Foaling and Induction of Parturition in the Mare

Question 1

Normal gestation length in horses is

Answer 1

320-365 days

(11 months and a week! Big range!)

Question 2

Move mare to foaling area _______before delivery

Answer 2

4-6 weeks

Question 3

Vaccines are given to mares

at _____ months of gestation

All annuals, Antibodies for colostrum

Answer 3

10 months of gestation

Question 4

Relaxation of abdominal muscle/sacral ligaments

“Dropping of abdomen”

“Hollows” – hollow area around flanks

Relaxation of area around tail head, vulva

are all signs of what?

Answer 4

Signs mare is nearing delivery

Question 5

Udder enlargement occurs _____before parturition

Answer 5

2-4 weeks

(If earlier, sign of ascending placentitis or twins)

Question 6

Thick, waxy exudate on teats is seen 24-28 hours

prior to parturition and is known as

Answer 6

Waxing

Question 7

In regards to mammary secretion of electrolytes before parturition:

Initially you see a very high level of ________which will drop significantly

Ca and K will _______.

Answer 7

Initially you see a very high level of Na which will drop significantly

Ca and K will increase, Na decreases!

“ELECTROLYTES INVERSION OF Na AND K AND RISE IN Ca”

Question 8

98% of mares foal between these hours

Answer 8

98% Foal between 9PM and 8AM

Question 9

There will be an increase in progestogens and decrease in ________ in the 20-30 day period before foaling

Which is different from other species

Answer 9

estrogens

Question 10

What membrane is this?

Answer 10

Chorion!

Question 11

In the first stage of the foaling process,

the fetus readjust: it is in _____ recumbency until this period and they would be in dorsopubic position if they did not readjust

Answer 11

dorsal recumbency

Question 12

_______ rupture “water breaks”,

indicates onset of Stage 2 of foaling

Answer 12

Chorioallantoic membrane (red)

Question 13

If placenta stays in uterus for more than ______

it becomes a FB inside that uterus.

Answer 13

3 hours

Question 14

Make sure placenta expelled by 3 hours

or it is known as

Answer 14

RFM (retained fetal membrane)

Question 15

__________ is the method of choice

for induction of parturition in normal mares

Answer 15

Oxytocin

Question 16

__________ is the method of choice

for induction of parturition in compromised mares

Answer 16

Dexamethasone

Question 17

What is the protocol for lactation induction in a nurse mare?

Answer 17

DOMPRIDONE

PROGESTERONE + ESTRADIOL 17B or benzoate

PROSTAGLANDIN

Question 18

T/F:

The amniotic portion of the umbilical cord has

2 arteries, 1 vein, and the urachus

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

Small, circular, flat, smooth bodies found in the allantoic fluids

with nidus of calcium and phosphate.

It reduces the cellularity of fluid in amnion.

What is this structure called?

Answer 19

Hippomanes

Question 20

One of the most critical emergencies confronted with in equine medicine is DYSTOCIA.

Suspected if the mare is actively straining and the chorioallantois (water) breaks with no visible progress.
If no progress in _____ minutes,

some action must be taken

Answer 20

10 - 15 minutes

Question 21

The most common reason for dystocia in the mare

Answer 21

POSTURE of the foal

(often associated with a weak foal)

Question 22

o Try to minimize contractions while repositioning the foal using injectable _______

(In the US, use stomach tube in trachea of the mare)

Answer 22

CLENBUTEROL

Question 23

When dealing with dystocia,

what meds can be used to sedate the mare?

Answer 23

Sedation with ACEPROMAZINE or

XYLAZINE and BUTORPHANOL

Question 24

When dealing with dystocia,

If general anesthesia is needed, then use ______combination (try to avoid) or else foal will be anesthetized if umbilical cord is intact

Answer 24

xylazine-ketamine

Question 25

Duration of the ___________ is the single most important determinant of the outcome of the foal during dystocia

Answer 25

second-stage labor

Question 26

During dystocia:

For every ______ minute increase in stage II labor

beyond 30 minutes,

there is a 10% increased risk of the foal being dead

Answer 26

10-minute

Question 27

omg i’m so effing tired

Answer 27

i dont wanna keep making these cards