Foaling and Induction of Parturition in the Mare Flashcards
Normal gestation length in horses is
320-365 days
(11 months and a week! Big range!)
Move mare to foaling area _______before delivery
4-6 weeks
Vaccines are given to mares
at _____ months of gestation
All annuals, Antibodies for colostrum
10 months of gestation
Relaxation of abdominal muscle/sacral ligaments
“Dropping of abdomen”
“Hollows” – hollow area around flanks
Relaxation of area around tail head, vulva
are all signs of what?
Signs mare is nearing delivery
Udder enlargement occurs _____before parturition
2-4 weeks
(If earlier, sign of ascending placentitis or twins)
Thick, waxy exudate on teats is seen 24-28 hours
prior to parturition and is known as
Waxing
In regards to mammary secretion of electrolytes before parturition:
Initially you see a very high level of ________which will drop significantly
Ca and K will _______.
Initially you see a very high level of Na which will drop significantly
Ca and K will increase, Na decreases!
“ELECTROLYTES INVERSION OF Na AND K AND RISE IN Ca”
98% of mares foal between these hours
98% Foal between 9PM and 8AM
There will be an increase in progestogens and decrease in ________ in the 20-30 day period before foaling
Which is different from other species
estrogens
What membrane is this?
Chorion!
In the first stage of the foaling process,
the fetus readjust: it is in _____ recumbency until this period and they would be in dorsopubic position if they did not readjust
dorsal recumbency
_______ rupture “water breaks”,
indicates onset of Stage 2 of foaling
Chorioallantoic membrane (red)
If placenta stays in uterus for more than ______
it becomes a FB inside that uterus.
3 hours
Make sure placenta expelled by 3 hours
or it is known as
RFM (retained fetal membrane)
__________ is the method of choice
for induction of parturition in normal mares
Oxytocin
__________ is the method of choice
for induction of parturition in compromised mares
Dexamethasone
What is the protocol for lactation induction in a nurse mare?
DOMPRIDONE
PROGESTERONE + ESTRADIOL 17B or benzoate
PROSTAGLANDIN
T/F:
The amniotic portion of the umbilical cord has
2 arteries, 1 vein, and the urachus
TRUE
Small, circular, flat, smooth bodies found in the allantoic fluids
with nidus of calcium and phosphate.
It reduces the cellularity of fluid in amnion.
What is this structure called?
Hippomanes
One of the most critical emergencies confronted with in equine medicine is DYSTOCIA.
Suspected if the mare is actively straining and the chorioallantois (water) breaks with no visible progress.
If no progress in _____ minutes,
some action must be taken
10 - 15 minutes
The most common reason for dystocia in the mare
POSTURE of the foal
(often associated with a weak foal)
o Try to minimize contractions while repositioning the foal using injectable _______
(In the US, use stomach tube in trachea of the mare)
CLENBUTEROL
When dealing with dystocia,
what meds can be used to sedate the mare?
Sedation with ACEPROMAZINE or
XYLAZINE and BUTORPHANOL
When dealing with dystocia,
If general anesthesia is needed, then use ______combination (try to avoid) or else foal will be anesthetized if umbilical cord is intact
xylazine-ketamine
Duration of the ___________ is the single most important determinant of the outcome of the foal during dystocia
second-stage labor
During dystocia:
For every ______ minute increase in stage II labor
beyond 30 minutes,
there is a 10% increased risk of the foal being dead
10-minute
omg i’m so effing tired
i dont wanna keep making these cards
