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Feeds lecture > Swine Nutrition > Flashcards

Swine Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

why does the midwest dominate is swine inventory

A

they have easy access to corn and sorghum product

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2
Q

Trends in carcass composition of hogs

A

-loineye and slaughter weight remain relatively the same
-backfat has significantly decreased

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3
Q

how much of hog production is feeding cost

A

2/3

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4
Q

how do cows compete with swine reproductive efficiency

A

their ability to utilize low quality forage

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5
Q

how many litters does a sow produce a year on average? how many pigs per litter

A

2.4 litters per year
10.5 pigs per litter

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6
Q

what percent of feed goes to slaughter progeny in hogs? how much to breeding herd?

A

slaughter progeny: 80%
herd: 20%

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7
Q

factors affecting pig energy requirements

A

maintenance
growth
pregnancy
lactation

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8
Q

most common cereal grain feed

A

1st: corn
2nd: milo

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9
Q

cereal grains nutritional balance

A

-high energy, low fiber
-deficient in EAA
-high in P(low bioavailability)
-low in Ca

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10
Q

cereal grain by-product nutritional balance

A

-lower energy, higher fiber than original cereal grain
-higher protein concentration
-same EAA profile

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11
Q

which is the only grain that has b-carotene that can be converted to vitamin A

A

corn

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12
Q

what cereal grain has the best protein quality

A

wheat grain

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13
Q

what cereal grain is abundant in Texas

A

sorghum

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14
Q

which cereal grain has lower ME value

A

barley grain

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15
Q

what cereal grain is better for ruminants than pigs and has a high fiber content

A

oat grain

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16
Q

T/F you should always process cereal grains when feeding them to hogs

A

TRUE

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17
Q

T/F processing cereal grains improves the EAA profile by increasing the protein concentration

A

FASLE. EAA profile stays the same even as protein concentration increases

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18
Q

cereal grain milling by-products

A

-germ meal(corn, wheat)
-gluten meal(corn, sorghum)
-middlings(wheat, rye)
-hominy feed(corn)

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19
Q

dry cereal grain by-products

A

-beet pulp
-citrus pulp
-dried bakery product

20
Q

how much fat can you add to pig diets

21
Q

disadvantages of feeding fat to pigs

A

-increased carcass fat
-more difficult to store and handle

22
Q

advantages to feeding fat to pigs

A

-improved milk yield
-pig survival improved
-reproductive efficiency improved

23
Q

how does adding fat affect the N:C ration, why?

A

ratio will be reduced bc fat adds calories but not lysine

24
Q

rate limiting amino acids in swine

A

lysine
methionine
threonine
tryptophan

25
factors that alter pig composition of growth
-stage of growth -gender -genotype -growth modifiers
26
what happens to EAA requirements as weight increases
requirements decrease
27
lysine requirement for young pigs
1.65%
28
T/F you should feed boars and sows separately
TRUE. gilts are leaner than boars and have higher AA requirements
29
what is the gold standard plant feed for EAA
SBM
30
what plant protein has the lowest relative lysine value
corn gluten meal
31
T/F SBM has better relative lysine value than most animal protein sources
FALSE. it is the best plant source, but is worse than most animal sources
32
what is the bioavailability of synthetic amino acids
100%
33
T/F measuring bioavailability is better than just the amount present
TRUE
34
strategies to improve feed efficiency and reduce fecal nitrogen
-formulate diet on EAA requirements rather than CP -formulate on bioavailability of EAA -use synthetic EAA to meet requirements and lower CP -implement phase feeding -use split sex feeding -use paylean -use genetically modified corn
35
phase feeding
2 phase: above requirements 2 phase: average 5 phase
36
why does phosphorus have low bioavailability to non ruminants
fitic acid binds to phosphorus and prevents absorption
37
on average how much phosphorus from plant sources is not bioavailable to non ruminanta
2/3
38
what supplement increases the bioavailability of phosphorus in pigs
phytase
39
why should copper be supplemented in young pigs
they have a high Fe requirement that milk does not meet
40
what mineral supplement form has the lowest bioavailability
oxide forms
41
what are organic trace minerals
mineral is linked to an AA to increase bioavailability
42
b-complex vitamins most likely to be deficient in swine
riboflaven pantothenic acid niacin vitamin B12
43
why must feed intake be limited in swine during late gestation
diet is high in grain
44
side effects of overfeeding swine in late gestation
smaller litters difficult parturition more crushed pigs
45
how much should sows with less than 8 pigs be fed
3lb + 1lb for every piglet

Feeds lecture (18 decks)

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