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Therio Final Exam Practice Questions > Equine Breeding Management > Flashcards

Equine Breeding Management Flashcards

1
Q

In regards to equine breeding seasons:

Season starts in the N hemisphere on _____

and starts in the S. hemisphere on ______

A

Northern Hemisphere: Feb 15th

Southern Hemisphere: Aug 15th

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2
Q

What are the 4 factors that can maximize

chances of pregnancy in mares?

A

4 factors to maximize our chances:

good management, good timing, clean mare, good semen

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3
Q

In the horse industry

ALL HORSES HAVE A UNIVERSAL BIRTHDAY ON _______ regardless of when they are born.

A

JANUARY 1ST

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4
Q

According to the horse industry:

If a horse is born on Dec 21, 2016

when do they turn 1 year old?

A

January 1, 2017

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5
Q

In the northern hemisphere,

why does the breeding season start on Feb. 15th

in particular?

A

Feb 15th is because gestation period of mare is 342-345 days

so if you breed too early, there is a chance that foal

might be born at the end of the December

(then it takes 2 days for the foal to turn “1 year”- according to the horse industry)

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6
Q

When comparing older mares to younger mares:

older mares start cycling _____ in the year

and

older mares come into heat _______in the season than younger mares

A

later, later!!

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7
Q

Mares Pregnant divided by the # Mares Bred

equals

A

Pregnancy rate

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8
Q

In regards to pregnancy rate:

You want ____% of mares pregnant AFTER first cycle!!!!

You want to have a commutative pregnancy rate of ____% at end of breeding season

(season ending June 30/July 15th)

A

60% pregnancy rate after 1st cycle

90% pregnancy rate at end of breeding season

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9
Q

Thoroughbreds can bred between 2x to 4x per day with the limiting factor being ______

A

libido!

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10
Q

________ need to be bred under live cover,

This breed DOES NOT ACCEPT AI!

A

Thoroughbreds!

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11
Q

You see a “cartwheel” on ultrasound of the uterus.

What ENDOMETRIAL EDEMA GRADE is this?

A

ENDOMETRIAL EDEMA GRADE 4

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12
Q

ENDOMETRIAL EDEMA

GRADE _____ = HYPER-EDEMA (aka abnormal uterine edema)

A

GRADE 5

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13
Q

Mares that ovulate with _____ edema

24 - 48 hours post-breeding

will have a higher pregnancy rate

A

low

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14
Q

What are the 2 methods of breeding mares?

A

Natural Cover

Artificial Insemination

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15
Q

In regards to artificial insemination:

Fresh Semen – used ____hours between collection and insemination

Cooled shipped semen – collected ______hours before AI

Frozen Semen – useable FOREVER!

A

Fresh semen: 1 - 2 hours between collection and insemination

Cooled Shipped semen: collected 24 - 48h before AI

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16
Q

In regards to types of semen used for AI:

_______semen has the lowest survival time, we need to breed very close to ovulation when using it

A

Frozen

17
Q

There is no question that breeding prior to ______ results in higher pregnancy rates

A

ovulation

18
Q

How many hours prior to ovulation should you

breed naturally?

A

48 - 72 hours

19
Q

How many hours prior to ovulation should you

breed using FRESH semen

A

<48 hours

20
Q

How many hours prior to ovulation should you

breed using FRESH COOLED semen?

A

24 - 36 hours

21
Q

How many hours prior to ovulation should you

breed using FROZEN semen?

A

<12 hours

22
Q

IF BRED THE DAY AFTER OVULATION

pregnancy rate is ____%

which tells you the limiting factor in breeding is the _______

not lifespan of the _____.

A

IF BRED THE DAY AFTER OVULATION

pregnancy rate is 6%

which tells you the limiting factor in breeding is the lifespan of the oocyte

not lifespan of the sperm.

23
Q

What is the lifespan of the oocyte (how long is the egg viable?)

A

12 hours only!

24
Q

Mares are very good at storing sperm; they store sperm in the ___________

A

isthmus of the oviduct

25
Q

What is the fertility rate in a horse with adequate semen quality

in natural cover breeding and fresh AI semen?

A

>60%

26
Q

What is the fertility rate in a horse with adequate semen quality

using cooled semen AI?

A

>50%

27
Q

What is the fertility rate in a horse with adequate semen quality

using frozen semen AI?

A

>40%

28
Q

AI if done properly,

in most cases will ______ the fertility of the mare

and/or the stallion

A

enhance

29
Q

T/F:

Natural breeding is a cheap alternative to AI

A

FALSE!!

30
Q

Because Thoroughbreds cannot be bred AI,

what 2 methods are used as a loophole to this roll

A

MINIMUM CONTAMINATION TECHNIQUE

(putting extender into uterus before breeding)

REINFORCING THE BREEDING

(scoop up semen from vagina after breeding and get post ejaculatory drops put in extender and put into uterus with pipette)

31
Q

The standard place for semen deposition in AI is the

A

uterine body

32
Q

What are the 4 components

of proper AI?

A

Deposition of good quality semen 0.5 – 1.0 x 10^6

Into the uterus of a clean mare – culture swab (-) for bacT

At the right time (0-24 hrs pre ovulation)

The standard place for semen deposition is the uterine body

33
Q

The main factor contributing to sperm migration to the oviduct is __________

A

uterine contractility

34
Q

In natural mating

______sperm are deposited in the uterus

A

2-15 billion

35
Q

By ________ after breeding/AI

the sperm are in the oviduct

A

30 min – 4 hours

36
Q

In regards to sperm transport:

Maximal colonization post insemination

appears to be achieved by _____.

Important because egg is only viable for 12 hours.

This is when we can start doing 2* treatments.

A

4 HOURS

37
Q

Which group of mares would have

the best seasonal pregnancy rate?

Place in order from best to worst rate:

Barren, old maiden, young maiden, foaling mare

A

Young maiden mares > foaling mares

> barren mares > old maiden mares (mare not bred but >8yr)

38
Q

What are the benefits of the

Deep Horn Insemination Technique

which uses a flexible pipette to

deposit semen in uterine horn/close to uterotubal junction

A

Reduces inseminate volume,

sperm numbers, uterine-sperm time contact

and thus uterine inflammation which

increases pregnancy rates

Therio Final Exam Practice Questions (11 decks)

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