestation

Significant abdominal distention in last week

Fluid filled uterus with no palpable foal

Abnormal amount of amniotic fluid detected by ultrasonography

What’s the primary ddx?

Answer 19

hydroamnion

Question 20

What is the

HALLMARK SIGN of PRE-PUBIC TENDON RUPTURE?

Answer 20

Cranial displacement of the udder

Question 21

Prepubic tendon rupture is characterized by what

3 signs?

Answer 21

Cranial displacement of the udder: HALLMARK

Obvious abdominal drop

Sero-sanguinous to bloody mammary secretion

Question 22

Prolonged gestation is defined as a pregnancy that

lasts longer than ______ days.

This seldom results in birth of oversized fetus

Answer 22

360-380 days

Question 23

What is the most common cause of prolonged

gestation in the mare?

Answer 23

Uterine fibrosis (IUGR- intrauterine growth retardation)

Question 24

The causative agent of fescue toxicosis is

Answer 24

Acremonium coenophialum

Question 25

Fescue toxicosis can result in these

reproductive issues in mares

Answer 25

Aglacticia (low prolactin!)

Prolonged gestation or even abortion

Weak or dead foals

Leathery placenta

Dystocia

Question 26

How do you treat mares with fescue toxicosis?

Answer 26

Remove source 30-45 days before parturition and start them on a prolactin stimulating hormone

Dopamine antagonists: DOMPERIDONE/SULPIRIDE